RU65509U1 - SELECTIVE WATER INTAKE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is aimed at simplifying the design and reducing the cost of the selective water intake structure, as well as the current costs of its operation. The specified technical result is achieved in that the selective water intake device comprises a derivative system for supplying water to the turbines of the hydroelectric power station through a distribution manifold equipped with a shutter. On the flooded reservoir terrace with altitudinal intervals equal to the seasonal depths of the thermocline, there are stepwise two or more underwater derivation channels with horizontal edges.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of hydraulic engineering, in particular, for the selective selection of water from a stratified reservoir of a hydroelectric power station and can be used to maintain a hydrothermal regime of the watercourse close to natural in the lower pool of a hydroelectric power station located in a climatic zone with pronounced seasonal cycles, for example, rivers of Siberia, the Far East or the Kola Peninsula.

The water inlets of the turbine tracts in the buildings of the hydroelectric power station are deepened, taking into account the discharge of the reservoir, to the points where the water temperature, due to the density stratification, in the summer and winter periods differs significantly from the temperature of its surface layers, as this, as an example, is illustrated in figure 1 schedule 1 of the change in water temperature in the reservoir of the Serebryanskaya hydroelectric power station in July 1972, where graph 2 also shows the lower boundary of the layer, which, according to calculations, was involved in the water intake of the hydroelectric power station and T is the thickness of this layer.

In this regard, ecologically extremely undesirable changes in the processes of formation of the hydrothermal regime of the watercourse that are established in the natural environment during the indicated periods in hydroelectric power stations, for example, the presence on the long stretch of the river below the gauge site of the ice-free icehouse, which is a hotbed of fogging in severe frosts over significant areas coastal areas.

A well-known turbine water intake is intended for selective water withdrawal during the operation of a hydroelectric power station, including an advance chamber with a trash holding grid, repair and L-shaped

working shutters. The working shutter has the ability to move vertically as the reservoir draws out (USSR Author's Certificate No. 746029, ЕВВ 9/04, 1980).

The disadvantages of the analogue are: the horizontal shelf of the L-shaped shutter directed towards the upstream practically does not affect the formation of a hydrodynamic field suitable for the flow inlet and does not provide selective discharge of the surface water layer, the presence in winter of difficulties in the operation of structurally complex devices exposed to ice .

In addition, a significant limitation of water inflow due to the small length of the water intake within the HPP building, which, with relatively small values of the specific costs of selective water inflow, reduces the upper limit of the total power of the HPP.

Known selective water intake structure containing a water intake chamber, separated from the reservoir by a spillway valve with a drive for its vertical movement, and a discharge water conduit connected to the camera. The water intake chamber is made in the form of a channel located in the coastal massif of the reservoir along the water edge and having a wall on the side of the reservoir. The spillway shutter is made floating, sliding along the wall, and the shutter drive is made in the form of a winch with a cable block system connected to the shutter (RU No. 2076915, ЕОВВ 9/04, 1997).

According to the greatest number of similar features and the result achieved when using this technical solution is selected as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype is an expensive bolt arrangement, including reinforced concrete gobies with grooves installed on the apron, in which slide gates with individually controlled actuators are placed.

The technical result, which the utility model aims to achieve, is to simplify the design and reduce the cost of the selective water intake structure, as well as the current costs of its operation.

To achieve the indicated technical result, in a selective water intake device containing a derivative system for supplying water to the hydroelectric power station turbines through a distribution manifold equipped with gates, two or more underwater derivation channels with horizontal edgelines are located in steps on the flooded shore terrace with vertical intervals equal to the seasonal depths of the thermocline .

A distinctive feature of the proposed selective water intake device from the above known, closest to it, is that in the adjacent sections of the reservoir, which are prone to flooding (even at the level of its "dead volume"), two or more underwater derivation channels are stepwise located on the coastal terraces with horizontal eyebrows through which lateral selective water inflow into the working underwater derivation channel from the upper reservoir is carried out on both sides and further, passing open shutter is located at the end of this channel, the water enters the manifold and then into the turbine paths arranged downstream of the power house.

The selective water intake device is schematically illustrated by the drawings shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.

Figure 2 presents a top view of the proposed selective water intake device. Figure 3 - selective water intake device, in the lateral interpretation of the cross section aa.

The selective water intake device (figure 2) contains a section of the coastal terrace 1 flooded by the reservoir, underwater derivation channels 2 and 3, spillway gates 4 in the mouth sections of the underwater

derivation channels with which water flow into the pressure distribution manifold is regulated 5. In addition, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show the building of a hydroelectric power station 6, a soil dam 7, enclosing a reservoir in the area of a selective water intake device, and a spillway dam 8, which is part of the water waterworks facilities.

The operation of this selective water intake device is as follows.

Initially, when the reservoir is filled to its normal retaining level by the end of the spring flood, the “process water” directed into the turbine ducts of the hydroelectric power station building 6 selectively flows from the surface layers of the shore terrace 1 of the reservoir into the first, uppermost, underwater derivation channel 2 with horizontal eyebrows buried by a value of T to the marks of the temperature jump characteristic of a given reservoir - the so-called “thermocline”, with closed gates of the other underwater innovational channel 3.

This initial cycle of operation of the selective water intake device continues until, due to the gradual emptying of the reservoir, the water-absorbing ability of the underwater derivation channel 2 is exhausted. Then, by opening the shutter, the underwater derivation channel 3 is turned on, both horizontal edges of which are below the edges of the underwater derivation channel 2 - at the level of the “thermocline” that had fallen by that time in the reservoir.

With a deep discharge of the reservoir exceeding the double interval of its temperature stratification, an additional derivation channel is used.

Claims (1)

A selective water intake device containing a derivative system for supplying water to the hydroelectric power station turbines through a distribution manifold equipped with a shutter, characterized in that stepwise two or more underwater drainage channels are located in a selective water intake on a flooded shore terrace terrace with height intervals equal to seasonal depths of the thermocline horizontal eyebrows.