RU2076915C1 - Selective water inlet structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to water inlet structures of hydroelectric station with deep water reservoirs. Proposed selective water inlet structure is composed of floating gates positioned in spans of water-discharge front, grooves in piers along which gates move in vertical direction, winches lifting and lowering gates, block systems used to execute operations of lifting and lowering of gates of water inlet chamber and diversion canal in shore toothing, separating wall, stop legs, travelling gantry crane and cross bar. EFFECT: enhanced operational efficiency of structure by reduced usage of materials and increased selectivity of water inlet.

Description

 The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to water intake devices of hydroelectric power stations with deep reservoirs.

 It is known that in deep water bodies temperature-plane stratification is observed, in connection with which an ecologically unfavorable regime of the downstream (NB) is created, which receives water that is most often taken from the lower layers of the reservoir, with a temperature that differs sharply in winter and summer from normal temperatures river (to the hydroelectric power station). For this reason, in the winter, many-kilometer wormwoods form in the lower pools of operating hydroelectric power stations.

 The easiest way to solve this environmental problem is the selective selection of water from the upper layers of the reservoir.

Known outlet containing a discharge channel with an end section, at the outlet of which there is an overflow filtering dam. From the side of the canal, the dam to the entire height of the slope is made with an anti-filter screen, which fixes the minimum water level in the canal. Part of the flow rate of water flowing through the dam, in the form of a filtration stream, goes through the downstream slope to the cooler reservoir. The quenching of energy occurs due to the increased roughness of the slope of the dam and the filtration stream exiting from its body [1]
The disadvantages of this outlet are the lack of a solid barrier in the depth of the stream, and there is no way to adjust the mark of the spillway.

A known water intake of a turbine water conduit, selected as a prototype, is designed for selective water withdrawal during the operation of a hydroelectric power station and includes an advance chamber with a trash holding grid, repair and L-shaped working gates, the latter having the ability to move vertically as the reservoir operates [2]
This device is not working efficiently. Thus, the horizontal shelf of the L-shaped shutter directed towards the upstream practically does not affect the formation of a hydrodynamic field suitable for the flow intake and does not provide selective discharge of the surface water layer.

 The proposed design of a selective water intake device is devoid of these drawbacks, since the station location of the water intake (from the pressure front side) is changed to the coastal one and instead of the L-shaped shutter it uses an adjustable movable screen that partially separates (along with the wall) from the reservoir a water intake chamber (derivation channel) performed in a coastal recess (line), through which a stream of selectively selected water is supplied either to the turbines of the hydroelectric power station or to an idle discharge.

 Structurally, this solution is similar to a rectangular flooded spillway with a thin wall (see Hydrotechnical Structures. Designer Guide. Edited by V. P. M. Nedrigi, Stroyizdat, 1983, p. 3.6. Fluid Movement through Weirs, p. 83).

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the structure by reducing the consumption of materials and increasing the selectivity of water intake.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the selective water intake the station location of the water intake is changed to the coastal one and instead of the L-shaped shutter it uses an adjustable movable screen that partially separates the derivation channel from the reservoir.

 The main distinguishing feature of selective water intake is that the water intake manifold is located in a groove (excavation) made in the coastal massif.

 The proposed selective water intake device is intended for the selective selection of water from the upper layers of the reservoir and can significantly improve the environmental condition in the NB by regulating the temperature regime of the NB.

 In FIG. 1 shows the proposed device; in Fig.2 a section aa in Fig. one.

 This device includes floating shutters-screens 1 located in the spans of the overflow front, grooves 2 in the gobies along which the shutters move in the vertical direction, a winch 3 for raising and lowering the shutter, block systems 4, with which they perform lifting and lowering of the shutters into the temperature-stratified upper layer 5 in the reservoir, the derivation channel 6, made in the shore ridge, the dividing wall 7, the screwing grooves 8 in the gobies, the gantry crane 9, the crossbeams 10.

 Selective water intake device operates as follows.

 Floating shutters-screens 1, located in the spans of the overflow front and moving vertically in the grooves of the gobies 2, are installed using winches and block systems 4 at a depth that provides overflow from the upper layer 5 of the water reservoir (with a temperature characteristic of this layer), along the coastal derivation channel 6, further supplying water to the building of the hydroelectric power station or spillway. The lower part of the channel is separated from the reservoir by a dividing wall 7, the height of which and the shutter sliding along it are determined depending on the depth of the seasonal runoff of the reservoir, as well as by the condition of passing a predetermined water flow through the derivation channel. The channel channel is formed in the coastal indentation by dividing walls located in the spans and floating gates, through the top of which flow into the water collector from the temperature-stratified layer of the reservoir, and therefore a favorable hydrothermal regime is provided in the downstream of the hydroelectric station.

 The shutter is repaired under the protection of the shandor boards installed in the grooves of 8 bull-calves with the help of a gantry crane 9, which can move along the entire intake along the beam beams 10, one of which (from the reservoir) connects the bull-calves, increasing their lateral stability.

 The selective water intake device of this design, due to its location on the coastal slope, works more efficiently than devices of a similar purpose located in the deep water areas of the reservoir, which is specifically confirmed by the operating experience of the Kolyma hydroelectric complex with a coastal location of turbine water inlets. According to the simulation results, the selective ability of the intake device of the proposed design is most manifested when the steepness of the coastal slope is 0.3 0.4.

 In addition, such a device is better adapted to the perception of a pile of ice fields floating in the reservoir, it is also easier to operate.

Claims (1)

 A selective water intake structure containing a water intake chamber separated from the reservoir by a spillway valve with a vertical displacement actuator and a water outlet connected to the camera, characterized in that the water intake chamber is made in the form of a channel located in the coastal massif of the reservoir along the water edge and has a side reservoir wall, spillway shutter is made floating, sliding along the wall, and the shutter drive is made in the form of a winch with a cable block system connected to the shutter.

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