RU62622U1 - REINFORCED REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE OF A MULTI-STOREY BUILDING, FRAMEWORK CONSTRUCTION OF A FRAME, INTERIOR ELEMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

In the proposed prefabricated reinforced concrete frame of the building, at least a part of the load-bearing elements is made in the form of a frame structure comprising at least one column part and one crossbar part made in one piece.

The supporting element may have a U-shape with a bolt portion protruding beyond the column portion, an H-shape with a bolt portion protruding from the column portion or other shape.

Moreover, the element of overlapping precast concrete frame contains a plate made with at least three longitudinal stiffeners.

Description

Prefabricated reinforced concrete frame construction of a multi-storey building, frame construction of the frame, element of overlap.

The inventive utility model relates to the field of industrial and civil construction and can be used in the construction of prefabricated reinforced concrete frames of mainly multi-storey buildings for various purposes, including for residential, industrial buildings and general buildings.

The widespread use of prefabricated reinforced concrete frames in the construction industry is due to qualities such as an accelerated pace of construction, a reduction in the proportion of the complexity of construction directly on the construction site, and, accordingly, a significant reduction in the influence of the climatic factor (winter period).

At the same time, the effectiveness of construction using a precast reinforced concrete frame largely depends on the range of load-bearing elements - components of a precast concrete frame, and the versatility of the frames, including the possibility of erecting buildings for various functional purposes with flexible technological layout of the premises.

Known schemes of prefabricated reinforced concrete frames of single-storey buildings and structures (patents No. 2226593, No. 21114430, AS No. 2087633, AS SU 1386711, Certificate No. 15352) include the following load-bearing elements: floor elements, columns (vertical linear load-bearing elements), crossbars (horizontal linear bearing elements). Typically, the total number of load-bearing elements in known prefabricated frames is from fifteen to twenty pieces.

Currently widely used floor elements, including those described in patent No. 21114430, are multi-hollow floor slabs with a width of 1200.0 mm.

Slabs are interconnected by means of cast concrete.

Moreover, due to the rather small width of the plates,

a large number of seams are formed on the ceiling, which complicate and increase the cost of finishing work.

In addition, the installation of all these load-bearing elements is carried out at the construction site, which leads to a relatively large proportion of the complexity of construction directly at the construction site, and, accordingly, the increased influence of the climatic factor, as well as the long-term use of expensive construction equipment, which together reduces the effectiveness of precast construction and increases its value.

The implementation of the assembly nodes at the construction site, in particular, such complex nodes as the node for connecting the columns to each other or columns and crossbars, on which there is a concentration of significant contact stresses on small contact areas, does not provide the proper bearing capacity and reliability required for joints load-bearing elements of prefabricated frames of buildings of high floors, as well as large-span ceilings of buildings.

Moreover, well-known schemes do not provide free planning of the internal space of buildings and structures and, accordingly, have a limited functional purpose.

Known prefabricated reinforced concrete frame construction of a multi-storey building, in the frame of which are used load-bearing elements in the form of solid frame structures containing two columns and a cross beam transverse to them, part of which stands at least one column with a console (K.V. Sakhnovsky. Reinforced concrete structures, state publishing house of literature on construction, architecture and building materials, M., 1961, p. 522).

In the known solution, the frames are single-storied with the crossbar adjoining the columns at their upper ends.

The enlargement of the load-bearing elements in a single frame structure, combining the columns and the crossbar allows to reduce several times

the complexity of the frame device at the construction site and remove expensive mechanisms from the construction site is one and a half times faster.

The junction of the column-bolt in the factory, in the form of a monolithic node, provides high-quality production of this node.

However, the described solution has not found application in the framework structures of multi-storey buildings.

In particular, this is due to the complexity of the implementation of the docking node between the columns of the frames of adjacent floors. In the described construction, the junction of the columns falls on the floors of the floors, that is, in the zone of maximum bending moments, which complicates the construction of multi-story buildings and reduces the effectiveness of such construction.

The basis of this utility model is the task of creating a prefabricated reinforced concrete frame structure and its supporting elements - frame structures and floor elements, which would improve the construction efficiency of multi-storey buildings and reduce its cost while providing the possibility of erecting multi-storey buildings of various functional purposes using flexible layout of the internal space .

The problem is solved in that, in a prefabricated reinforced concrete frame structure of a multi-storey building, comprising a frame with frame structures, at least part of which includes integral parts, at least a column and a cross section, while the cross section protrudes beyond the column section, according to the proposed technical solution, the frame structure has an H-shape, while the joints of the vertical parts of the frame structure are located in the middle of the heights of the interfloor space.

In an advantageous embodiment, it is advisable that in the assembled frame the ends of the column parts (columns) are located

in the middle between the floors of the floors, and the crossbar part (crossbar) adjoined the columns at half their height.

The advantage of H-shaped frame structures is that the joints of their vertical parts are located in the middle of the heights of the interfloor space, that is, in the zone of practically “zero” bending moments.

At the same time, it is more convenient to carry out work when performing assembly units for connecting the upstream frame to the downstream one.

In order to ensure the free layout of buildings and structures, it is advisable that the frame contains crossbar elements, each of which is configured to dock with the crossbar parts of frame structures.

Thanks to the proposed design, a free layout of the building with easily variable transverse dimensions is ensured.

In particular, by partially cutting off the cross-section protruding beyond the columns, the transverse dimension of the building can be reduced, and by attaching to the protruding cross-section parts of the crossbar elements, the transverse dimension of the building can be increased.

It is advisable that, at least in part of the frame structures, the column part has two end sections opposite each other, one of which has a pin protruding beyond the end of the specified end section, and a sleeve protruding beyond its end is mounted with a counter channel , while the pins and sleeves of all these frame structures are configured to enter the pin of one frame structure into the channel of the sleeve of another frame structure. This embodiment of the end sections of the frame structures simplifies the implementation of interfloor assemblies. As a rule, a pin is mounted in the upper part of the frame, and a sleeve in the lower part.

During installation, the pin, entering the sleeve, works as a guide, thereby simplifying the docking of frame structures.

This creates a temporary unit that allows you to fix the upper frame structures on the lower ones and has sufficient strength to carry three floors before welding, which ensures faster release of crane mechanisms.

The problem is also solved by the fact that, in the frame structure of the frame containing made in one piece, at least two column and bolt parts, while the bolt part stands for the column part, according to the proposed technical solution, the frame structure has an H-shape

In this case, the frame structure is made with the possibility of placement in the transverse direction of the precast concrete frame and contains column parts (columns) of the frame, and a cross section of the frame (crossbar) of the frame transverse to them.

In the proposed design, the crossbar is monolithic in the column, forming a single structure with it, manufactured in the factory in the formwork form of the same type, which ensures the implementation of a high-quality column-crossbar assembly and simplifies its manufacturing technology.

This reduces the range of load-bearing elements and the complexity of work on the construction site.

This reduces the range of load-bearing elements and the complexity of work on the construction site.

The problem is also solved by the fact that the element of overlapping precast concrete frame, according to

the proposed technical solution contains a plate with at least three longitudinal stiffeners installed at intervals relative to each other.

The implementation of the element of overlapping increased width eliminates a large number of seams on the ceiling, which reduces the cost and simplifies the finishing work.

In addition, the implementation of the multi-rib plate allows you to increase the initial width of the floor element up to 2400.00 mm, while making it possible to reduce its dimensions by cutting off part of the plate, both in the transverse and in the longitudinal direction. In addition, the necessary communications can be laid in the intercostal space.

When the number of stiffeners is less than three, the transverse dimensions of the floor element cannot be reduced.

The maximum width of the floor element 2400.00 mm is determined from the condition of the most preferred dimensions of the frame structures and the condition of the multiplicity of the traditionally used width is 1200.00 mm.

The limitation on the maximum size of the floor element at 2400.00 m is associated with the possibilities of freight transportation.

Freight transportation of building frame elements of a larger width is associated with additional costs, which makes it currently not economical to increase the width of the floor elements more than 2400.00 mm.

It is preferable to perform an overlap element of the maximum permissible width - 2400.00 mm, followed by truncation (if necessary) at the construction site in accordance with the given building design.

At the same time, an increase in the width of the overlap element and the possibility of changing its dimensions provides a multivariance of the layout of buildings and structures.

It is advisable that at least part of the floor slabs, at least part of the stiffeners contain mounted in the lower end surfaces of the stiffeners

inserts from a material that allows easy insertion of fasteners into it, such as plastic.

The presence of such inserts on the lower end surfaces of the stiffeners provides the ability to easily attach a false ceiling to them, which greatly simplifies and reduces the cost of finishing work.

It is advisable to perform plates reinforced with the release of working reinforcement, at least along the transverse ends of the upper belt of the floor slabs.

The presence of reinforcement outlets along the transverse ends of the upper zone of the floor slabs makes it possible to connect the plates together by welding with monolithic joints, which ensures their operation according to a continuous structure. As a result of such a connection, an absolute overlap disk is created.

The present technical solution is further described in detail with examples of its implementations with reference to the drawings, in which:

Figure 1 - frame design of a U-shaped and the connection diagram of such frame structures;

Figure 2 is a variant of the frame structure of a U-shaped with a protruding crossbar part and the connection diagram of such frame structures;

Figure 3 - connection option frame design of a U-shape with a protruding crossbar part;

Figure 4 is a variant of the frame structure of an H-shaped with a protruding crossbar part and a connection diagram;

Figure 5 - mounting unit for connecting column parts;

6 is a floor element, a top view;

Fig.7 is a section 7-7 of Fig.6, an enlarged scale;

Fig. 8 is a fragment A in Fig. 6;

Fig.9 - prefabricated reinforced concrete frame of a residential building;

Fig.10 is a section 10-10 in Fig.9 (Fig.10a is with the frame structures shown in Fig.3), Fig.10b is a section 10-10 in Fig.9 with the frame structures shown in Fig.4) ;

Figure 1 - Figure 4 shows the options for the bearing element of the precast concrete frame - frame structure containing at least two mutually perpendicular bearing linear parts made in one piece with each other. Advantageously, the frame structures shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 are configured to laterally accommodate a precast concrete frame.

Shown in figure 1, the frame structure 1 has a U-shaped shape and contains the first and second linear bearing parts made in the form of columnar parts 2 of the frame, and the third linear bearing part transverse to the first and second parts and made in the form of a crossbar part 3 of the frame .

As shown in FIG. 1, the U-shaped frame structures in the prefabricated frame are joined together in column parts by known methods, for example, by means of a bolted connection followed by monoling of the joints.

Mostly the U-shaped form of frame structures can be used in prefabricated frames designed for small, low-rise buildings, for example, in the construction of cottages.

To ensure the free layout of buildings, it is preferable to use frame structures in which the crossbar part has a length greater than the distance between the parallel column parts and at least one end of the cross section projects beyond one of the column parts.

One embodiment of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 2. the frame structure 4, which contains two column parts 2 and the crossbar part 3, placed on top of the column parts 2 and having a section 5, protruding beyond one of them.

Such frame structures can be interconnected by their protruding sections 5 of the bolt parts 3 (Figure 2), for example by bolting with the subsequent monolithic joint.

In this case, it is possible to change the transverse size of the frame structure 4 by trimming the protruding sections 5 of the crossbar parts 3.

It is possible to connect the frame structures 4 to each other through the crossbar elements 6 (Figure 3), each of which is made with the possibility of connection with the crossbar parts 3 of the frame structures 4.

Another embodiment of the frame structure 7 with a protruding crossbar portion is shown in FIG. 4. The frame structure 7 contains two column parts 2 and a crossbar part 3 located between the column parts 2 at half their height and having a portion 5 protruding beyond one of them.

In this case, the frame structure 7 can also be joined by known methods directly bolt parts 3 (Figure 4) or through bolt elements (not shown).

In this case, it is possible to change the transverse dimension of the frame structure 7 by trimming the protruding portion 5 of the crossbar part 3.

The advantage of H-shaped frame structures is that the joints of their vertical parts are located in the interfloor space, that is, in the zone of practically "zero" bending moments, as well as in the convenience of work when performing mounting nodes to connect the upstream frame structure to the downstream one.

The frame structures are preferably made with a thickness of 400 (500) mm.

The width of the column parts 2 of the frame structure 4 and 7 may vary depending on the number of storeys of the building and, accordingly, on the magnitude of the vertical load, as well as on the classes of concrete used and the degree of saturation of the elements with reinforcement.

The crossbar part 3, basically, has a constant height in all types of frame structures, determined by the maximum span (82,500 mm) and is 500 mm.

The crossbar elements 6 have the same transverse dimensions as the crossbar parts 3 of monolithic frame structures, and their length is selected from the planning needs of buildings, but cannot be more than 6000 mm.

The maximum dimensions of the frame structures are limited by the possibilities of transportation, since their manufacture is carried out in the factory.

There are other options, other than those described above, for the execution of frame structures of a precast concrete frame.

To simplify the docking of the column parts 2 of the higher frame structure with the lower part of the column part 2 mounted in the protruding beyond its end 8, pin 9 (Figure 5), and mounted in the opposite end (upper) protruding beyond its end 8, the sleeve 10 with a mating pin 9 by channel 11. In this case, the pins 9 and sleeves 10 of the frame structures are configured to enter the pin 9 of one frame structure into the channel 11 of the sleeve 10 of another frame structure.

When installing a higher frame structure on a lower one, the pin 9, entering the sleeve 10, works as a guide, which simplifies the docking of frame structures. Preliminary, the pin 9 is fixed in the sleeve 10 by means of glue, forming a temporary unit, which allows you to fix the frame structure in a predetermined position before welding. At the same time, the authors found that such a temporary mounting unit has sufficient strength to carry three floors, which provides faster release of crane mechanisms.

Figure 6 shows the element of overlapping 12 precast concrete frame containing a plate 13 made of multi-rib with longitudinal ribs 14 stiffness, located with a small interval relative to each other.

In a preferred embodiment, the overlap element perform the maximum allowable size - 2400.00. Maybe different

the distance between the stiffeners, which is set by the transformable parts of the tooling.

The execution of the floor element in the form of a multi-rib plate with a width of 2400.00 mm allows, depending on the given building project, to change the dimensions of the floor element at the construction site by cutting off part of the plate in the longitudinal and / or transverse directions, which ensures multivariance of the layout of the building being constructed.

The width of the floor element of 2400.00 mm is determined from the conditions of the most preferred sizes of monolithic frame structures and the condition of the multiplicity of the traditionally used width - 1200.00 mm, as well as transportation capabilities.

In the lower end surfaces of the stiffening ribs 14, inserts 15 are mounted (Fig. 7) from a material that allows easy insertion of fasteners, for example, plastic.

When finishing work, a hem 16 is attached to the stiffening ribs 14 by introducing fasteners 17 into plastic inserts 15, which is much simpler than fixing to concrete.

In the intercostal space, the necessary communications can be laid.

Plate 13 is made reinforced with the release of working reinforcement 18 (Fig. 8) at least along the transverse ends 19 of the upper belt of the floor slab.

When installing the frame, the elements of the floors 12 are connected by welding through the outlets of the working reinforcement, which ensures their operation according to a continuous structure.

In Fig.9 shows a precast concrete frame 20 in plan, in Fig.10a and Fig.10b section 10-10, respectively, with different options for performing frame structures.

The frame 20 contains elements of the floors 12, frame structures 4 (Fig.10A) or 7 (Fig.10b) made,

accordingly, a U-shaped with protruding crossbar parts 3 or an H-shaped with protruding crossbar parts 3. It is possible to make a precast concrete frame from frame structures of a different shape.

In Fig.10b, the column parts 2 of the frame structures 7 are joined to each other on the interfloor section, and in Fig. 10a, the column parts 2 of the monolithic frame structures 4 are joined to each other at the level of overlap. To connect the column parts of the frame structures, it is preferable to use the temporary assembly described above with a pin and sleeve on the column parts.

The general assembly of the frame is carried out by known methods.

Due to the combination of columned and crossbar parts into a single frame structure, the range of load-bearing elements of the prefabricated frame is reduced from the number adopted in the known schemes from 15-20 to 3-4 in the proposed one.

At the same time, a significant part of the frame assembly is transferred to the factory conditions (in the workshop), which allows several times to reduce the complexity of the frame device at the construction site and remove expensive mechanisms from the construction site one and a half times faster.

Claims (17)

1. Prefabricated reinforced concrete frame structure of a multi-storey building, comprising a frame with frame structures, at least some of which include at least a column and a cross section made in one piece, while the cross section protrudes beyond the column part, characterized in that the frame the structure has an H-shape, while the joints of the vertical parts of the frame structure are located in the middle of the heights of the interfloor space. 2. Precast reinforced concrete frame construction of a multi-storey building according to claim 1, characterized in that the crossbar part is located at half the height of the column parts. 3. Prefabricated reinforced concrete frame construction of a multi-storey building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains crossbar elements, each of which is configured to dock with the crossbar parts of frame structures. 4. Prefabricated reinforced concrete frame construction of a multi-storey building according to claim 1, characterized in that, at least for part of the frame structures, each column part has two opposite end sections, one of which has a pin protruding beyond the end of the specified end section, and in the opposite section mounted sleeve protruding beyond its end with a reciprocal pin channel, while the pins and sleeves of all these frame structures are made with the possibility of entry of a pin of one frame structure into the channel g other frame designs. 5. Prefabricated reinforced concrete frame construction of a multi-storey building according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains elements of the floors, at least part of which contains a plate with at least three longitudinal stiffeners. 6. Prefabricated reinforced concrete frame construction of a multi-storey building according to claim 5, characterized in that the floor element is made with a width of not more than 2400 mm. 7. The prefabricated reinforced concrete frame structure of the multi-storey building according to claim 5, characterized in that at least for some of the floor elements, at least part of the stiffeners contains an insert made of a material mounted in the lower end surfaces of the stiffening ribs, allowing easy insertion into him fasteners. 8. Prefabricated reinforced concrete frame construction of a multi-storey building according to claim 7, characterized in that the inserts are made of plastic. 9. The prefabricated reinforced concrete frame structure of the building according to claim 5, characterized in that the plate is made reinforced with the release of working reinforcement, at least along the transverse ends of the upper belt of the floor slab. 10. The frame structure of the frame containing made in one piece, at least two column and bolt parts, while the bolt part stands for the column part, characterized in that the frame structure has an H-shape. 11. The frame structure of the frame according to claim 10, characterized in that the crossbar part is located at half the height of the column parts. 12. The frame structure of the frame according to claim 10, characterized in that, at least in the part of the frame structures, each column part has two opposite end sections, one of which has a pin protruding beyond the end of said end section, and the opposite end section is mounted with a sleeve protruding beyond its end with a reciprocal pin channel, while the pins and sleeves of all these frame structures are configured to allow the pin of one frame structure to enter the sleeve channel of another frame structure and. 13. The overlapping element of the precast concrete frame structure of the building containing the slab, characterized in that the slab is made with at least three longitudinal stiffeners. 14. The overlap element according to item 13, characterized in that it is made with a width of not more than 2400 mm 15. The overlap element according to item 13, characterized in that, at least at the part of the stiffeners in the lower surface of the stiffeners are mounted inserts of material that allows easy insertion of fasteners. 16. The overlap element of claim 15, wherein the inserts are made of plastic. 17. The floor element according to item 13, wherein the plate is made reinforced with the release of working reinforcement, at least along the transverse ends of the upper belt of the floor plate.