RU61980U1 - UNIVERSAL ATTACHED SEEDER OF EXACT POSITIONING OF SEEDS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the mechanization of the process of sowing crops, in particular to universal mounted seeders for precise positioning of seeds.

The technical result that can be achieved using the present invention is reduced to high reliability and accuracy of seed positioning by depth and distance when planting them in the soil, performing several operations in one pass, versatility, namely the ability to set up a seeder sowing any agricultural crops simplifying seeders.

A universal mounted seeder for precise seed positioning consists of a frame 1 on which a running gear with a rotating support on the soil is mounted, the rotating support being made in the form of a front support roller 2 and a rear support roller 3 with shafts (not shown in Fig.) And a scraper 4, consisting of wedge-shaped elements, which is installed with a minimum clearance to the surface of the rear track roller 3, while the shafts of the front and rear track rollers 2, 3 are installed in self-centering bearings 5 and leading stars are fixed to them hinges (not shown in Fig.), and in the transverse beam of frame 1 there are markers 6, which are telescopically translated to the working and transport position, openers 7 are mounted between the front and rear support rollers 2, 3, fixed to the opener beams 8 and connected to the mechanism 9, the openers 7 are controlled, the mechanism 9 consists of lifting hooks 10 with adjusting nuts 11, stops (not shown in Fig.) And a hydraulic cylinder 12, while the control mechanism 9

fixed at the corners in four hinged racks 13 with the ability to control the depth of seed placement. On the frame 1, there is a gear change box 14 connected to the seed metering unit 15, the latter being installed in self-centering bearings 16, under the node 15 there is a seed concentration tray 17 connected to one end of the vas deferens (not shown in Fig.), The other end the latter is connected to the opener 7, and above the node 15 there is a hopper 18 for seeds, while for sowing row crops with a row spacing of 40-70 cm, the hopper 18 is additionally equipped with removable guide rails (not shown in Fig.), forming the required quantities about sections for seeds, behind the hopper 18 there are five fertilizer devices 19, on the transverse beam of the frame 1 there is a corner 20 of the hitch on the tractor (not shown), removable parking paws (not shown) are installed on the longitudinal beams of the frame 1, and on the sides of the seeder a video control system is installed for round-the-clock operation.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the mechanization of the process of sowing crops, in particular to universal mounted seeders for precise positioning of seeds.

State of the art

A seeder is known which comprises a frame mounted on self-aligning wheels, a seed hopper, connected to the frame and pressure rods by means of horizontal transverse joints of the coulter leads, a lifting shaft, which is connected by a lever system to the hydraulic cylinder and pressure rods of the leashes, while the coulter leads are made in the form of a two-shouldered lever , on the free end of which, by means of a horizontal transverse hinge, a lever is installed with a groove vertically located in the longitudinal plane, in which a finger is placed laid across the frame associated with the drive mechanism of the rod, and the coulter lead coaxially mounted in the bushings that are connected with the horizontal transverse joints of the frame and pressure rods (see AS USSR No. 1304768, class A 01 C 7/00, publ. 04/23/1987).

The disadvantage of this seeder is the uneven distribution of seeds on the surface of the soil and different seeding depths.

A narrow-row seeder is known in which a single-disc coulter battery is mounted on the frame at an angle in the direction of movement of the seeder. Sowing devices are installed above them, to the shafts of which are attached half rings with scoops. The drive of the shafts of the sowing apparatus is carried out by a chain transmission from sections of disk coulters. When the seeder moves across the field, grooves are formed on the soil surface, into which seeds fall using scoops (see US Pat. RF No. 2160522, class A 01 C 7/00, publ. 20.12.2000).

The disadvantage of this seeder is the uneven distribution of seeds of agricultural crops on the surface of the soil, low reliability.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and adopted by the author for the prototype is a mounted seeder for precise positioning of seeds, containing a frame on which the running gear is mounted with a rotating support on the soil with fixed drive sprockets and a scraper, markers, coulters fixed to the coulters of openers , coulter control mechanism, seed metering unit, hopper and fertilizer sowing machines (see Karpenko A.N. et al. Agricultural machines. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1989, pp. 112-133).

The disadvantage of this seeder is its limited functionality, namely the inability to adjust the seeder for sowing any grain and leguminous crops, row crops, and vegetables, the inability to perform several operations in one pass, the low accuracy of positioning the seeds in depth and distance when planting them in the soil.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result that can be achieved using the present invention is reduced to high reliability and accuracy of seed positioning by depth and distance when seeding them in

soil, performing several operations in one pass, versatility, namely the ability to set up the seeder for sowing any agricultural crops, simplifying the design of the seeder.

The technical result is achieved using a universal mounted seeder for the exact positioning of seeds, containing a frame on which a running gear is mounted with a rotating support on the soil with fixed drive sprockets and a scraper, markers, coulters fixed to the coulters of the coulter rows, coulter control mechanism, seed tubes, assembly seed dosages, hopper and fertilizer metering devices, while the hopper is additionally equipped with removable guide rails, and the chassis with a rotating support is made in the form of front and rear its track rollers with shafts, while the scraper consists of wedge-shaped elements and is installed with a minimum clearance to the surface of the rear track roller, and the shafts of the front and rear track rollers are mounted in self-centering bearings and drive sprockets are fixed on them, and markers are installed in the transverse beam of the frame with the possibility of translating into working and transport position telescopically, between the front and rear support rollers are openers connected to the opener control mechanism, with the last it consists of lifting hooks with adjusting nuts, stops and a hydraulic cylinder, and the coulter control mechanism drive is fixed in hinged racks with the possibility of adjusting the seed placement depth, and the gearbox is mounted on the frame connected to the seed metering unit, which is installed in self-centering bearings, under the unit there is a tray for seed concentration connected to one end of the vas deferens, the other end of the latter is connected to the opener, a seed hopper is located above the node, behind the fertilizer hopper Suitable devices and laterally mounted drills videoapparatnogo control.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 is given a universal mounted seeder precise positioning of seeds.

In figure 2, the same lifting hook.

The implementation of the invention

A universal mounted seeder for precise seed positioning consists of a frame 1 on which a running gear with a rotating support on the soil is mounted, the rotating support being made in the form of a front support roller 2 and a rear support roller 3 with shafts (not shown in Fig.) And a scraper 4, consisting of wedge-shaped elements, which is installed with a minimum clearance to the surface of the rear track roller 3, while the shafts of the front and rear track rollers 2, 3 are installed in self-centering bearings 5 and leading stars are fixed to them hinges (not shown in Fig.), and in the transverse beam of frame 1 there are markers 6, which are telescopically translated to the working and transport position, openers 7 are mounted between the front and rear support rollers 2, 3, fixed to the opener beams 8 and connected to the mechanism 9, the coulters 7 control, the mechanism 9 consists of lifting hooks 10 with adjusting nuts 11, stops (not shown in Fig.) And a hydraulic cylinder 12, while the control mechanism 9 is fixed at the corners in four hinged racks 13 with the possibility of adjusting the embedment depth seed. On the frame 1, there is a gear change box 14 connected to the seed metering unit 15, the latter being installed in self-centering bearings 16, under the node 15 there is a seed concentration tray 17 connected to one end of the vas deferens (not shown in Fig.), The other end last connected

with a coulter 7, and above the node 15 there is a hopper 18 for seeds, while for sowing row crops with a row spacing of 40-70 cm, the hopper 18 is additionally equipped with removable guides (not shown in Fig.), forming the desired number of sections for seeds, behind the hopper 18 there are five fertilizer meters 19, on the transverse beam of the frame 1 there is a corner 20 of the hitch for the tractor (not shown in Fig.), removable parking paws (not shown) are installed on the longitudinal beams of the frame 1, and mounted on the sides of the seeder video hardware system control for its round-the-clock operation.

Universal mounted seeder precise seed positioning is operated as follows.

The seeder is operated in transport and working position. To transfer the seeder to the transport position, it is necessary to attach the corner 20 to the hitching system of the tractor by means of hydraulic cylinders 12, move the opener 7 control mechanism 9 to the upper position, as a result of which the lifting hooks 10, raise the openers 7, raise the seeder, and remove the parking paws. The seeder in working position is used for sowing in clean black vapors, as well as in well-prepared fields with a finely ground mulching mass. The need to achieve such soil condition is determined by narrow aisles (7 cm along the axes of sowing strips). In the working position, the seeder is translated as follows: lower the seeder to the soil surface, move the control mechanism 9 by means of hydraulic cylinders 12 to the lower position, while the hooks 10 are lowered, allowing the coulters 7 to copy the soil, the stops deepen the coulters 7 to the depth set using the hinge stands 13 The front track roller 2, while rotating, slightly compacts and levels the soil surface, the torque from this track roller 2 is transmitted through the gear change box 14 to the seed metering unit 15, turning it into a rotation proportional to the speed of the drill. Node 15 takes seeds from the hopper 18 and dumps them into the tray 17

portionwise, the last from the tray 17 fall into the vas deferens connected to it and then into the opener 7, which places the seeds at a given depth in the soil in a checkerboard pattern. The tractor moves along the line marked by marker 6, providing a rectilinear movement of the seeder and through two passes the tramline for a sprayer configured to capture 20 m of crops. The claimed accuracy of seed positioning in depth is achieved due to stability during movement, deepening the coulters 7 factors, which in turn became possible due to the support on rollers 2, 3, between which the coulter rows and their control mechanism 9, which is rigidly fixed relative to the frame 1 , and therefore with respect to the soil.

Depending on the sowing culture, the hopper 18 is additionally equipped with removable guides, forming the desired number of sections for seeds, depending on the row spacing.

The depth accuracy is higher the smoother the field. In principle, the accuracy with a deviation of ± 0.5 cm from the norm can be 100%, but for this it is necessary to achieve a deviation from the norm by the sowing horizon of not more than ± 1 cm at the seeder width. Experiments show that such requirements for pre-sowing tillage are quite achievable.

The actual deviation from a given distance of 4 cm between adjacent grains at a speed of 8 km / h and sowing winter wheat was ± 1 cm. This result is achieved due to the large discretization of the seed material. It should be especially noted that the solution to the problem of increasing the discretization of seed does not lead to structural and technological complication of the seeder, which positively affects the operational characteristics of the seeder in real conditions and does not lead to its cost increase.

Pulp sowing devices 19 form up to ten nutrient paths. The drive fertilizer 19 is carried out from the rear support roller 3, if necessary, after the rear coulter row

a tubular loop is installed (not shown in FIG.), additionally leveling the soil. Rear track roller 3, rolls in the crop. Chistik 4 prevents soil from sticking to the rear support roller 3 in conditions of high humidity, while the video control system installed on the sides of the seeder allows you to work around the clock.

Tests of the seeder prototype conducted on the field with a deviation of ≈2 cm along the sowing horizon showed that at 100% seed placement in the soil, the deviation from the norm in the depth of placement was 85% for seeds ± 0.5 cm, for 10% ± 1 see, for 5% ± 1.5 cm.

The invention in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- high reliability in work;

- high accuracy of seed positioning by depth and distance when embedding them in the soil;

- performing several operations in one pass;

- universality, the ability to customize the seeder for sowing any grain and leguminous, row crops, as well as vegetables;

- increase productivity due to the optimal, in terms of area of plant nutrition, the location of seeds during sowing;

- simplification of the seeder.

Claims (3)

1. A universal mounted seeder for precise positioning of seeds, containing a frame on which the running gear is mounted with a rotating support on the soil, with leading sprockets and a scraper fixed on it, markers, coulters fixed to the coulter rows, coulter control mechanism, seed tubes, metering unit seed, hopper and fertilizer metering apparatus, characterized in that the hopper is additionally provided with removable guide rails, and the chassis with a rotating support is made in the form of front and rear track rollers with a shaft There are coulters located between the front and rear support rollers, connected to the coulter control mechanism, the latter consisting of lifting hooks with adjusting nuts, stops and a hydraulic cylinder, and the coulter control mechanism is mounted in hinged racks with the possibility of regulating the seed placement depth while the gearbox is mounted on the frame, connected to the seed metering unit, under the node is a tray for seed concentration, connected to one end of the vas deferens, d The other end of which is connected to the opener, a seed hopper is located above the node, fertilizer machines are located behind the hopper, and a video camera control system is installed on the sides of the seeder. 2. The universal mounted seeder for the exact positioning of seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that the scraper consists of wedge-shaped elements and is installed with a minimum clearance to the surface of the rear support roller. 3. The universal mounted seeder for the exact positioning of seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that markers are installed in the transverse beam of the frame with the possibility of translating into the working and transport position telescopically.