RU56111U1 - RIGID DISC DRILLER - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to disk coulters for sowing grain and other crops. The technical problem to which the invention is directed is the development of a coulter having an increased penetrating ability on hard soils, which is relatively simple to manufacture and reliable in operation. The coulter contains a housing, two discs of the same diameter, pointed around the outer circumferences and located at an acute angle to each other, two rolling bearings, a nozzle for seeds made integrally with the seed guide, a reflection plate, a pressure spring and a leash. The axis of rotation of the discs is located in the coulter body so that the discs converge in the front part, forming a wedge with an angle (4-6 °). This leads to an increase in the depth of seed placement and allows sowing on hard and moist soils at an earlier time. At the same time, reducing the width of the furrow contributes to a better sprinkling of seeds and their better seeding, which increases productivity. In addition, the possibility of early sowing leads to less adhesion of waterlogged soil, which means less resistance to the coulter, which positively affects the performance of the sowing units and fuel economy. The manufacture of the opener body from sheet steel and the fastening of the axes of the discs by welding can save up to 30% of metal, which improves its maintainability.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to disk coulters for sowing grain and other crops.

Known disk coulter (Klenin NI, Egorov VG Agricultural and reclamation machines. - M.% Kolos S, 2004, p.77, 79), which consists of a housing; two flat disks mounted on rolling bearings and located at an acute angle to each other; a reflective plate, it is also a scraper; seed pipe; leash and pressure spring.

During operation, the discs rotate, cutting the soil and plant debris, forming a furrow into which the seeds are fed. This design allows the coulter to work on lumpy soil, but the wide and shallow furrow obtained during operation reduces the reliability of its work, worsens the quality of sowing. The disadvantage of this opener is a decrease in productivity.

The closest device for the same purpose as the claimed one is the opener (RF, Patent No. 2171563, published August 10, 2001, bull. No. 22), which is adopted as a prototype. It contains a housing; two discs of different diameters, pointed along the outer circles, mounted on rolling bearings and located to each other at an acute angle (11-12 °).

The coulter of this design on hard soils has a weak penetrating ability. The wide furrow obtained during processing increases the dispersion of seeds and leaves most of them unsprayed.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is the development of a coulter having an increased penetrating ability on hard soils, which is relatively simple to manufacture and reliable in operation.

The specified technical problem is solved in common with the prototype by the presence of a casing, two disks pointed along the outer circles, two rolling bearings, a seed pipe, a reflective plate (scraper), a pressure spring and a leash.

To achieve this result, the axis of rotation of the disks of the same diameter are located in the case so that the disks converge in the front part, forming a wedge with an acute angle (4-6 °), and the point of contact (convergence) lies on a line passing through the centers of the circles of the disks, which corresponds to the position of the coulter above the surface of the soil, ensuring the cutting of crop and plant residues, that is, within the point "n".

The limitation of the angle of convergence of the discs 4 ° due to the need to obtain a conical furrow. Exceeding this angle of more than 6 ° leads to an increase in the number of seeds not planted, and in all variants of plowing. Due to the angle of the disc solution in the specified range (4-6 °), the soil resistance decreases, the penetrating ability when processing hard (surface, zero, clay heavy) soils increases, which is confirmed by the experimental data shown in table 1.

Table 1 Plowing options The number of seeds not sprinkled with powder, pcs / mp Furrow width at the top edge of the soil, see Suggested opener Famous opener Suggested opener Famous opener 2-harrow dump plowing 5,4 8.6 3.8 5.7 Stubble Discoded from Autumn 2.9 11.0 1.3 2.2 Winter wheat in pure steam (seeding) 8.5 20.3 the width of the spread of seeds along the furrow, see 1.8 5.2

This leads to an increase in the depth of seed placement and allows sowing on hard and moist soils at an earlier date. The results of the field tests of figures 1, 2 showed that, along the trail of the proposed opener, the number of unseeded seeds was 50-70% less due to the smaller furrow width (~ 1.5 times), which contributed to their better sprinkling. Such a high-quality seed placement is one of the important conditions for the emergence of friendly seedlings after sowing.

In addition, the possibility of early sowing leads to less adhesion of waterlogged soil, which means less resistance to the coulter, which positively affects the performance of the sowing units and fuel economy.

Due to the decrease in resistance due to a decrease in the angle of the disc solution, field tests of the coulter at various speeds showed that the seed placement depth steadily decreased with increasing speed, which is confirmed by the experimental data shown in Table 2.

table 2 Plowing options Seeding depth at various gears of tractor movement, (see) 2 3 four 5 6 7 Suggested opener 8.16 7.96 7.85 7.76 7.58 7.07 Famous opener 7.60 7.19 6.47 6.07 5.90 5.57

The manufacture of the opener body from sheet steel, and the fastening of the axes of the discs by welding can save up to 30% of metal, which improves its maintainability.

Figure 1 - The spread of seeds along the furrow of the proposed opener;

Figure 2 - The spread of seeds along the furrow of a known opener;

Figure 3 - opener (side view);

Figure 4 - opener without a leash and pressure spring (top view);

Figure 5 is a section aa (figure 1).

The opener (4, 5) consists of a housing 1 with axles 2 and 3 welded to it with two rolling bearings 4 and 5 mounted on them; disks 6 and 7, pointed along the outer circles; a pipe for seeds 8 made at the same time with the seed guide; a reflective plate (scraper) 9, mounted on the seed pipe 8 with studs 10; the leash 11 and the pressure spring 12 (figure 3).

Axes 2 and 3 (Fig. 5), with disks 6 and 7 mounted on them, are located at an angle (4-6 °) and touch at the point “n”, which lies in front of the line passing through the centers of the circles of the disks ( figure 3).

The coulter works as follows.

Moving with a leash 11, the opener under the influence of its own gravity and pressure spring 12 enters the soil. Disks 6 and 8 rotate freely in rolling bearings 4 and 5 on axes 2 and 3, rolling over the surface, spreading the soil, forming a furrow, into which seeds are fed through the pipe 8, made at the same time with the seed guide. The cut crop and plant residues are discharged by the disk planes to the sides, the coulter is self-cleaning. After the opener passes, the groove walls crumble, filling the soil with seed.

Claims (2)

1. Disc coulter for hard soils, comprising a housing, two discs of the same diameter, pointed around the outer circumferences and located at an acute angle to each other, two rolling bearings, a nozzle for seeds made integrally with the seed guide, a reflection plate, a pressure spring and a leash, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the discs are located in the opener body so that the discs converge in the front part, forming a wedge with an angle (4-6 °). 2. The disk opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing is made of sheet steel and the axis of the disks are attached to it by welding.