RU45270U1 - DRY FORM OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ADDITIVE BASED ON ARTEMIA SALINA - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to biologically active food additives and can be used in the food industry, medicine, cosmetics and balneotherapy. The technical result of the proposed utility model is the creation of a more digestible (bioavailable) dietary supplement for use in food, together with medicines, cosmetics and balneotherapy based on Artemia salina cysts (eggs). The dry form of the biologically active additive contains Artemia cysts crushed to an ultrafine state with a particle size of not more than 20 microns and a moisture content of not more than 5.0 wt.%. The dry form of the therapeutic drug is a tablet made in the form f a monolithic disk-shaped solid made of Artemia cyst powder, or a cylindrical hollow detachable capsule filled with Artemia cyst powder, or a gas-tight bag filled with Artemia cyst powder in a vacuum.The tablet may additionally contain starch in an amount of at least 10.0 wt.% or starch and lactose in a ratio of 2: 1 in an amount of not less than 15 wt.%. The detachable hollow capsule is made of material melting under the influence of body temperature, for example, gelatin.

Description

The utility model relates to biologically active food additives and can be used in the food industry, medicine, cosmetics and balneotherapy.

Despite the achievements of modern science, the problem of deficiency of food protein, complex balanced in vitamins, mineral supplements and amino acids remains relevant. High-grade protein nutrition determines the quality of food. To maintain these indicators, food should contain not only the right amount of protein, but also the required amino acid composition. Studies have shown that Artemia cysts (eggs) contain up to 60.5% protein, 10-15% fat and 3.2 to 4.5 mg% carotenoids. The average calorie content of 1 g of dry brine shrimp eggs is 4.2-5.2 kilocalories. In the amino acid composition of Artemia eggs, the presence of 17 free amino acids was determined, including the essential Artemia is distributed throughout the globe. In Russia, it lives in salt water bodies of the coast of the southern seas, lakes of the Caucasus, Kyrgyzstan, Western and Eastern Siberia. The water area of the studied reservoirs of Western Siberia alone is 2.1 thousand km ² , of which 1.1 thousand km ² in the Altai Territory.

Known compositions of creams, ointments, emulsions based on the extract of crustaceans Artemia s alina, used in cosmetics for the prevention and treatment of skin and hair (French Patent No. 2817748, IPC A 61 K 35/56, 7/48, publ. 06/14/2002, )

Known anti-proliferative agent based on an aqueous or alcoholic extract of eggs (cysts) of crustaceans Artemia salina, which can be used in liquid form or freeze-dried (Application for US patent No. 200720071878, IPC A 61 K 35/78, 35/12, publ. June 13, 2002). The tool is proposed to be used in medicine and cosmetics for the treatment and prevention of skin diseases.

The disadvantage of the above analogues is that when receiving the extract from eggs (cysts) of crustaceans Artemia salina, a significant part of useful substances is lost, for example, vitamins, organic acids, essential amino acids, as well as such a useful product as chitin, which reduces the biological properties of the drug.

The closest technical solution (prototype) is a feed additive, which is used whole eggs of the gill leg Artemia Salina (L) in the form of a dry powder used to feed laying hens (RF Patent No. 2158519, IPC A 23 K 1/16 , 1/00; publ. 10.11.2000 g.).

However, whole brine shrimp eggs are covered with a chitinous membrane and can be absorbed only by the body of birds, which grind this product in the corresponding section of the alimentary canal. Using whole Artemia eggs as a dietary supplement in a person’s diet or as a component of a medicinal, cosmetic or balneotherapy drug is inefficient due to the poor digestibility of whole Artemia cysts in this form.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution (utility model) is the creation of a more digestible (bioavailable) dietary supplement for use in food, together with medicines, cosmetics and balneotherapy based on cysts (eggs) of Artemia salina.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a dry form of a biologically active additive comprising cysts (eggs) of Artemia salina, according to a utility model, Artemia cysts are crushed to an ultrafine state with a particle size of not more than 20 microns and a moisture content of not more than 5 , 0 wt.%, And the dry form of the biologically active additive is a tablet made in the form of a monolithic disk-shaped solid from Artemia cyst powder, or a cylindrical hollow detachable capsule filled with powder c Article crustacean Artemia, or a gas-tight bag filled with powder crustacean Artemia cysts under vacuum.

The tablet may further contain starch in an amount of at least 10.0

wt.%, or starch and lactose in a ratio of 2: 1 in an amount of not less than 15 wt.%.

The detachable hollow capsule is made of material melting under the influence of body temperature, for example, gelatin.

Studies have shown that Artemia cysts (eggs) contain up to 60.5% protein, 10-15% fat and 3.2 to 4.5 mg.% Carotenoids. The average calorie content of 1 g of dry brine shrimp eggs is 4.2-5.2 kilocalories. In the amino acid composition of Artemia eggs, the presence of 17 free amino acids, including essential ones, was determined. It should be noted that both the amino acid and quantitative composition of protein, fats, and carotenoids can fluctuate depending on the reservoir of production. However, the special value of Artemia eggs as a dietary supplement follows from the following: high growth rate of crustacean, high degree of food use for weight gain (up to 50%), high content of carotenoids and protein with a significant level of essential amino acids, high fertility (100 offspring for every 4 days), the presence of reproductive hormones that stimulate the maturation of organisms. In addition, crushed chitin, which is part of a biologically active additive, has useful properties of the sorbent.

Figure 1 shows a tablet form of the drug in the context. Figure 2 presents the encapsulated form of the drug. Figure 3 shows a diagram of a package with a powder form of the drug.

The tablet form of the biologically active additive is made in the form of a disk-shaped monolithic body 1 (Fig. 1), which decomposes under the influence of moisture, organic acids and body temperature in the gastrointestinal tract. The body weight of 1 tablet contains the following components:

Example 1

The ultrafine powder of Artemia cysts with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 5.0 wt.% In the amount of 2 g per 1 tablet.

Example 2

A mixture of ultrafine powder of Artemia cysts with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 2.0 wt.% With starch in a ratio of 10: 1 in the amount of 3 g per 1 tablet.

Example 3

A mixture of Artemia cyst ultrafine powder with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 1.0 wt.% With starch and lactose in a ratio of 20: 2: 1 in the amount of 3 g per 1 tablet.

In another embodiment (figure 2), the form of the preparation is a powdered mass 2 of ultrafine powder of Artemia cysts, which is placed in a gelatin capsule 3, which disintegrates under the influence of temperature. The powdered mass of 2 preparations contains the following components:

Example 4

The ultrafine powder of Artemia cyst with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 5.0 wt.% In an amount of 1.5 g per 1 capsule.

Example 5

The ultrafine powder of Artemia cysts with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 3.0 wt.% In the amount of 3 g per 1 capsule.

In the third embodiment (figure 3), the form of the preparation is a powder mass 4, which is placed in a plastic or paper gas-tight hermetically sealed and evacuated bag 5. The powder mass 4 of the preparation contains the following components (wt.%):

Example 6

The ultrafine powder of Artemia cysts with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 1.0 wt.% In an amount of 5 g per 1 packet.

Example 7

The ultrafine powder of Artemia cysts with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 3.0 wt.% In the amount of 10 g per 1 packet.

Example 8

The ultrafine powder of Artemia cysts with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 5.0 wt.% In an amount of 50 g per 1 packet.

Example 9

The ultrafine powder of Artemia cysts with a particle size of not more than 20 μm and a moisture content of 5.0 wt.% In the amount of 100 g per 1 bag.

For food and medical purposes, it is advisable to release the drug in the form of tablets, or capsules, or packets of 5 g. The drug is administered orally for 1-2 tablets or capsules, or 1 packet in the morning and evening for 10-30 days, depending on the state of the body.

Technology for the production of biologically active additives The eggs (cysts) of crustaceans Artemia salina are obtained from lakes in Western Siberia and repeatedly washed with fresh impurities, salts and low-quality eggs in fresh water. The wet product is dried in an air stream with a moisture content of not more than 5 wt.%, At a temperature not exceeding 50 ° C. Next, the powder is ground in a vortex mill developed by Vortex Technologies, Novosibirsk (RF patent N 2057588, MKI B 02 C 19/06, publ. 04/10/96), which is a gas-dynamic mill using compressed gas energy to accelerate the crushed particles of the product in a vortex flow to an ultrafine state with a particle size of not more than 20 microns and a moisture content of not more than 5.0 wt.%. As a grinder can also serve as a ball or disk mill or other technical means that provide the appropriate dispersed composition of the product without compromising its useful properties.

The resulting crushed product can be sterilized, for example, by gamma radiation with a dose of 10-25 kGy at negative temperatures (not higher than minus 20 ° C). Processing with gamma radiation is carried out fractionally with a break between the stages of irradiation. The proposed sterilization method allows you to completely inactivate viral and other microbial objects with maximum preservation of product quality. Sterilization can be carried out at the stage of washing whole Artemia cysts from salts and impurities, for example, detergents. Further, the resulting product can be used as a food additive.

Below is the data on the biochemical composition of the crustacean Artemia salina, including its eggs (cysts).

The biochemical composition of the crustacean artemia sauna

The value of Artemia is determined by its chemical composition, which is characterized by a sufficiently high content of proteins, fats, essential amino acids and fatty acids, vitamins, hormones, and other biologically active compounds. The composition and ratio of these components change during the ontogenesis of the crustacean. Being a good filter, the crustacean is able to accumulate large amounts of toxic substances that enter the environment as a result of human activities, which must be taken into account when using it as biologically active food additives (BAA).

The quantitative content of the main biogenic elements and their ratio noticeably change during the ontogenesis of the crustacean (see Table 1). Of particular note is the decrease in carbon content in nauplii during the development period at stages 1-4, which is explained by the processes of self-digestion of the mandibles and the specific mechanism of digestion. It was found that the carbohydrate content in the process of ontogenesis of the crustacean increases from 28.42% in cysts to 39.92% in nauplii and 35.99% in adults. The amount of nitrogen changes to a lesser extent, with a tendency to increase: 6.51, 7.82 and 8.54%, respectively. At the same time, nitrogen, which is part of proteins, is 32.69-45.10% in adults and up to 57.56% in nauplii. According to various authors, the nitrogen content in the sum of non-protein compounds varies from 16 to 54.5%, chitin accounts for 4%.

Table 1
The content of total carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus,% to dry weight Development stage carbon nitrogen phosphorus Cysts 50.75 6.57 0.57 Nauplii, stage: 1 55.60 9.21 13,4 2 27,50 8.09 1.24 4 9.70 9.05 1,59 8 45.10 8.76 1.42 eleven 44.40 8.41 1.37 Adults 42.90 5.23 1.15

It was found that the ratio of carbon to nitrogen and the percentage of nitrogen and carbon differ in Artemia cysts from various natural sources. The carbon to nitrogen ratio can also vary in cysts collected in the same body of water, but at different times.

Metals

The metal content in Artemia changes during ontogenesis and largely depends on the habitat of the crustacean (see Table 2):

table 2
The metal content in cysts, nauplii and adult individuals of Artemia (μg / g dry weight) Metal Cysts Nauplii Adults Iron 1860 70 1846 Zinc 125 104 0 Lead 17 3.0 0 Copper 14 9.2 0 Cadmium 0.09 0.12 0 Chromium 3.7 0.66 0 Nickel 4.0 0.09 0 Cobalt 1.6 0.14 0 Scandium 0.4 0 0 Antimony 0.5 0 0 Cesium 1.2 1.0 0 Rubidium 6.5 7.5 0 Calcium 0 0 2272 Magnesium 0 0 2802 Silicon 0 0 4211 Aluminum 0 0 6066

From the data presented, it is clear that cysts and adults have high iron concentrations. In nauplii, this indicator decreases.

It should be noted that the metal content varies depending on the reservoir, time of collection and stage of development of Artemia.

Amino Acid Composition

18 amino acids were found in the proteins of Artemia, the relative content of which changes during development (Table 3). The amount of free amino acids decreases in nauplii during the development period. However, amino acids such as proline, alanine, glycine, series, remain unchanged. The high content of essential amino acids is noteworthy: threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine and histidine. As you know, these amino acids have great biological value, since they are necessary for proper nutrition of organisms and the synthesis of proteins in them. At the same time, the highest content of essential amino acids was observed in nauplii as compared with the corresponding indices in cysts and adult individuals, which determines the advantages of Artemia larvae as an effective biological product.

Table 3
The content of total amino acids in Artemia at different stages of its development (%) Amino acid Cysts Nauplii Adults Cystine 1.6-1.8 1.0-3.4 2,3 Aspartic 10.6-22.8 4.7-14.2 9.3 Threonine 0.01 -1.9 4.2-9.5 4.1 Series 5.8-8.6 3.9-13.1 4.8 Glutamine 15.2-19.5 5.9-14.8 14,4 Proline 4.9-5.9 4.2-11.2 5.3 Glycine 4.9-6.0 5.2-13.5 5.5 Alanya 13.7-16.3 3.6-24.0 7.0 Isoleucine 0.01-0.5 0.7-6.5 5.8 Leucine 0.6-1.4 1,5-9,5 8.2 Tyrosine 1.9-8.5 2.6-9.1 4,5 Histidine 0.8-1.8 0.8-4.2 1.8 Lysine 1.8-2.6 1.8-10.1 7.7 Arginine 3.2-6.3 1.8-9.9 6.6 Valine 0.02-2.0 2,3-8,3 5,6 Phenylalanine 0,0-0,2 1.7-8.9 4.7 Methionine - 1,5-3,2 2.7 Taurine 0.01-27.0 0,0-19,8 -

Squirrels

Artemia is high in protein. However, this indicator also varies depending on the stage of development of the crustacean, the race of Artemia and its food (Table 4). The share of soluble proteins is 29%, insoluble - 71%, the ratio of high molecular weight to low molecular weight - 43% and 57%, respectively.

Table 4
The protein content in Artemia at different stages of its development (% to dry weight) Cysts Decapsulated Cysts Nauplii Adults 52.35 61.14 48.25 29.87

The protein content in Artemia cysts can vary in different years. In addition, for each stage of Artemia, specific proteins are characteristic, the identification of which is of great interest to elucidate their biological role and physiological activity.

Lipids

The lipid content in cysts, nauplii and adult Artemia individuals is presented in Table 5. During the period of intensive growth, especially on the first day, the lipid concentration decreases in the range of 10-20%. The concentration of fat in Artemia cysts may vary depending on the time of collection.

Table 5
Artemia lipid content at different stages of development (%, to dry weight) Cysts Decapsulated Cysts Nauplii Adults 2.96 25.57 15.25 7.64 Table 6
The lipid composition of Artemia cysts (% of total lipids) Phospholipids Cholesterol Free fatty acids Triglycerides Esters of cholesterol 14.6 10.6 3.0 59.8 12.0

An analysis of the lipid composition of Artemia cysts shows that the main components of Artemia cysts are triglycerides.

Of particular importance are Artemia fatty acids, which are part of lipids and determine their properties. The total content of fatty acids increases during the development of crustacean: Artemia eggs contain 490-704 mg of fatty acids per 1 g of lipids, in nauplii this indicator increases to 602-854 mg / g.

Relatively large amounts of essential fatty acids are contained in cysts, nauplii, and adult crustaceans - C18: 2co6 (linoleic), C18: ZyuZ (linolenic) and C20: 4 (arachidonic). Of the unsaturated fatty acids, Artemia is dominated by palmitic and stearic acids, of monounsaturated fatty acids - oleic and palmitoleic, of polyunsaturated acids - eicosapentaenoic, and in nauplii and cysts - linolenic.

Thus, the composition and ratio of lipids, and especially fatty acids, characterize Artemia as a valuable biological product. Carbohydrates

The carbohydrate content in the tissues of Artemia in the process of its development varies significantly (table 7). So, for example, in developing embryos there is a sharp decrease in the concentration of carbohydrates before hatching and with the subsequent development of the larva during the day. About 98% of the total amount of cyst carbohydrates, including chitin, is trehalose, glycerin, and a glycogen-like polysaccharide. Chitin supplements have sorption and preservative properties. Chitin protects the body from radiation; inhibits the growth of cancer cells; prevents the development of heart attacks and strokes (enhances the effect of drugs that thin the blood); boosts immunity; regulates blood cholesterol (helps with atherosclerosis and obesity); improves digestion (reduces the acidity of gastric juice, stimulates the growth of beneficial bifidobacteria); fights inflammatory processes; accelerates the processes of tissue regeneration (recovery).

Table 7
The carbohydrate content in Artemia at various stages of development
(%, dry weight) Cysts Decapsulated Cysts Nauplii Adults 7.76 11.05 12.80 20,2

Trehalose is an unreduced glucose disaccharide, accounting for 17% of the mass of cysts. It is an important respiratory substrate, as well as a source for the synthesis of glycerin and glycogen.

In Artemia cysts, glucose was detected in small quantities, the content of which is less than 1 μg / g dry weight. In low concentrations, lactic acid is noted, the content of which does not change during development. Up to 6% of the dry weight of adult Artemia is chitin.

High concentrations of essential fatty acids, reproductive, growth and adaptive hormones, vitamins, carotenoids, and essential amino acids can be successfully used in the food, pharmaceutical industry as raw materials for the preparation of biologically active compounds that restore metabolism and promote normal growth and development of the human body and animals.

Claims (3)

1. The dry form of a dietary supplement based on cysts of Artemia salina, characterized in that the cysts of Artemia crustaceans are crushed to an ultrafine state and have a particle size of not more than 20 microns, and the dry form of a therapeutic drug is a tablet made in the form of a monolithic disk-shaped a solid body made of ultrafine powder of Artemia cyst cyst, or a cylindrical hollow detachable capsule filled with ultrafine powder of Artemia cyst cyst, or a gas-tight bag filled with ultra Artemia cistern adispersion powder under vacuum. 2. The dry form of the biologically active additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the tablet further comprises starch in an amount of at least 10.0 wt.%, Or starch and lactose in a ratio of 2: 1 in an amount of at least 15 wt.%. 3. The dry form of the biologically active additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the detachable hollow capsule is made of material melting under the influence of body temperature, for example, gelatin.