RU35690U1 - Crop Harvesting Machine - Google Patents

Description

Crop Harvesting Machine

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for harvesting crops.

Known spike harvester containing a finger comb with a fixed knife at its base (US Pat. Germany No. 514541, CL 45 with 47).

The absence in this machine of a mechanism for forced feeding of stems to the knife does not provide guaranteed cutting of ears, therefore, it causes clogging of the working body.

A known machine for harvesting crops, containing mounted on the frame with an inclination forward, the longitudinal fingers of the stem lifter and the knives of the cutting apparatus fixed on them, as well as a slat conveyor located above them for dragging the stems between the fingers, the straps of which are not perpendicular to the fingers (USSR Auth. Certificate No. 9768865, A 01 D 47/00, 1980).

However, in this machine, the process of separating the grain part from the non-cereal is not effective enough, because the mass fed into the gaps between the knives varies significantly in volume depending on the yield and type of crops, as well as in its condition - wet, dry, different in degree of maturation. The machine mode, regulated in a very insignificant range only due to a change in the angle of inclination of the knives to the plane of the earth, practically does not take into account changes in the quantity and quality of the mass falling on the cut, as a result of which the mass is compacted into a bundle, the cutting conditions of which are worse than the loose mass, and operational and operational capabilities of the machine are significantly reduced.

The closest technical solution is a machine for harvesting crops (see the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2032310), which contains the fingers of the stem lifter mounted on the frame with an inclination forward, a cutting apparatus made in the form of knives fixed on both sides of the fingers with side cutting edges, on which notches are made, facing the vertices in the direction opposite to the movement of the machine, and a planar-blade conveyor reel located above them, on the slats of which are not perpendicular to the longitudinal m axes steblepodemnika fingers fixed blades, conveyor and capacity for grain of the plants.

To reduce losses by improving the quality of separation of the grain part from the stems, the fingers of the stem lifter are equipped with a drive for moving in the direction of the longitudinal axes of their knives. At the same time, the drive is arranged to move adjacent knives in the opposite direction.

The purpose of the technical solution of the proposed utility model is to further improve the known design, namely, optimization of the process of separation of the grain part of plants under any quantitative and qualitative conditions, height and height difference of the stem.

To achieve this goal, it is proposed that the drive of the cutting apparatus be equipped with a variator, with the ability to control the speed of the blades in accordance with the density of the stalk, and the lamellar-blade conveyor reel o - with fixing rollers and guides.

Such additions will allow:

-increase the efficiency of separation of the grain part from the non-grain part, since the cutting mode in the known design is regulated only by changing the angle of inclination of the knives to the soil surface without taking into account changes in the quantity and condition of the processed crop;

- to ensure a uniform supply of mass to the edges of the knives of the cutting apparatus, regardless of the difference in height of the stem.

The drawing shows a diagram of a machine for harvesting crops (side view) showing the operating status of the paddle-blade conveyor reel in two positions (position I and position II).

The machine contains a cutting apparatus fixed to the frame 1, consisting of a finger-mounted stem lifter 2 and movable knives 3, moving in the direction of the longitudinal axes of the fingers of the stem lifter, a planed-blade conveyor-reel 4, the blades 5 of which are not perpendicular to

(fcS) the longitudinal axes of the fingers of the elevator 2 with an alternating direction of inclination, the conveyor 6 for feeding the cut grain mass into the hopper 7.

The cutting apparatus has a drive 8 with a variator 9, allowing you to change the speed of movement of the knives 3.

The lamellar-vane conveyor reel 4 is additionally equipped with locking rollers 10 and guides 11 having a working zone S made in the form of a bulge directed towards the direction of movement of the machine with a radius R equal to the difference between the axle distance O - Oi between the front 12 and rear 13 pulleys a spade-conveyor reel 4 and a radius of the axis 15 of the front pulley of a spade-conveyor reel.

When moving the machine along the field, the blade-blade conveyor winder 4 feeds the mass of stems to the fingers 2 and knives 3, the reciprocating movement of which ensures that the notches of the knives capture the mass portions, longitudinal loosening and distribution of the stems along the blade blades.

If there are processes of clogging the interknife space with stems that remained uncut due to insufficient speed of the knives in a given mode, or premature cutting of the stems (below the ears), the speed of the knives is changed by means of variator 9 (increase or decrease), which determines the possibility of creating a stably optimal operating mode cutting machine machine.

In the presence of a relatively equally high stalk, the planed-blade conveyor reel operates in the mode of tracking the cut mass along the entire length of the knives (see drawing, position I).

In the case of a large difference in the heights of the stalk or the presence of both tall and lodged stems while ensuring the capture of all this mass and performing the necessary functions, accompany the mass of stems along the knives 3, and send the cut ears to the screw conveyor 6, the work of the planed-blade conveyor-reel 4 in the above mode (see drawing, item I) will cause repulsion of high stems with their removal from the cutting zone to the loss zone. The use of locking rollers 10 and guides 11 allows using the hydraulic cylinder 14 to change the height of the front axis 15 of the slat-blade conveyor-reel 4 within the working area S of the guides 11 with exceeding the height of the highest plants (see drawing, position II), while simultaneously capturing tall and low (or

lodged) stems and the remaining functions of the slat-blade conveyor-reel 4. This ensures uniform supply of stems to the edges of the knives 3 of the cutting apparatus, regardless of the height and height difference of the stalk.

Posted by: A.M. Biryukov

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Claims (2)

1. A machine for harvesting crops, containing a cutting apparatus with a drive fixed to the frame, a finger stalk lifter, a slat-blade conveyor-reel with blades located not perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the fingers of the stem lifter, as well as a screw conveyor and a hopper for the grain part of plants, the fact that the drive of the cutting apparatus is equipped with a variator with the ability to control the speed of the blades in accordance with the state of the stalk, and the slat-blade conveyor reel is equipped with fixing rollers and guides installed with the possibility of rolling along them the axis of the front pulley of the blade-vane conveyor-reel when raising and lowering, while the convexity of the working area of the guides is directed towards the movement of the machine and is formed by a radius equal to the difference between the distance between the front and rear pulleys of the blade-vane conveyor reel and the radius of the axis of the front pulley. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveyor for the grain part of the plants is made screw.