RU35054U1 - Sunflower Harvester - Google Patents

Description

Device for harvesting sunflower.

The utility model relates to harvesting devices that are hung on the inclined chamber of a known combine, and is used for harvesting grain crops, especially crops that have large losses during harvesting, such as sunflower.

It is known that sunflower is one of the most important Pancake week crops. In different regions of sunflower cultivation, various varieties are grown - from short / up to 1 meter / - to tall / over 1.8 m /, respectively, with different stem diameters - from 10 to 55 mm. Row and rowless sunflower sowing is also used. Different periods of harvesting sunflower in different regions lead to different weather conditions when harvesting rain, wet snow, wind and temperature - from plus 5-10 to minus 10-20 degrees. This leads to lodging, the engagement of plants among themselves, an increase in moisture as baskets and seeds, as well as sunflower stems. When you touch the baskets, spontaneous loss of seeds occurs. And all this leads to significant loss of seeds during the harvest of sunflower. These losses are also exacerbated by losses from restrictions on the ability to collect sunflower stalks that have died, as observed from the experience of known machines.

Known reaper for harvesting sunflower III. The header contains a frame on which are mounted window lifters, disk cutting devices with a counter and a screw with the opposite winding of spirals. Adjacent windows form a channel for moving plants. Pa

chain-mounted elevators mounted chain conveyors with stops and belt conveyors. In the opposite input of the channel part, a stem remover is installed. A horizontal tide is mounted on the stem remover in order to protect the stops of the chain conveyor and the knives of the cutting apparatus. A cutter is located under the cutting apparatus, located opposite the contradiction in the same plane with it. The drive of the cutting apparatus is made with the possibility of rotation of the knives in the opposite direction to the winding spirals of the screw.

The disadvantage of this reaper is that when harvesting undersized / and recently, undersized hybrids of sunflower / and dying sunflower are spreading, the loss of seeds increases due to the design of the stalk lifters. Belt conveyors do not provide 100% seed delivery to the auger when stuffed with wet snow. The mass hangs over the conveyor, and subsequent seeds are poured on the ground. The design with two drives is more metal-intensive, not reliable in operation and requires large energy consumption of the combine.

Another header 111 is also known. The header contains a frame with stalk lifters fixed to it, the covers of which form guide channels. Conveyors are placed along the guide channels for gripping and advancing the stems, and at the exit of each guide channel there are cutting devices. Between the guide channels are seed conveyors, made in the form of vibratory conveyors and mounted on the frame with an inclination towards the screw conveyor at an angle to the horizontal plane of 10-16 degrees. When the header moves across the field, the stems are sent

by stalk lifters into the guide channels, at the exit of which the stalk is cut close to the basket, and the seeds and baskets that have fallen are transported by vibro-conveyors to the auger conveyor, which feeds them to the threshing device.

The disadvantage of this header is the small angle of inclination / 10-12 / of the seed conveyor. Therefore, when harvesting sunflower with a short stem, the harvesting device should work as close to the soil level as possible, but for this it should be tilted forward. However, when the device is tilted forward, the angle of the rear deviation of the seed conveyors significantly decreases or even completely disappears, as a result of which the seeds falling out of the baskets can no longer slide to the auger conveyor.

Therefore, seed losses are significantly increased and harvesting efficiency is not achieved.

Another device for harvesting sunflower / 3 / is also known, in which the disadvantages of the above structures are partially eliminated.

The device contains:

- a frame suspended to the front of a combine harvester;

- conical-shaped stem lifters, mounted on the front of the above-mentioned frame and with a point directed in the direction of movement, separating the rows of sunflower and directing the stems into the guide channels;

- cutting devices located at the output of each guide channel and structurally made in the form of rotating cutting devices;

- seed conveyors in the form of pallets located behind frontally arranged stalk lifters in the area between the guide channels and used to collect the fallen seeds and their opposite direction; the aforementioned conveyors are movably connected to the frame with a tilt back, and the angle of their tilt is adjustable.

- at least one pick-shaking or vibrating unit, designed to shake or vibrate the seed conveyors or at least their moving part to feed back the seeds or baskets of sunflower falling on them;

- a transverse picking device with a catching chute, placed on the frame behind the seed conveyor and cutting devices, used to collect the cut mass over the entire working width of the chute and transfer the leveled mass to the inclined conveyor of the combine.

However, when harvesting seedless crops, as well as lodged stems, the tip of the stem lifter often rests against the stems and bends them to the ground. Also, the disadvantage is that at a high speed of harvesting, part of the hats flies over the edge of the device, as well as part of the mass entering the flap flies through the back of the frame, due to the absence of shields on the back of the frame. All this leads to an increase in losses of sunflower seeds during harvesting and leads to an unstable flow of the process.

The technical result, the achievement of which this utility model is directed, is to eliminate the above disadvantages, that is, the creation of an improved version of the device for

sunflower harvesting, which would allow to steadily carry out the technological process of harvesting sunflower in various areas of its cultivation, various varieties, under different weather conditions with minimal losses.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a sunflower harvesting device containing a frame suspended from the front, carrying stalk lifters, stalk conveyors, cutting devices (apparatuses), seed conveyors mated to the groove in which the screw is located, stalk lifters are made with rotating tips, and in the back of the frame there are shields for catching flying baskets of sunflower.

Mesh can be fixed on the shields, and the tips can be made in the form of triangles with concave sides.

To increase productivity and cleaning quality, the spirals of the screw opposite the receiving window are serrated.

Cutting devices and conveyors of the stems can be made with the possibility of adjusting the speed of movement of their working elements depending on the height of the stalk.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a sunflower harvester; in Fig 2 - the stalk with the tip of the pinwheel; in FIG. 3 - stalk conveyor; in FIG. 4 - seed conveyor; in FIG. 5 back of the frame; in FIG. 6 is a drive diagram.

The device for harvesting sunflower contains a frame 1, suspended from the front of the harvester and carrying stem lifters 2

(lifters) with tips by turntables 3, conveyors 4 stems, cutting devices 5, conveyors seeds 6, groove 7, screw 8, shields 9.

A device for harvesting sunflower is as follows.

Elevators 1 of an elongated shape with a tip-turret 3 in the form of a triangle with concave extra sides and with a copier 10 located below allow you to harvest the dead crop, as well as the crop sown without rows, excluding the bending of the stems to the ground, sending the stems into the channels between the lifters. The lifters are height-adjustable and can be folded back 180 for transportation.

Moving deeper into the channel, the stalks are captured by a conveyor of 4 stalks with paws and delivered to the cutting apparatus 5. The cutting apparatus 5 is segmented-disk, in which the gap between the segments of the circular knife and the counter plate is adjusted. For a clearer vertical bringing of the sunflower stalk to the cutting apparatus, the width of the channel-guiding bar 11 (Fig. 3) is regulated, depending on the diameter of the stalk. By vertically cutting a basket, you can leave less stem length with a basket, that is, practically cut one basket. This allows you to unload the thresher of the combine from coarse stems. The stalk conveyor is tensioned.

The cutting unit is equipped with a safety clutch. The speed of the cutting apparatus and the conveyor of the stems is regulated depending on the height of the stalk with asterisks 12 at a height of 0.9 - 1.4m, an asterisk of 13 teeth is installed on the transmission shaft, 1.4 - 1.8m - 15 teeth, over

1.8m - 19 teeth. This allows you to harvest various varieties of sunflower at high speeds and without loss.

The crumbling seeds fall on the 6 seed conveyors located between the stem-receiving channels. The angle of inclination of the back of these conveyors is adjustable and initially approximately 20 degrees. Depending on the yield, you can adjust the amplitude of the conveyor. Oscillations of the conveyor 6 occur due to the eccentric 13 located on the connecting shafts of the gears and transmitted through the beam to the seed conveyor.

Next, the sunflower seeds and baskets fall into the groove 7 located in the rear of the frame and located perpendicular to the movement of the combine and are captured by the screw 8 for collecting seeds located in the groove. The seed collection screw consists of two screw conveyors, the spirals of which have a reverse pitch. The auger delivers cut baskets to the center from where they were served by the stalk conveyor.

The auger is protected by a safety clutch and has adjustable speed.

The spirals of the screw opposite the receiving window 14 of the inclined chamber 15 have a toothed surface 16. The toothed surface of the spirals of the screw provides a continuous supply of mass to the inclined chamber, without creating its accumulation in the center of the screw.

On the frame behind the auger, just above the trough, but below the center of the auger there is a corner - reflector 17. Corner - reflector does not allow

mass fly up, and creates a directed mass flow to the receiving window of the inclined chamber of the combine.

At the rear, shields 9 with grids 18 are installed on the frame, which catch flying sunflower baskets.

At the bottom of the frame are 4 telescopic racks. When the devices are working, they are removed, used during storage, maintenance and when attached to the combine.

A device for harvesting sunflower allows you to harvest sunflower in various areas of its cultivation, various varieties with minimal losses of up to 2% at high productivity and requires minimal operating and maintenance costs.

Also, the device provides, due to the design of the lifters, the harvest of dead sunflower and sown with continuous sowing with minimal losses.

Effectively use the device in difficult weather conditions.

Claims (5)

1. A device for harvesting sunflower, containing a frame suspended from the front of the harvester, carrying stalk lifters, stalk conveyors, cutting devices, seed conveyors mated to a groove in which there is a screw, characterized in that the stalk lifters are made with rotating tips and in the back Shields are installed for the capture of flying baskets of sunflower. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the grids are fixed to the shields. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tips are made in the form of triangles with concave sides. 4. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the spirals of the screw opposite the receiving window are made with teeth. 5. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cutting devices and the conveyors of the stems are configured to adjust the speed of movement of the working elements depending on the height of the stalk.