RU2471332C1 - Reaper for harvesting rough-stemmed crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery industry and can be used in fodder choppers. The reaper comprises a frame 1, on which the dividers are mounted, at least four feeding drums 3, and transporting drums 5. The feeding drums 3 are located symmetrically with respect to the feeder of the harvester; they are mounted with the ability of rotation around close to the vertical axes and have several rows of gripping projections 4. The transporting drums 5 are mounted with the ability to rotate around close to the vertical axes between the adjacent feeding drums 3. On the housing of the transporting drums 5 the gripping projections 6 are located. In front of the transporting drums 5 the reflectors 14 are mounted, and behind it the guides 17 are mounted, which together with the feeding and transporting drums form the channels for passage of the stems. At the lower parts of each transporting drum 5 at least one clean-up scraper is located, and at the upper part there are stems removers in the forms of a face. The face height is the greater part or about half the height of the housing of the transporting drum 5 and which together with the feeding drums 3 and the guides 17 form the channels for passage of stem mass.

EFFECT: reaper design reduces power consumption for directed movement of stem mass through the transport channel.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to forage machines.

Known mower machine for mowing and grinding corn according to patent RU No. 2130246 (IPC A01D 45/02, prior. 08.29.1996). Within the working grip of the analogue, two gripping drums and two mowing drums are located in front of the average chopper with retractable rolls for mowed material, which can rotate around predominantly vertical axes equipped with protruding gripping teeth and located on both sides of the vertical longitudinal median plane of the machine. Along the perimeter of the exciting mower drums, guide walls are fixed on the machine, forming channels for transporting the mowed material, directed to the sliding rolls of the chopper. At the same time, exciting and mower drums are installed on the frame of the machine, on which dividers are also fixed, including the central one.

The analog device works as follows. A moving forward machine divides the stalk mass by dividers, captures it with the protruding teeth of the exciting drums and cuts it with mowing drums. The chamfered material in a vertical or almost vertical position along the guide walls is drawn into the channels for its transportation to the transverse transporting drums and then to the sliding rolls of the forage harvester chopper.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the high energy consumption for moving the stalked material and the violation of a stable technological process of supplying plant mass with transverse and inclined conveying drums.

The device that is closest in technical essence to the proposed device is a header for harvesting coarse crops according to patent RU No. 2311181 (IPC A01D 43/08, A01D 34/00, A01D 45/00, prior. 02/08/2006) containing a frame with a central and side dividers, at least four feed drums, equipped with several rows of gripping protrusions and placed symmetrically relative to the feeder of the combine chopper, mounted for rotation around axes close to the vertical, as well as transporting drums that are placed between the bottom of the feed drums with the possibility of rotation around axes close to the vertical, equipped with gripping protrusions, and the transporting drums are shifted forward relative to the supplying drums, while reflectors are mounted in front of the transporting drums with an offset to the center of the header, and guides are installed in the rear of the transporting drums, which together with the feeding drums and transporting drums form channels of directional transportation (supply) of the stem mass.

The device operates as follows. During the working movement of the header, the stalk mass is divided by dividers. Then it is captured by feed drums equipped with several rows of protrusions. The plants are cut off by the gripping protrusions of the feed drums having cutting edges and the counter-mounted on the frame, and in an almost vertical position are transported by the feed drums in the center of the header to the middle divider. In the gap between adjacent feed drums, in front of them along the header, transporting drums are placed. The latter rotate and redistribute the stalk mass between adjacent feed drums. Redistribution occurs in several rows of exciting protrusions, which are equipped with feed and transporting drums. In front of the conveying drum, reflectors are installed that reflect and guide the stems into the channel, and behind the conveying drum, there are guides, also guiding the stems into the transportation channel, which is also formed by the feed and conveyor drums, and along it the stem mass goes to the center of the header and then to the combine grinder .

The disadvantage of the prototype is the high energy consumption for moving the stalk mass along the channel and, as a result, the violation of the stable technological process of supplying plant mass in the channels formed by the guide, feeding and transporting drums. Violations occur in proportion to the increase in the working capture of the header and the number of transporting drums. In the process, in the upper part of the transport drum, winding stems and especially grass on the body of the transport drum in the area between the gripping protrusions located in the same plane due to the lack of mass removal, as well as loss of stems due to centrifugal forces resulting from rotation of the transporting drums, which nothing prevents to throw the mass of spectacular protrusions of the transporting drums beyond the header. In the lower part of the transporting drum, between its exciting protrusions and the guide, the accumulation of fine grass and small ears of corn occurs, which leads to clogging of the channel.

The aim of the invention is to provide a stable technological process for the supply of stalk mass by reducing energy consumption for its directed movement along the transportation channel.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the header for harvesting coarse crops, for example corn, containing a frame on which dividers, including the central one, of at least four feed drums, equipped with several rows of gripping protrusions that can rotate around axes close to the vertical and placed symmetrically relative to the feeder of the combine, and transporting drums, which are placed between adjacent feed drums with the possibility of rotation around axes close to the vertical and on the housing to There are capturing protrusions, reflectors installed in front of the transporting drums, and guides are installed at the back, which together with the supplying and transporting drums form channels for stalk passage, is additionally equipped with the following elements: at least one scraper is installed in the lower parts of the transporting drums, and in the upper ones there are stalk pullers, which are a face whose height is most or about half of the body of the transporting drum, and a cat rye together with the feed reel and guides for defining passageways for the passage after beating mass, wherein at least one of the scrapers is located below the lower row of the conveying drum body; removable elements are installed on the scrapers having cutting edges located above the contradictions mounted on the header frame; stalk reflector is U-shaped; guide elements are mounted on most of the reflector face.

These distinctive features can reduce energy consumption, ensuring a steady flow of the technological process of processing the stem mass.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 - reaper, General view;

figure 2 - header, top view;

figure 3 is a fragment of figure 1;

figure 4 is a fragment of figure 2.

The design of the proposed device is shown in figures 1-4, where the following notation is used: 1 - header frame; 2 - header dividers; 3 - feed drums; 4 - exciting protrusions of the supply drums; 5 - transporting drums; 6 - exciting protrusions of the transporting drums; 7 - scrapers transporting drums; 8 - the bottom row of protrusions of the transporting drums; 9 - housing transporting drums; 10 - removable element scrapers; 11 - cutting edges of removable elements; 12 - contradictions; 13 - puller; 14 - reflector having a U-shape; 15 - face of the reflector; 16 - a directing element; 17 - guides.

The inventive device comprises a frame 1 on which dividers 2 are mounted, including the central one, as well as at least four feed drums 3, equipped with several rows of gripping protrusions 4 and having the ability to rotate around axes close to the vertical and placed symmetrically relative to the harvester feeder, and also transporting drums 5, which are placed between adjacent feed drums with the possibility of rotation around axes close to the vertical and provided with gripping protrusions 6; at least one scraper 7 is installed in the lower part of the transporting drums, which are located under the lower rows of the gripping protrusions 8 of the housing 9 of the transporting drums. Removable elements 10 are mounted on the scrapers, having cutting edges 11 and located with a minimum clearance above the contradictions 12 mounted on the header frame. In the upper part of the transporting drum, a stripper of 13 stems is installed, also with a minimum clearance, located next to the body of the transporting drum. The stripper of the reflector 14, having a U-shape and located in front of the conveying drum, is a face of the reflector 15, the height of which is most or about half of the housing of the conveying drum. Guide elements 16 are installed on the same face of the reflector, guides 17 are installed behind the transporting drums 5.

The device operates as follows. During the working movement, the stem mass is separated by the dividers 2. Then it is captured by the feed drums 3, equipped with several rows of protrusions 4. The plants are cut off by the lower gripping protrusions having cutting edges, and by contradictions and almost in an upright position are transported by the feed drums 5 to the center of the header, to the middle divider . When this mass falls into the gap between adjacent feed drums 3 and transporting drums 5, in the lower part of which are located at least one scraper 7, which are located under the lower rows 8 of the gripping protrusions 6 of the housing 9 of the transporting drum 5, have removable elements 10 with cutting edges 11 and are located with a minimum clearance above the contradictions 12 having sharp edges and mounted on the frame 1, the stems are cut together, the cutting elements being removable so that they can be replaced in the case of blunting of the cutting edges 11. Rotating, the transporting drums 5 with scraper 7 are also cleaned of the accumulation of grass and small ears of corn located between the protrusions of the transporting drum and the lower part of the guide 17, and transfer the mass further. In the upper part of the transporting drums 5, there are 13 stem pullers that remove the stem mass from the body of the transporting drum 5 and are the face of the reflector 15 having a U-shape 14 and mounted in front of the transporting drums 5, and the height of the face is a large part or about half of the transporting body drum 5 and serves for the maximum removal of mass from the drum body; on the same side of the pullers, guide elements 16 are installed, which serve to direct the mass to the center, to the feed drums 3, in order to actively move the stem mass with the capturing protrusions 4 of the feed drums 3. The pullers of the reflector face 14 having a U-shape, together with the guides 17, mounted behind the transporting drums 5, and the feeding drums 3 form channels through which the stem mass is transported to the combine grinder.

The proposed header for harvesting coarse-stalked crops, for example corn, allows to achieve the purpose of the invention, namely: to provide a stable technological process for supplying stem mass by reducing energy costs for its directed movement along the transportation channel.

Claims (5)

1. Header for harvesting coarse-stalked crops, containing a frame on which dividers, including a central one, of at least four feed drums, equipped with several rows of gripping protrusions that can rotate around axes close to the vertical and placed symmetrically relative to the harvester feeder, are mounted, and transporting drums, which are placed between adjacent feed drums with the possibility of rotation around axes close to the vertical, on the case of which grabbing protrusions are placed, in front of the trans deflectors are mounted on the rotary drums, and guides are installed at the rear, which together with the supply and transport drums form channels for passage of stems, characterized in that at least one scraper is additionally installed in the lower parts of the transporting drums, and in the upper there are stalk removers, representing the face of the stalk reflector, the height of which is most or about half the height of the body of the transporting drum and which together with the supply drums and it forms channels for the passage of the stem mass. 2. The header for harvesting coarse-stalked crops according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the scraper is located under the lower rows of the exciting protrusions of the housing of the transporting drums. 3. The header for harvesting coarse-stalk crops according to claim 1, characterized in that removable elements having cutting edges and located above the contradictions mounted on the header frame are mounted on the scraper. 4. The header for harvesting coarse-stalk crops according to claim 1, characterized in that the stalk reflector has a U-shape. 5. Reaper for harvesting coarse-stalk crops according to claim 1, characterized in that guide elements are installed on the edge of the reflector.

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