RU2814299C1 - Agro-fire-fighting harvester-dirigible - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture in terms of implementation of agrotechnologies of precision farming. Agro-fire-fighting harvester-dirigible (AFFHD), which is a hybrid dirigible, contains equipment for precision farming and equipment for fire extinguishing. AFFHD also contains an auxiliary container and a container with a membrane nitrogen station, made with possibility of nitrogen separation from air and its accumulation in high-pressure receiver, next to which there is a replaceable container. Replaceable container contains retractable agricultural tools for precision farming, made with drive from container membrane station. AFFHD is made with possibility of supplying nitrogen from receiver through Laval nozzles with corresponding switching of container membrane station engine to receiver replenishment. In the auxiliary container there is a water tank and a fire-technical complex of Dudyshev’s electric protective strips.

EFFECT: invention provides environmental safety and resource saving in plant growing.

6 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The proposed invention relates to agriculture, in terms of the implementation of precision farming agricultural technologies, which ensures food security, as well as to the field of fire safety, in terms of the implementation of fire protection of farmland, peatlands and forests using atmospheric nitrogen, ensuring, among other things, environmental safety and resource saving in crop production.

As a matter of urgency for the creation and use of an agri-fire harvester-airship (APKD), as well as its prototypes, the following documents protecting intellectual property are used [1-9]:

RU 2766070 dated 02/07/2022 - regarding the use of a container membrane nitrogen station, a receiver and Laval nozzles in a fire airship, for extinguishing fires with nitrogen separated from the air;

RU 2751365 dated 07/13/2021 - in terms of supplementing the fire airship with instruments for agricultural technologies, placing them in the compartments of the pilot's cabin, and the equipment and necessary substances, in particular, water for irrigation and/or fertilizers, including their supply devices - in an auxiliary container;

RU 2662593 dated July 26, 2018 - regarding the use of renewable energy sources and electric motors for the operation of the airship;

RU 2652829 dated 05/03/2018 - regarding root application of fertilizers and irrigation of cultivated crops;

RU 2620830 dated May 30, 2017 - regarding the production of fresh water from atmospheric air and the generation of electricity by a wind-hydro-electric generator;

RU 2530397 dated 10.10.2014 - regarding the determination of the area of the self-heating center of the peat bog, by measuring the temperature in the peat using peat trunks-temperature probes and supplying nitrogen separated from the air through them into the specified area to squeeze out oxygen;

RU 2546027 dated 04/10/2015 - regarding the use of a lens-shaped hybrid airship, which provides the greatest stability during positioning and movement;

RU 2450857 dated May 20, 2012 - regarding the use of a container membrane station as a generator of nitrogen from air;

A.S. USSR No. 1621234 - regarding the use of Dudyshev electrical protective strips instead of mineralized strips against the spread of fire.

Recently, both in Russia and abroad, a new class of hybrid aircraft has appeared, combining the principles of an airship, an airplane and a helicopter: in Russia - “BARS” and “AEROSMANA”, in the USA - P-791, in England - Skyship. In China, the French company Flying Whales, together with the Chinese state-owned aircraft manufacturer General Aircraft Co., Ltd, is building a factory of LCA60T rigid-frame airships with a lifting capacity of 60 tons, filled with helium, the serial production of which is planned for 2021. Thus, airships become mobile and reliable aircraft with great autonomy, have high carrying capacity and weight efficiency, versatility of use and low overall cost, including the cost of manufacturing - 10 times cheaper than helicopters, and operating costs - 100 times lower. However, all aircraft (airplanes, helicopters, airships), with the exception of our inventions for the use of air separators, use water to extinguish fires, which, as a rule, is not available either in steppes or forests [10].

Food security and agricultural development in our country are associated with the works of academicians D.N. Pryanishnikov and I.S. Shatilov, and the latter is the founder of precision farming methods in crop production, which were theoretically developed and practically implemented in a number of state and collective farms in our country in the 70s of the last century, as “automated process control systems (APCS) in agriculture” [11 , 12].

Therefore, the idea arose to equip an airship with the necessary agrotechnical and fire-fighting equipment, which can solve all the problems of precision farming and fire protection of farmland and forests, and therefore, the inventions listed above, in which an airship with a membrane air separator, were chosen as prototypes (MSV) and devices for supersonic supply of nitrogen separated from the air, is complemented by the necessary technical means for solving agrotechnical problems of precision agriculture, and thereby optimizing crop production, vegetable growing, horticulture, etc., while maintaining the functions of detecting and suppressing fires in farmland and forests [ 13].

Thus, the essence of the method of integrating agricultural technologies and fire protection of farmland and forests in APKD lies in the fact that, in the method of farming and protection of farmlands and forests using agro-fire combines-airships for monitoring the condition of farmland and forests, as well as for performing the necessary agricultural technologies with precision farming in them and extinguishing fires, a hybrid airship of appropriate carrying capacity is used, which has the best resistance to wind loads and, therefore, positioning accuracy over the terrain, which allows, in addition to an auxiliary container and a container with a membrane nitrogen station, separating nitrogen from the air and accumulating it in the receiver high pressure, for use in fire protection technologies, place retractable agricultural implements (for example, a plow, seeder, reaper, etc.) nearby in a replaceable container, driven by the engine of a container membrane station and instead of tractors and combines, without damaging the top layer of soil with wheels, perform all precision farming agricultural technologies (for example, tillage, sowing, watering, harvesting, etc.), having the ability to interrupt the process at any time, when called to a fire to extinguish it, by supplying nitrogen from the receiver through the Laval nozzles with the corresponding switching of the engine ( diesel) container membrane station to replenish the receiver.

In particular cases, a container membrane nitrogen station attached to the supporting body, to the auxiliary and to the replaceable container of the mentioned airship, has a booster compressor that accumulates nitrogen in the receiver under high pressure (for example, up to 250 atm), which allows the use of at least four Pulsed Laval nozzles that deliver supersonic, adiabatically cooled “nitrogen shots” that will suppress and cool farmland and forest fires.

In another particular case, in an auxiliary container there is a container for water and a fire-technical complex of “Dudyshev electrical protection strips” for protection against forest and steppe fires (preventing the spread of forest and steppe fires), which block the spread of fire more effectively than mineralized strips, and also not require earth-moving equipment and can be used repeatedly.

In another particular case, in a container membrane nitrogen station there is a fire-technical complex for “nitriding” peat with the connection of retractable gas-peat-barrels-thermoelectric probes to the inlet of the booster compressor (to the low-pressure outlet), which allow not only to prevent and extinguish peat fires, simultaneously determining the profiles of peat deposits using the method of vertical electrical sounding, but are also used for root “nitrogen pulse irrigation”, as well as introducing fertilizers in solutions or in solid phases (powders, granules), which will dramatically reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil.

In another particular case, along the perimeter of the APKD there are wind-electric hydro generators “Shukhov”, which in total generate about 1 MW of electricity, condensing from the air using Venturi pipes and collecting up to 10 tons of water per day in an auxiliary container, which makes it possible to implement the mentioned higher irrigation without reclamation systems, and also, leaving the diesel container membrane station as a reserve, add electric drives (electric motors of appropriate power) in parallel with the drives from it, and also replace the airship engines with electric ones, thereby ensuring “infinite range” and “infinite duration” movement of APKD, as well as its “absolute environmental safety”.

In another particular case, depending on the mentioned agricultural technologies, the mentioned retractable agricultural implements with corresponding containers (for sowing, harvesting, etc.) are mounted in the replaceable replaceable container, and therefore it is located on the edge of the pilot’s cabin, which ensures visual control over the harvesting of agricultural crops, and also allows, without the use of trucks and without “losses on the roads,” to transport the harvested crop to the processing facility, and then return and continue harvesting, thereby sharply reducing overall costs and increasing the environmental safety of the complex of precision agricultural technologies agriculture.

Thus, the technical results of the proposed method are:

firstly, the possibility of equipping airships with any diagnostic equipment that monitors the environment and the underlying surface, which cannot be installed on a UAV and is difficult to adapt into on-board versions for helicopters and airplanes;

secondly, the efficiency of movement and the ease of “hovering and landing” of the airship when necessary when moving, without the use of “mooring building structures”, incl. for watering, spraying fertilizers and protective chemicals, as well as for organizing fire protection and fire extinguishing;

thirdly, the feasibility of safe and convenient (without parachute) “landing” of agricultural specialists and/or fire-rescuers with the necessary technical means anywhere along the airship’s route, which is impossible not only for UAVs, but also for airplanes, as well as for all helicopters , except MI-26,

fourthly, the possibility of round-the-clock patrolling and response to emergency situations along the optimal routes of the territories of all regions of Russia, including mountainous areas, which is not available either to existing means or to individual services (Ministry of Emergency Situations, Rosles, Agroprom) due to limited material and human resources,

fifthly, accuracy and efficiency in creating and maintaining, incl. in real time, a unified database of farmland, steppe and forest areas for all services (Ministry of Emergency Situations, Rosles, Agroprom, etc.) and Regional Administrations of Russia,

sixthly, reducing the cost of extinguishing fires on farmland, steppe and forest fires and damage from them, and on regular monitoring of steppe and forest areas not only in the zones of their active protection, and for agricultural days, when carrying out precision agricultural technologies on them agriculture, but also when moving in general, because the speed of air flows flowing around the airship (from 1 to 40 m/s) makes it possible to provide it with “renewable resources”, i.e. electricity and fresh water with the help of wind-hydro-electric generators, than to transfer the operation of special equipment and engines to “endless electrical power”, as well as to ensure the replenishment of the airship’s water reserves using atmospheric moisture, for “endless watering” of agricultural crops, but the main thing is to obtain the possibility of “infinite duration and range” of APKD movement, incl. for extinguishing fires with an “endless fire extinguishing agent”, which is nitrogen separated from the air;

seventhly, the emergence of such a system for Russia, ensuring its fire and food security.

It should be noted that a distinctive feature of the proposed solution for the use of so-called “renewable energy sources” (RES) is the use of a Shukhov wind power generating turbine, instead of a wind generator with a vertical rotor in a Venturi vortex tube installation.

Brief description of drawings

In fig. 1 shows a diagram of the layout of an agro-fire-fighting combine-airship; Fig. 2 - side view of the airship (inverted); in fig. 3 - front view of the airship (inverted), in Fig. 4 - view of the airship from below (with two receivers with three nozzles each); in fig. 5 - section of the Laval nozzle; in fig. 6 - version of a high-pressure receiver with 4 Laval nozzles; in fig. 7 - structure of a supersonic “nitrogen package” at a distance of 50 meters from the fire.

List of reference designations: 1 - dome of airships; 2 - cockpit; 3 - “Shukhov” wind power generators; 4 - “Venturi” fresh water generators; 5 - replaceable container with agricultural implements; 6 - container with a membrane nitrogen station (with electric drive and diesel reserve); 7 - auxiliary container; 8 - high pressure receiver with Laval nozzles.

In the method of farming and protecting farmland and forests with agricultural fire harvesters-airships to monitor the condition of farmland and forests, as well as to carry out the necessary agricultural technologies for precision farming in them and extinguishing fires, a hybrid airship of appropriate carrying capacity is used, which has the best resistance to wind loads and, therefore, , positioning accuracy over the terrain, which allows, in addition to the auxiliary container 7 and container 6 with a membrane nitrogen station that separates nitrogen from the air and accumulates it in a high-pressure receiver 8, for use in fire protection technologies, to place retractable agricultural implements nearby in a replaceable container 5 (for example, a plow, seeder, reaper, etc.) driven by the engine of a container membrane station and instead of tractors and combines, without damaging the top layer of soil with wheels, perform all precision farming agricultural technologies (for example, tillage, sowing, watering, harvesting, etc. .), having the ability to interrupt the process at any time, when called to a fire to extinguish it, by supplying nitrogen from the receiver through the Laval nozzles with a corresponding switching of the engine (diesel) of the container membrane station to replenish the receiver (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4). The airship is equipped with a dome 1 and a crew cabin 2.

Attached to the supporting body, to the auxiliary 7 and to the replaceable container 5 of the mentioned airship, the container membrane nitrogen station has a booster compressor that accumulates nitrogen in the receiver 8 under high pressure (for example, up to 250 atm), which allows the use of at least four Laval nozzles with a pulsed mode of supplying supersonic, adiabatically cooled “portions of nitrogen” that will suppress and cool fires in farmland and forests (Fig. 6). Figures 5 and 7 show the operating profiles of Laval nozzles.

The auxiliary container 7 can contain a water tank and a fire-technical complex of “Dudyshev electrical protective strips” for protection against forest and steppe fires (preventing the spread of forest and steppe fires), which block the spread of fire more effectively than mineralized strips, and also do not require digging techniques and can be used repeatedly. An electrical protective strip is a metal mesh of the required height (usually higher than human height), deployed along an object (house, part of a forest, elevator, etc.), protecting against an approaching fire front using a pulsed electric field from the corresponding installation.

In the container membrane nitrogen station there is a fire-technical complex for “nitriding” peat with the connection of retractable gas-peat-barrels-thermoelectric probes to the inlet of the booster compressor (to the low-pressure outlet), which allow not only to prevent and extinguish peat fires, while simultaneously determining the profiles of peat deposits by vertical electrical probing, but are also used for root “nitrogen pulse irrigation”, as well as the introduction of fertilizers in solutions or in solid phases (powders, granules), which will dramatically reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil. In this case, portions of water or other solutions, as well as solids under nitrogen pressure, are supplied through gas-peat trunks to the root zone of plants, to the place where plant seeds are planted, etc.

Along the perimeter of the APKD there are wind-electric hydroelectric generators “Shukhov” 3, which in total generate about 1 MW of electricity, condensing from the air using Venturi pipes 4 and collecting up to 10 tons of water per day in the capacity of an auxiliary container, which makes it possible to implement the above-mentioned irrigation without reclamation systems, and also, leaving the engine (diesel) of the container membrane station as a reserve, add electric drives (electric motors of appropriate power) in parallel with the drives from it, and also replace the airship engines with electric ones, thereby ensuring “infinite range” and “infinite duration” movement of APKD, as well as its “absolute environmental safety”. Wind-electric hydroelectric generators “Shukhov” are a device according to the corresponding patent with a Venturi pipe, where instead of a wind generator with a vertical rotor of small power, a wind generator with a hyperboloid-type rotor is installed, which makes it possible to obtain a power of 7 kW at a wind speed of 1 m/s. The flexible diesel drive of the membrane station ensures the operation of all retractable agricultural implements, but when switching to electric power, they are supposed to be powered from a separate electric motor, and the diesel remains in reserve, i.e. all drives from it to the compressors of the membrane station and agricultural implements also remain in reserve.

Depending on the mentioned agricultural technologies, the mentioned retractable agricultural implements with the corresponding containers (for sowing, harvesting, etc.) are mounted in the replaceable replaceable container 5, and therefore it is located on the edge of the pilot’s cabin 2, which ensures visual control of harvesting of agricultural crops, and also allows, without the use of trucks and without “losses on the roads,” to transport the harvested crop to the processing facility, and then return and continue harvesting, thereby sharply reducing overall costs and increasing the environmental safety of the complex of precision farming agricultural technologies.

Taking into account that the operating costs of moving an airship and its hovering over any place in the security and/or precision agriculture region are several orders of magnitude lower than the costs of other aircraft [1-8], and the nitrogen membrane station is an “endless source of fire extinguishing agent” from the atmosphere [2, 10, 13], which does not require the delivery of water or other fire extinguishing agents to the fire, the implementation of the claimed technical results creates not only a possible scientific and technological priority of the Russian Federation in the technology of extinguishing landscape fires [1, 8], but also has non-competitive quality in the implementation of precision farming agricultural technologies, through the integration of the proposed solutions, thus ensuring food, fire and environmental safety [14].

List of sources used

1. Belozerov V.V., Voroshilov I.V., Denisov A.N., Zubkov S.G., Nikulin M.A., Topolsky N.G., Belozerov V.V. Method for detecting and extinguishing fires in farmland, steppe and forest areas with atmospheric nitrogen // Patent for invention No. 2766070 dated 02/07/2022; application dated 08/07/2020; publ. 02/07/2022, Bulletin. No. 4.

2. Belozerov V.V., Denisov A.N., Katin O.I., Nikulin M.A., Belozerov Vl. V. A method for implementing agricultural technologies and fire protection of farmland and forests using an airship // RF Patent No. 2751365; application 11/19/2020; publ. 07/13/2021, Bulletin. No. 20.

3. Mavritsky V.I., Redkin A.V. High-altitude airship // RF Patent No. 2662593 dated July 26, 2018; application dated 08/17/2017; publ. 07/26/2018, Bulletin. No. 21.

4. Nikolaenko S.V., Burdin S.G., Larina T.N. Drip irrigation method // RF Patent No. 2652829 dated 05/03/2018; application dated 04/14/2017; publ. 05/03/2018, Bulletin. No. 13.

5. Biryuk V.V., Sheludko L.P., Gorshkalev A.A., Shimanov A.A., Belousov A.V., Gallyamov R.E. Device for obtaining water from atmospheric air and generating electricity // RF Patent No. 2620830 dated 03/09/2016, publ. 05/30/2017, Bulletin. No. 16.

6. Belozerov V.V., Voroshilov I.V., Kalchenko I.E., Maltsev G.I., Plakhotnikov Yu.G., Prus Yu.V., Oleynikov S.N. Method for preventing or detecting and extinguishing peat fires and installation for implementing the method // RF Patent No. 2530397; application 02/22/2013; publ. 10.10.2014 Bulletin. No. 28.

7. Golubyatnikov V.N., Penzin S.B., Kozlov O.A. Lens-shaped hybrid airship // RF Patent for invention 2546027 dated 08/10/2012, publ. 04/10/2015, Bulletin. No. 10.

8. Voroshilov I.V., Maltsev G.I., Koshakov A.Yu. Nitrogen generator // RF Patent for invention No. 2450857, application 2010135472 dated 08/24/2010, publ. 05/20/2012, Bulletin. No. 14.

9. Dudyshev V.D. Method of extinguishing a flame // A.S. 1621234 USSR, IPC A62J 15/00; application No. 4495847 dated July 18, 1988; registered 09.15.90.

10. Belozerov V.V., Katin O.I., Nikulin M.A. On the integration of modern high-tech agro-fire technologies // Modern high-tech technologies. 2021. No. 6 - 2. P. 239-247.

11. Academician Dmitry Nikolaevich Pryanishnikov (To the 50th anniversary of scientific activity) / N.I. Vavilov // Reports of VASKhNIL. 1938, issue. 23-24. pp. 3-6.

12. Agrophysical, agrometeorological and agrotechnical foundations of crop programming: Principles of automated process control systems in agriculture / I.S. Shatilov, A.F. Chudnovsky - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1980. -320 p.

13. Belozerov V.V., Kravchenko E.S., Nikulin M.A. On a new level of automation within the framework of automated process control systems in agriculture by academician I.S. Shatilov. // Student Scientific Forum 2023 [Electronic resource] URL: https://scienceforurn.ru/2023/article/2018032214 (access date: 12/16/2022).

14. Wind power generating turbine for domestic and industrial purposes [Electronic resource] URL: https://proctoctroim.ucoz.ru/prezentacija.pdf (access date: 12/16/2022)

Claims (6)

1. An agro-fire-fighting combine-airship (APKD), containing equipment for precision farming and equipment for extinguishing fires, characterized by the fact that a hybrid airship of the appropriate carrying capacity is used as an airship, while the APKD contains an auxiliary container and a container with a membrane nitrogen station, configured to separating nitrogen from the air and accumulating it in a high-pressure receiver, next to which a replaceable container is placed, which contains retractable agricultural implements for precision farming, driven by a container membrane station engine, and the APKD is designed to supply nitrogen from the receiver through Laval nozzles with a corresponding switching of the container membrane station motor to replenish the receiver. 2. Agri-fire-fighting combine-airship according to claim 1, characterized in that the container membrane nitrogen station, attached to the supporting body, to the auxiliary and to the replaceable container, contains a booster compressor that accumulates nitrogen in the receiver under high pressure up to 250 atm, and four nozzles Laval with a pulsed supply mode of supersonic, adiabatically cooled “portions of nitrogen”. 3. Agricultural fire-fighting combine-airship according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary container contains a water tank and a fire-technical complex of Dudyshev electrical protection strips. 4. The agro-fire-fighting combine-airship according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that in the container membrane nitrogen station there is a fire-technical complex for “nitriding” peat with the connection of retractable gas-peat-barrels-thermoelectric probes to the inlet of the booster compressor. 5. An agro-fire-fighting combine-airship according to claim 1, characterized in that along the perimeter of the APKD there are wind-electric hydro generators with a hyperboloid Shukhov-type turbine, which are designed to generate about 1 MW of electricity by condensing water from the air using Venturi pipes, collecting it in a container auxiliary container up to 10 tons of water per day. 6. An agricultural fire-fighting combine-airship according to claim 1, characterized in that in a replaceable replaceable container, depending on the required agricultural technologies, retractable agricultural implements with corresponding containers are placed, while the replaceable container is designed to be installed at the edge of the pilot’s cabin.