RU2751365C1 - Method for implementing agricultural technologies and fire protection of farmland and forests using airship - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to agriculture, in terms of the implementation of agrotechnologies of precision agriculture, which ensures food security, as well as to the field of fire and environmental safety and resource conservation of farmland, peatlands and forests, which are renewable natural resources. The proposed method for implementing agricultural technologies and fire protection of farmland and woodlands using an airship consists in monitoring the state of farmland and woodlands, as well as performing these agricultural technologies in them, an airship equipped with appropriate devices, equipment and substances for these purposes is used, which patrols farmland, peat bogs, steppe and forest areas. And to extinguish the detected fires, a container membrane nitrogen station is used, which, releasing nitrogen from the surrounding air, supplies it under pressure to the fire zone through the container’s lower receiver-cooler-sprayer, which performs phlegmatization, inhibition and cooling of fire foci, by squeezing air out of the burning zone with a stream of cooled nitrogen, which is provided by Azarov’s vortex modules and Laval nozzles. At the same time, devices and equipment for agricultural technologies are located in the compartments of the pilot’s cabin, and the necessary substances – water for irrigation and/or fertilizers, including their supply devices, are in an auxiliary container attached to the carrier body and the cockpit of the mentioned airship.

EFFECT: invention provides a new method for fire protection in rural areas.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The proposed invention relates to agriculture, in terms of the implementation of agricultural technologies of precision farming, which ensures food security, as well as to the field of fire and environmental safety and resource conservation of farmland, peatlands and forests, which are renewable natural resources.

Currently, monitoring of farmland, forests and steppe areas is carried out using helicopters, airplanes, satellites, and even a simple bypass of fields with measuring instruments. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that have appeared in recent years are beginning to be used in the largest industry - agriculture. Already in 2016, about 48% of commercial UAVs were used in the field of agriculture, and according to foreign forecasts, by 2026 this figure will grow to 80%. For example, in Pittsburgh (USA), Skycision is actively using UAVs and infrared technologies, both in the diagnosis of diseases and for monitoring pests of agricultural crops. The UAV operator takes hundreds and thousands of infrared images and then creates a detailed map with photographs. Moreover, infrared sensors are even able to determine the amount of chlorophyll in plants, and this is a marker of diseases - if chlorophyll is reduced, then the crops are affected. In China, UAVs are helping Chinese farmers spray weeds and perform work to increase yields, and labor shortages in rural areas are driving demand for such services. Today, Shenzhen-based DJI already controls about 70% of the global commercial UAV market, positioning its Agras MG-1 and Mavic 2 drones as industrial, and this segment accounts for more than half of the global UAV market (US $ 9 billion). And in the Indian state of Maharashtra, since the end of last year, UAVs have been actively used to create maps and irrigate farmland with their help. Also in India, flying laboratories are being developed as part of WeRobotics. Farmers learn to predict crops, take timely action at an early stage in the spread of disease, remotely probe, refine plot sizes, classify crops, map, plan harvesting, or pest control. Equipping UAVs, for example, with ultrasonic "scarers" can protect fields from birds and rodents, and spraying the appropriate chemicals from other crop pests. The use of infrared cameras and other innovations simplifies and accelerates the transition to precision farming [Ukhanov R.V. Drones in agriculture. Review of global trends [Electronic resource] - URL: https://vc.ru/transport/72705-drony-v-selskom-hozyaystve-obzor-mirovyh-tendenciy (date of access - 07.07.2020) -1; Rubin D.T. An ideal drone for the needs of agriculture [Electronic resource] URL: https://russiandrone.ru/experts_opinion/dmitriy-rubin-intervyu/ (date of treatment 07/06/2020) - 2].

At the same time, the "human factor" and climatic anomalies are the main causes of fires in farmland and forests. The real scale of forest fires both abroad and in Russia, as well as the amount of damage caused by fire has not been reliably established to date, since regular observations of forest fires are carried out only in the active forest protection zone, due to the limited material and human resources [ Topolsky N.G., Belozerov V.V., Afanasyev N.S. Fire protection of Russian forests // Technologies of technosphere safety.- 2010.- № 4 (32) .- 6s - 3; Tsvetkov P. A., Buryak L. V. Investigation of the nature of fires in the forests of Siberia // Siberian Forest Journal.- 2014.- № 3, p. 25–42 - 4].

Many countries, such as the USA, Canada, Australia, France, for which the problem of forest fires is urgent, have special aviation fire brigades, and Russia is no exception, since firefighting equipment based on aircraft in Russia has been used for almost 90 years: test flights for monitoring of the fire situation was carried out on two-seat biplanes U-2 (PO-2) since 1931 [Improvement of fire engines based on aircraft [Electronic resource] / V.P. Perminov [and others] // Fire protection in the service of the state: 1918 -2018: Sat. scientific. tr. - Ufa: USATU, 2018, p. 92-130-5].

Unlike airplanes, helicopters MI-8, Ka-32 and MI-26 with spillways (APU), the transport speed of a container with water is much lower and in case of fires in small areas or in mountainous areas, this is a fundamental advantage, since plums at high speeds, at heights exceeding 40-50 m from the earth's surface, the discharged liquid as a result of the oncoming air flow breaks down to the state of aerosols and most of it evaporates without reaching the fire source [5, Grigorievskaya A.O., Ivanov N. V., Vishnev A.V. Analysis of the use of aviation for extinguishing forest fires // Reshetnevskie readings: collection of articles. materials XVIII Intern. scientific. conf., dedicated. To the 90th anniversary of the birth of Acad. M.F. Reshetneva / part 1 - Krasnoyarsk: SibGAU, 2014, p. 351-352-6].

A common disadvantage of these methods and devices is the high cost of both the equipment itself and its operation. As a result, it can only be used centrally across the country or in large regions of Russia. At the same time, extinguishing forest and steppe fires with water using aviation is not only unprofitable, but also ineffective, since airplanes and helicopters constantly have to refuel with water, fly up to the fire site, pour out water and fly away to refueling, during which the fire flares up from new force [6, Kurakov FA Technologies for extinguishing landscape fires as a possible scientific and technological priority of the Russian Federation // Economics of Science. - 2017, vol. 3, no. 3, p. 214-226; DOI 10.22394 / 2410-132X-2017-3-3-214-226-7].

Known fire airship [Bikkuzhin F.F., Bikkuzhina E.F. Fire airship // RF Patent No. 2250122, application 2003127963 from 03.09.2003, publ. 20.04.2005, Bul. No. 11 - 8], equipped with a thermal ballasting system, which differs from the known one in that at least two airships are used to extinguish a fire, one of which, a fireman, is stabilized over the burning area, the other, a transport one, is used mainly for water delivery to the fire airship, refueling of the fire airship with water is carried out directly in the air, while the discharge of water from the fire airship is carried out in the form of rain and / or packets of water almost continuously.

Diving fire airship [Nikulin. S.E., Popov N.L., Shanin A.P. Fire diving airship // RF Patent No. 2573489, application No. 2014143819 dated October 29, 2014, publ. 01/20/2016, Bul. No. 2 - 9] became an example of the implementation of aerostatic aircraft for extinguishing not only forest fires, but also fires in high-rise buildings.

Recently, both in Russia and abroad, a new class of hybrid aircraft has appeared, combining the principles of an airship, an airplane and a helicopter: in Russia - BARS and Deltoscan, in the USA - P-791, in England - Skyship. In China, the French company Flying Whales, together with the Chinese state aircraft company General Aircraft Co., Ltd, are building a plant for LCA60T rigid airships and a carrying capacity of 60 tons, filled with helium, the serial production of which is planned for 2021 [Brief overview of hybrid aircraft projects [Electronic resource ] - URL: https://lenta.ru/articles/2013/11/16/ustol/ (date of treatment 03/06/2020) - 10].

Thus, airships are mobile and reliable aircraft with a sufficiently large autonomy, have a high carrying capacity and weight efficiency, versatility and low total cost, including the manufacturing cost - 10 times lower than helicopters, and operating costs - 100 times lower. However, all of these aircraft (airplanes, helicopters, airships) use water to extinguish fires, which, as a rule, is absent in the steppe and forest areas [3-9].

Consequently, an idea arises to equip an airship with the necessary agrotechnical and fire-technical means, which will be able to solve all the problems of precision farming and fire protection of farmland and woodlands [Prus Yu.V., Bituev B.Zh., Shapovalov V.M. Some aspects of the use of stratospheric airships in the interests of ensuring the safety of territories // Technologies of technosphere security. - 2010. - No. 1 (29). - 10 p. - eleven; Valery Belozerov, Mihail Nikulin and Nikolay Topolsky Nanotechnology for the suppression of fires in agricultural land and forests / XIII International Scientific and Practical Conference “State and Prospects for the Development of Agribusiness - INTERAGROMASH 2020” // E3S Web Conf., 175 (2020) 12007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017512007-12]. Therefore, an airship with a membrane nitrogen station was chosen as a prototype, which monitors and extinguishes farmland, steppe and forest fires with atmospheric nitrogen, and it remains to supplement this method with methods and means for solving agrotechnical problems, as well as optimize them [12].

In this case, the container for the nitrogen membrane unit (AMU) and the auxiliary container for agricultural technologies are the "1st floor" of the rigid suspension complex, which, due to their weight and size characteristics (dimensions of the container AMU - 6.0 × 2.5 × 3.6 m, weight - 11,500 kg; the dimensions of the container for agricultural technologies are the same, and the maximum weight is up to 22,000 kg) replace the necessary "mooring devices", and on the "2nd floor" a pilot's cabin with the necessary auxiliary functions [12].

Thus, the technical results of the proposed method are:

firstly, the possibility of equipping airships with diagnostic equipment that implements precision monitoring of the environment and underlying surface, which cannot be installed on UAVs and is difficult to adapt to onboard versions for helicopters and airplanes;

secondly, the economy of movement and the simplicity of "hovering and landing" of the airship if necessary when patrolling along the route, incl. without the use of "mooring structures", including irrigation, spraying of fertilizers and protection chemicals, and fire extinguishing;

thirdly, the feasibility of safe and convenient (without parachute) "landing" of agricultural specialists and / or firefighters-rescuers with the necessary technical means at any point of the airship patrol route, which is impossible not only for UAVs, but also for aircraft, as well as for all helicopters , except for MI-26,

fourthly, the possibility of round-the-clock patrolling and response to emergencies along the optimal routes of the territories of all regions of Russia, including mountainous regions, which is inaccessible neither to existing means, nor to individual services (Ministry of Emergency Situations, Rosles, Agroprom) due to limited material and human resources,

fifth, accuracy and efficiency in the creation and maintenance, incl. in real time, a unified database of farmland, steppe and forest areas for all services and Administrations of the regions of Russia (Ministry of Emergency Situations, Rosles, Agroprom, etc.),

sixth, reducing the cost of extinguishing farmland fires, steppe and forest fires and damage from them, and carrying out regular monitoring of steppe and forest areas not only in their active protection zones, incl. for farmland, but also the implementation of agricultural technologies of precision farming on them,

seventh, the emergence of such a synergistic system for Russia, ensuring both fire and food security.

Brief Description of Drawings

The drawing shows a general scheme of the method.

The essence of the method for the implementation of agricultural technologies and fire protection of farmland and woodlands using an airship is that a fire airship using a container membrane nitrogen station to extinguish detected fires, which, by releasing nitrogen from the surrounding air, feeds it under pressure into the combustion zone through the lower receiver -cooler-spray of the container, performing phlegmatization, inhibition and cooling of fire centers by squeezing out air from the combustion zone with a stream of cooled nitrogen, which is provided by Azarov vortex modules and Laval nozzles. In addition to detecting fires, it monitors farmland, peatlands, steppe and forest areas using instruments and equipment for agricultural technologies, which are located in the compartments of the pilot's cockpit, and the substances necessary for the use - water for irrigation and / or fertilizer for agriculture, including their supply devices - in an auxiliary container fixed to the main body and cockpit of the aforementioned airship, and differs in that, due to the weight and design of standard containers with the specified equipment, this provides landing and parking of the airship without mooring structures, and, if necessary, in an auxiliary container attached to the supporting body and the pilot's cabin of the aforementioned airship are equipped with special equipment with rescue firefighters and / or agricultural specialists, who can be easily dropped into the required place for organizing fire protection and / or performing agricultural technologies of precision farming.

If during the round-the-clock patrol of the airship, incl. if the container membrane nitrogen station consumes intensive fuel when extinguishing fires, refueling is necessary, then refueling can be carried out in the air using a transport airship, or using a helicopter, without stopping the process of extinguishing the fire and / or patrolling along the route [8].

Taking into account that the operating costs for the movement of the airship and its hovering over any place of the region of protection and / or precision farming are several orders of magnitude lower than the costs of other aircraft [1-7], and the nitrogen membrane station is an "endless source of fire extinguishing composition" from the atmosphere [3, Voroshilov IV, Maltsev GI, Koshakov A.Yu. Nitrogen generator - RF patent for invention No. 2450857, application 2010135472 dated 08.24.2010, publ. 05/20/2012, Bul. No. 14 - 13; Voroshilov I.V. and others. Mobile nitrogen compressor stations TGA - operational provision of hard-to-reach objects with compressed nitrogen // Drilling and oil.-2012.- №5, 2012, pp. 64-65-14], which does not require the delivery of water or other fire extinguishing agents to the fire site means, the implementation of the claimed technical results creates not only a possible scientific and technological priority of the Russian Federation in the technology of extinguishing landscape fires [7], but also has an uncompetitive quality due to the proposed integration of methods.

List of sources of information used

1. Ukhanov R.V. Drones in agriculture. Review of global trends [Electronic resource] - URL: https://vc.ru/transport/72705-drony-v-selskom-hozyaystve-obzor-mirovyh-tendenciy (date of access - 07.07.2020).

2. Rubin D.T. An ideal drone for the needs of agriculture [Electronic resource] URL: https://russiandrone.ru/experts_opinion/dmitriy-rubin-intervyu/ (date of treatment 07/06/2020).

3. Topolsky NG, Belozerov VV, Afanasyev NS. Fire protection of Russian forests // Technologies of technosphere safety.- 2010.- № 4 (32) .- 6s.

4. Tsvetkov P. A., Buryak L. V. Study of the nature of fires in the forests of Siberia // Siberian Forest Journal.- 2014.- No. 3. P. 25–42.

5. Improvement of fire engines based on aircraft [Electronic resource] / VP Perminov [and others] // Fire protection in the service of the state: 1918-2018: collection of works. scientific. tr. - Ufa: USATU, 2018 S. 92-130.

6. Grigorievskaya AO, Ivanov NV, Vishnev AV Analysis of the use of aviation for extinguishing forest fires // Reshetnevskie readings: collection of articles. materials XVIII Intern. scientific. conf., dedicated. To the 90th anniversary of the birth of Acad. M.F. Reshetneva / part 1 - Krasnoyarsk: SibGAU, 2014, p. 351-352.

7. Kurakov FA Technologies for extinguishing landscape fires as a possible scientific and technological priority of the Russian Federation // Economics of Science. - 2017, vol. 3, no. 3, p. 214-226; DOI 10.22394 / 2410-132X-2017-3-3-214-226.

8. Bikkuzhin F.F., Bikkuzhina E.F. Fire airship // RF Patent No. 2250122, application 2003127963 from 03.09.2003, publ. 20.04.2005, Bul. No. 11.

9. Nikulin. S.E., Popov N.L., Shanin A.P. Fire diving airship // RF Patent No. 2573489, application No. 2014143819 dated October 29, 2014, publ. 01/20/2016, Bul. No. 2.

10. A brief overview of projects of hybrid aircraft [Electronic resource] - URL: https://lenta.ru/articles/2013/11/16/ustol/ (date of treatment 03/06/2020).

11. Prus Yu.V., Bituev B.Zh., Shapovalov V.M. Some aspects of the use of stratospheric airships in the interests of ensuring the safety of territories // Technologies of technosphere security. - 2010. - No. 1 (29). - 10 p.

12. Valery Belozerov, Mihail Nikulin and Nikolay Topolsky Nanotechnology for the suppression of fires in agricultural land and forests / XIII International Scientific and Practical Conference “State and Prospects for the Development of Agribusiness - INTERAGROMASH 2020” // E3S Web Conf., 175 ( 2020) 12007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017512007.

13. Voroshilov I.V., Maltsev G.I., Koshakov A.Yu. Nitrogen generator - RF patent for invention No. 2450857, application 2010135472 dated 08.24.2010, publ. 05/20/2012, Bul. No. 14.

14. Voroshilov I.V. etc. Mobile nitrogen compressor stations TGA - operational provision of hard-to-reach objects with compressed nitrogen // Drilling and oil.-2012.- №5, 2012, pp. 64-65.

Claims (3)

1. A method of implementing agricultural technologies and fire protection of farmland and woodlands using an airship, which consists in the fact that an airship using a container membrane nitrogen station to extinguish detected fires, which, by releasing nitrogen from the ambient air, supplies it under pressure to the combustion zone through the lower receiver-cooler-sprayer of the container, performing phlegmatization, inhibition and cooling of fire centers by squeezing out air from the combustion zone with a stream of cooled nitrogen, which is provided by Azarov vortex modules and Laval nozzles, while detecting fires and monitoring farmland, peatlands, steppe and forest areas is carried out with the help of instruments and equipment for agricultural technologies, which are located in the compartments of the pilot's cabin, and the substances necessary for the application - water for irrigation, fertilizers for agriculture, including their supply devices - in an auxiliary container attached to the carrier body and the pilot's cabin of the airship. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the container membrane nitrogen station is fixed to the supporting body, the pilot's cabin and to the auxiliary container of the said airship, which, due to the weight and design of standard containers with the specified equipment, ensures the landing and parking of the airship without mooring structures ... 3. The method according to PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that in the auxiliary container, fixed to the main body and the pilot's cabin of the said airship, there is a special technique with firefighters-rescuers and / or agricultural specialists, who are dropped into the required place, for organizing fire protection and / or performing agricultural technologies of precision farming ...

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