RU2250122C1 - Fire airship - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting technique; extinguishing large-scale fires.

SUBSTANCE: proposed fire airship includes disk-shaped aerostatic body, power plants with variable thrust vector, crew cabin with control system, landing gear and mooring arrangement. Body consists of upper and lower elastic convex envelopes whose edges are secured on frame which is closed over perimeter ; this frame is connected with tubular member by means of rigid radial beams forming the central compartment; said tubular member is located along vertical axis of aerostatic body whose cavity is divided by inclined gas-tight membrane into lighter-than-air compartment containing the bottles charged with this gas and thermal ballasting compartment located under first one. Upper and lower convex envelopes are provided with upper load-bearing ring secured on end face of tubular member and lower load-bearing ring with sleeve forming the cargo compartment. Inner and outer edges of gas-tight membrane are secured respectively on closed frame and on lower load-bearing ring which is connected with closed frame and with rigid tubular member by means of longitudinally rigid members. Water tank installed in cargo compartment is connected by means of flexible hose with pipe mounted coaxially relative to rigid tubular member; pipe terminates in funnel secured on upper load-bearing ring. Water tank is provided with outlet pipe for forming water packs dropped onto burning site.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of fire-fighting.

4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fire fighting equipment and can be used to extinguish fires, as well as to limit the possibility of the spread of fire, and it is especially effective in large-scale disasters, namely when extinguishing forest, steppe fires and fires in remote mountain areas.

Known methods of extinguishing fires using aircraft [Firefighting, No. 1, 2. 2003]: aircraft and helicopters, in particular AN - 32P. With a full refueling extinguishing composition of two tanks with a total capacity of 8 tons at a speed of 240-260 km / h, spraying the composition at an altitude of 40-50 m, the aircraft allows you to create a protective strip with a length of up to 160 m and a width of up to 35 m. Two such aircraft were used for extinguishing Alpine forest fire near Yalta in 1993. About 100 sorties took place.

A known method of extinguishing a fire using more modern aircraft BE - 12P - 200 [1].

In planing mode, the aircraft refills its six-ton containers with water for 14-16 seconds, including on a wave height of up to 0.8 meters.

Such an aircraft was successfully operated during fire fighting in the Krasnodar and Khabarovsk Territories, Ivanovo and Rostov Regions, in the Stavropol Territory. The power plant and the design of AI-20D turboprop engines allows the aircraft to be operated in hot climatic conditions - at air temperatures up to + 45 ° С.

The BE-200P fire-fighting aircraft, built in 1997 (one of four modifications of the BE-200), is capable of taking on board up to 12 tons of water. Water intake is carried out in the same way as in the BE-12P-200 in planing mode in just 12 seconds. The plane is very economical - for one fueling it is able to bring down 320 tons of water to the fire.

However, the disadvantage of these methods and devices is the very significant complexity of aerobatics.

Another disadvantage is that there are not always reservoirs near fires that allow water to be taken in planing mode.

And finally, the main disadvantage of these methods and devices is the high cost of both the equipment itself and its operation. As a result, it can only be used centrally on a national scale or in large federation republics.

A known method of extinguishing a fire using a controlled aircraft - an airship [Patent RU No. 2098318, IPC B 64 V 1/08, 1/58, 1997, p.13]. The transported cargo, including water, can be loaded without landing the aircraft on a water surface.

Known controlled aerostatic airship-airship [French Patent No. 2286754, IPC B 64 V 1/00, 1976], comprising a rigid frame, landing gear, soft balloons filled with gas lighter than air, a power plant, controls, a device for lifting and / or suspension cargo, mooring devices and a gondola of management. This aircraft is a semi-rigid controlled aerostatic device with an outer shell-cylinder arrangement of a rigid chassis frame that is lighter than air filled with gas. The chassis frame is made in the form of a pyramidal design, in its lower part ending with struts-supports. The design of the chassis frame allows loading and unloading operations with compact loads of heavy weight. The presence of soft cylinders filled with gas lighter than air, along with the presence of a power plant, controls and ballast system, allows, in addition, to carry the cargo.

Also known is a controlled aerostatic aircraft [Results of Science and Technology, Series “Air Transport”, Volume 18, Moscow: VINITI, 1989, GD Aralov et al., “Using Modern Aerostatic Aircraft”, p.85 and 86 ], which is an airship of a rigid system with a disk-shaped body, including a thermal ballasting system. The power base of the aircraft body is a rigid frame, which includes a rigid power central compartment made in the form of a regular hexagonal truss, a rigid power annular peripheral farm and rigidly fastening the aforementioned central compartment and peripheral farm, six partition farms. The outer contour of the aircraft is formed by rigid spatial elements of regular hexagonal shape. The outer shell is made of gas-tight woven material. Gas lighter than air is placed in cylinders. There is a cavity filled with heated gas. The power plant includes turboprop engines with a variable thrust vector. At the bottom of the central compartment is the cargo compartment. Landing devices are made in the form of a chassis mounted on rigid truss partition walls.

Closest to the proposed devices is a controllable aircraft — an airship containing a disk-shaped aerostatic hull made of upper and lower elastic convex shells, the edges of which are mounted on a frame that is closed along the perimeter and made from sections that contact at the ends and are connected by rigid radial beams with a rigid tubular element forming the central compartment and placed along the vertical axis of the aerostatic body, the cavity of which is divided by a partition into a gas compartment lighter than air with cylinders, filled the latter, and the thermal ballasting compartment located below it, power plants with a varying thrust vector, a crew nacelle with a chassis control system, devices for lifting and securing loads and a mooring device, while it is equipped with horizontal bow and mounted on a closed frame stern with aerodynamic controls for stabilizers and at least three retractable struts-supports with meshes located at an angle of 15-30 ° to the vertical axis of the aerostatic body by release and return to the initial position and lock-locks of their predetermined position, the upper and lower convex shells are made with the upper, fixed on the end of the tubular element and the lower with the glass forming the cargo compartment glass rings, the partition is made in the form of an inclined gas-tight membrane, the outer and the inner edges of which are fixed on a closed frame and a lower power ring connected by means of longitudinally rigid elements of adjustable length with a closed frame, while the motors of the power units novices are installed on horizontal stabilizers, and the glass of the lower power ring is additionally connected by means of longitudinally rigid elements of adjustable length with a rigid tubular element, the height of which does not exceed half the height of the aerostatic body, equal to 0.25-0.5 of its diameter, and the maximum length of each rack is the support exceeds half the height of the aerostatic hull [Patent RU No. 2098318, IPC B 64 V 1/08, 1/58, 1997].

Airships are mobile and reliable with a sufficiently large autonomy, have a high carrying capacity and weight return, versatility of use and a fairly low total cost, including both manufacturing cost and operating costs.

The objective of the invention is to further increase the effectiveness of the method of extinguishing a fire using controlled airships-airships.

The objective of the invention is to improve the design of guided aircraft, airships designed to implement a more effective method of extinguishing a fire.

The problem is solved by a fire extinguishing method using a controlled aircraft, which is an airship equipped with a thermal ballasting system, which differs from the known one in that at least two airships are used to extinguish a fire, one of which, a firefighter, is stabilized over a burning area , another, transportation, is used mainly for delivering water to a fire airship, filling a fire airship with water is carried out directly in the air, while m discharge of water from a fire airship is carried out in the form of rain and / or packets of water.

The problem is also solved if, when extinguishing large fires, the number of transport airships is chosen to ensure the discharge of water from the fire airship in continuous mode during the fire fighting time.

The problem is solved in part of the device when the controlled aircraft for carrying out the method of extinguishing a fire - a transport airship, contains a disk-shaped aerostatic hull from the upper and lower elastic convex shells, the edges of which are fixed on a frame that is closed around the perimeter from the contacting ends of the sections connected by rigid radial beams with forming a central compartment by a rigid tubular element placed along the vertical axis of the aerostatic body, the cavity of which is divided a partition in the form of an inclined gas-tight membrane on the gas compartment is lighter than air with cylinders filled with the latter, and the thermal ballasting compartment located under it, in addition, the upper and lower convex shells are made with the upper fixed to the end of the tubular element and the lower with the glass forming the cargo compartment power rings, while the outer and inner edges of the gas-tight membrane are fixed on a closed frame and the lower power ring connected by means of longitudinally rigid elements and a rigid tubular element, as well as power plants with a varying thrust vector, a crew cabin with a control system, a chassis and a mooring device, and differs from the known one in that there is a water tank in the cargo compartment, with a central part in the bottom an opening equipped with an automatically opening shutter with a nozzle.

A controlled aircraft differs from the known one in that the water tank in the bottom has several openings equipped with valves that can be opened when the tank is immersed in water.

The problem in view of the device is solved when the controlled aircraft for implementing the fire extinguishing method - a fire airship (first embodiment), contains a disk-shaped aerostatic body from the upper and lower elastic convex shells, the edges of which are fixed on a frame that is closed around the perimeter from the sections that contact with the ends, connected by rigid radial beams with a rigid tubular element forming the central compartment, placed along the vertical axis of the aerostatic body, the cavity It is divided by a partition in the form of an inclined gas-tight membrane into a gas compartment lighter than air with cylinders filled with the latter, and a thermal ballasting compartment located beneath it, in addition, the upper and lower convex shells are made with an upper, fixed at the end of the tubular element, and a lower one with a cargo compartment with a glass with power rings, while the outer and inner edges of the gas-tight membrane are mounted respectively on a closed frame and lower power ring connected by longitudinal It consists of only rigid elements with a closed frame and a rigid tubular element, as well as power plants with a variable thrust vector, a crew cabin with a control system, a chassis and a mooring device, and differs from the known one in that a water tank is installed in the cargo compartment, the upper part is connected by a flexible hose to a pipe installed coaxially to the rigid tubular element, ending with a funnel mounted on the upper power ring, in addition, the water tank is divided into sections connected by pipes to sprinkle Noah frame suspended under the load compartment.

The problem in view of the device is solved when the controlled aircraft for implementing the fire extinguishing method - a fire airship (second embodiment), contains a disk-shaped aerostatic body from the upper and lower elastic convex shells, the edges of which are fixed on a frame that is closed around the perimeter from the sections that contact with the ends, connected by rigid radial beams with a rigid tubular element forming the central compartment, placed along the vertical axis of the aerostatic body, the cavity It is divided by a partition in the form of an inclined gas-tight membrane into a gas compartment lighter than air with cylinders filled with the latter, and a thermal ballasting compartment located beneath it, in addition, the upper and lower convex shells are made with an upper fixed to the end of the tubular element and the lower one forming a cargo compartment with a glass with power rings, while the outer and inner edges of the gas-tight membrane are mounted respectively on a closed frame and lower power ring connected by longitudinal It consists of only rigid elements with a closed frame and a rigid tubular element, as well as power plants with a variable thrust vector, a crew cabin with a control system, a chassis and a mooring device, and differs from the known one in that a water tank is installed in the cargo compartment, the upper part is connected by a flexible hose to a pipe mounted coaxially to the rigid tubular element, ending with a funnel mounted on the upper power ring, in addition, the water tank is equipped with an outlet pipe, which is part of the device Twa for the formation of packages of water located in the cargo compartment.

A controllable aircraft - a fire airship (second embodiment) differs from the well-known one in that in the lower part of the cargo compartment there is a receiving chamber for ready-made water bags equipped with an opening hatch.

A controlled aircraft - a fire airship (second embodiment) differs from the known one in that the outlet pipe is equipped with a valve - dispenser associated with controls.

A controlled aircraft - a fire airship (second embodiment) also differs from the known one in that the device for forming packages with water includes a roll holder with a polyethylene tape, a mechanism for forming a sleeve, a mechanism for forming a longitudinal seam, a mechanism for forming transverse seams and cutting the finished package.

The problem is solved by the totality of the features of the proposed method. The use of controlled airships equipped with a thermal ballasting system ensures their mobility and accurate installation relative to each other in the air. The transport airship is designed to transport water to fire airships. Their number is chosen to ensure the discharge of water from the fire airship in a continuous mode during the time of extinguishing the fire, taking into account the distance to the water source. In some cases, a transport airship can be used as a firefighter. In this case, the discharge of water is carried out through the pipe.

A fire airship designed specifically to extinguish a fire has two alternative designs that are equivalent in terms of achieving the goal. The effect of continuous rain does not require further explanation. When discharging water in the form of packets with water, efficiency is achieved due to the fact that upon breaking the packet, the combustion object is enveloped in water at a speed exceeding the speed of sublimation of combustible components of the material.

Fire airships (first and second versions) can be used together, then the greatest efficiency of extinguishing a fire is achieved.

The list of illustrations illustrating the invention:

- figure 1 schematically shows a General view of a transportation airship for implementing the method of extinguishing a fire;

- figure 2 in scale in section shows the cargo compartment of the transport airship: a) with the shutters closed; b) at the time of withdrawal of water from the reservoir;

- figure 3 schematically shows a General view of a fire airship for implementing the method of extinguishing a fire (first embodiment);

- figure 4 schematically shows a General view of a fire airship (second embodiment);

- figure 5 in scale shows the cargo compartment of the airship, presented in figure 4, with a device for the manufacture of bags of water;

- Fig.6 shows the operating position of the transport and fire airships relative to each other when refueling in air with water of a fire airship.

The power base of the aerostatic hull of the aircraft - the transport airship (Fig. 1) is a closed frame 1, located in the upper part of the hull of a coaxially closed frame 1, a rigid tubular element 2, at least three radial beams 3 and at least four support posts 4. The preferred option The implementation of the closed frame 1 is to make it in the form of a torus from composite materials and a fairing connected with it 5. The rigid tubular element 2 is made in the form of a hollow cylinder or a multifaceted prism and has a frame (not shown). At the upper end of the rigid tubular element 2, the upper power ring is fixed 6. The closed frame 1 and the rigid tubular element 2 are rigidly fastened to each other by radial beams 3. The support legs 4 are mounted on the closed frame 1 and the radial beams 3. The support legs 4 are equipped with mechanisms for their release and retraction and locking locks (not shown) in the released, retracted and intermediate positions. In the lower part of the aerostatic apparatus coaxially to the rigid element 2 is placed a rigid glass 7, forming a cargo compartment, the side surfaces of which are made gas-tight. The glass 7 is mounted on a closed frame 1 using an internal suspension made of longitudinally rigid elements — cables of adjustable length 8. The cables are fixed in pairs at one end on a closed frame 1, and the other ends are fixed on a rigid glass 7 of the lower power ring 9 tangentially to it surfaces at diametrically opposite points. In addition, the rigid cup 7 with the help of longitudinally rigid elements — ropes of adjustable length 10 is additionally fixed on the rigid tubular element 2 and radial beams 3. Winches and boosters (not shown) were used as devices for regulating the length and tension of the ropes.

The aerostatic body is made of two - upper 11 and lower 12 convex hulls. The upper convex hull is fixed with its edge on the closed frame 1, and in its upper part is fastened with the upper power ring 6 of the rigid tubular element 2. The lower 12 convex hull is fixed with its large edge on the closed frame 1, and the smaller edge is fixed on the lower power ring 9. An inclined gas-tight soft membrane 13 is installed in the cavity of the aerostatic body. The inclined membrane 13 is fixed with its larger edge on the closed frame 1, and the smaller edge on the lower power ring 9. The internal volume is located located above the membrane 13, is a gas compartment 14 lighter than air, and the internal volume located under the membrane 13 is a thermal ballasting compartment 15. It is equipped with devices (not shown) for the inlet and outlet of hot gases and outside air. The device for supplying and discharging hot gas and outside air of the compartment 15 is made in the form of a manifold and a system of gas pipelines and controlled valves (not shown).

The source of hot gases are mainly propulsion engines. Soft gas cylinders 16 filled with helium or other gas are placed in the gas compartment 14 lighter than air. These cylinders 16 are conical with spherical domes and their conical parts are mounted on a rigid glass 7, and conical domes are fixed on the upper 11 convex hull. On the rigid horizontal power stabilizers 17 fixed marching 18 engines, vertical thrust power plants and controls (not shown).

Marching 18 engines are located in the nacelles 19 and mounted on pylons 20. Marching 18 engines are made rotary with the ability to change the direction of the thrust vector they create in the horizontal and vertical planes by an angle of at least 30 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the aerostatic body of the aircraft. The power plants of the vertical thrust are reversible, capable of creating both positive and negative lift. Aerodynamic controls made in the form of vertical struts 21 with rudders fixed to them: vertical 22, horizontal tail 23 and height (elevator is not shown) are installed in the aft part of the aerostatic hull of the aircraft. Vertical rudders 22 are made all-turning in flight and weather vane in the parking lot.

Pos.24 shows the crew cabin, made with circular windows to improve visibility (windows not shown).

In the cargo compartment, formed by a rigid glass 7, a water tank 26 is mounted on the winches 25, equipped with bottom valves that automatically open when the tank is immersed in the reservoir.

In the bottom of the tank there is a Central hole equipped with an automatic, associated with the control means of the Central valve 28 with a pipe 29 (Fig.2).

In another embodiment, the specific implementation of the transport airship, it can be additionally equipped with a pump for water intake in shallow water.

In the fire airship (first embodiment) shown in Fig. 3, in contrast to the transport, coaxially relatively rigid tubular element 2, a pipe 30 with a funnel 31 is placed around the perimeter rigidly connected to the upper power ring 6. The pipe 30 is connected to a flexible hose 32 A flexible hose 32 is connected to the water tank 33, divided into sections 34. The water tank 33 is rigidly fixed in the cargo compartment. Fire airship is equipped with a sprinkler frame 35, suspended from the cargo compartment using extensions 36. The sprinkler frame is connected by pipes 37 to sections 34, tank 33.

In the fire airship (second embodiment) shown in FIG. 4, in contrast to the fire airship shown in FIG. 3, the water tank 38 (FIG. 5) is provided with an outlet pipe 39, which is part of the bag forming device with water - “water bombs” (weighing 150 kg or more). Pos. 40 (Fig. 5) shows a roll holder with a plastic tape; 41 - the mechanism of the formation of the sleeve; 42 - the mechanism of formation of a longitudinal seam; 43 - the mechanism of the formation of transverse seams. The mechanism 43 also performs the function of cutting off the finished bag of water 44. The bag of water 44 enters the chamber 45, mounted under the cargo compartment. The chamber 45 is equipped with a hinged hatch 46 consisting of two halves. In addition, in the lower part of the pipe 39 has a dispensing valve 47 connected to the controls.

The airships work and the fire extinguishing method are carried out as follows: gas cylinders are filled with helium or other gas lighter than air in an amount sufficient to create aerostatic lift, balancing the airship’s own weight. Aerostatic lifting force, compensating for the weight of the tank with water, is created by the hot gas supplied to the thermal ballasting compartment located under the membrane.

To move the airships, the thrust created by the marching engines 18 and controls is used.

Airships are stabilized by active controls, in particular vertical thrust propulsion systems. The height at which the airships are stabilized is chosen equal to 0.2-0.5 of the characteristic linear size of the airship. Accordingly, the transportation airship is stabilized above the water source, and the firefighter is stabilized above the burning territory. Further, with regard to the transport airship. The water tank 26 with the help of winches 25 is lowered into the water, while the valves 27 are activated and the tank is filled with water. Then the tank rises and secures itself in the cargo compartment. If necessary, in a shallow water, the transport airship is landing, while the support legs 4 are brought into the released position, fixed, the stretch marks of the support legs 4 are tensioned. The aerostatic lifting force of the airship is reduced by lowering the temperature in compartment 15 by supplying outboard air to it. The airship is installed on struts-supports 4 on the surface of the bottom of the reservoir. After filling the tank with water 26, the engines of the power unit are turned on and the transport airship takes off using vertical thrust power plants and by increasing the aerostatic lifting force by an amount that compensates for the weight of the tank with water by supplying hot gas to compartment 15. The airship moves to the fire help marching engines 18 using controls. Water is discharged in the flight position. For this, the transportation airship is brought to the fire airship, stabilized by active controls, including vertical thrust power plants, and balanced at a height equal to 0.2 of the characteristic linear size of the airship. The airship is stabilized so that the outlet of the nozzle 29 is located above the funnel 31 of the fire airship (Fig.6). The automatic flap is activated and the water flows into the tank of the airship through the funnel 31, pipe 30 and flexible hose 32. Water flows through the pipes to the irrigation frame 35 (the first version of the fire airship) - the effect of continuous rain over the burning area is created. The aerostatic lifting force of both airships and their position relative to each other are adjusted by supplying outboard air to the compartment 15, as well as using active controls, primarily with the help of vertical thrust propulsion systems. When using a fire airship (second embodiment), the water through the pipe 39 is metered into the device for making bags of water 44, in which a sleeve with a longitudinal seam is formed by welding from a plastic film 42 by welding. The sleeve enters the mechanism 43, in which transverse seams are also formed by welding. Simultaneously with the formation of transverse seams, a segment of the finished package with water occurs and the lower seam of the next package is formed. The formed package under the influence of gravity enters the chamber 45 and through the hatch 46 is dumped into the burning area.

Fire airships of the first and second versions can be used individually and together.

In conclusion, some indicative technical data of airships are given:

- transportation: carrying capacity 45-50 tons; speed 60-80 km / h;

- fireman: carrying capacity 400 tons; speed of 50-60 km / h;

- the size of the sprinkler frame 80 × 30 m ² ;

- the weight of packages with water is 150-250 kg.

The number of transport airships is chosen to ensure the discharge of water from fire airships in continuous mode during the fire fighting time, taking into account the distance to the water source.

The transportation airship in some cases can be used as a firefighter, while the discharge of water is carried out through the pipe 29.

In addition, the group of aircraft designed to extinguish a fire has a reconnaissance helicopter.

Claims (4)

1. A fire airship containing a disk-shaped aerostatic hull, power units with a variable thrust vector, a crew cabin with a control system, a landing gear and a mooring device, the hull consists of upper and lower elastic convex shells, the edges of which are mounted on a frame closed around the perimeter of sections in contact, connected by rigid radial beams with a rigid tubular element forming the central compartment, placed along the vertical axis of the aerostatic body, the cavity of which It is divided by an inclined gas-tight membrane into a gas compartment lighter than air with cylinders filled with the latter, and the thermal ballasting compartment located below it, the upper and lower convex shells are made with an upper power ring fixed to the end of the tubular element and a lower power ring with a glass forming the cargo compartment , the outer and inner edges of the gas-tight membrane are mounted respectively on a closed frame and on the lower power ring connected by longitudinally rigid elements to an open frame and a rigid tubular element, characterized in that a water tank is installed in the cargo compartment, connected in the upper part with a flexible hose to a pipe mounted coaxially to the rigid tubular element, ending with a funnel mounted on the upper power ring, the water tank is made with an outlet pipe , which is part of a device located in the cargo compartment that forms packages of water for discharge through a hatch to a burning area. 2. Fire airship according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet pipe has a controlled valve - dispenser. 3. Fire airship according to claim 1, characterized in that in the lower part of the cargo compartment is attached a chamber for ready-made packages of water, equipped with an opening hatch. 4. Fire airship according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for forming packages with water includes a roll holder with a polyethylene tape, a sleeve forming mechanism, a longitudinal seam forming mechanism, a mechanism for forming transverse seams and cutting the finished bag.

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