RU2813352C1 - Method of obtaining oil and juice of sea buckthorn berries - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry; biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: method of obtaining oil and juice from sea buckthorn berries includes grinding the berries, separating the juice and seeds from the pulp, drying the seeds to a residual moisture content of 4–10%, separately separating the oil from the pulp and seeds, obtaining pharmacopoeial oil by blending oils from the pulp and seeds in a ratio of 1:1–1:3. At the same time, the fruits are washed in countercurrent mode with warm water at a temperature of 60–65°C and are crushed, the separation of the oil-containing mass from the juice is carried out in a centrifugal separator with a separation factor of 2,000–3,000, the separation of seeds and pulp is carried out in three stages: filtration through a sieve with a hole diameter of 1.1 mm, washing with distilled water at a temperature of 60–65°C with a module of 1:7, drying seeds in a two-section fluidized bed apparatus at a temperature in the first section of 90–100°C, in the second section 60–65°C; the resulting pharmacopoeial oil is subjected to vacuum conduction drying at a residual pressure of 5–10 kPa for 60–90 minutes.

EFFECT: intensifying the process of obtaining pharmacopoeial oil.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the food industry and medicine, namely to methods for obtaining oil and juice from sea buckthorn berries.

There is a known method for processing sea buckthorn fruits, including grinding sea buckthorn fruits, separating the juice from the pulp, clarification of the juice and its extraction with oil, separating the juice from the resulting oil extract, extracting the pulp with the resulting oil extract while mixing and grinding, releasing the extract as the target product in a cyclic process. (patent RU 2053255 C1, published 01/27/1996).

The disadvantage of this known method is that the pharmacopoeial sea buckthorn oil contains impurities, in this case sunflower oil, which reduces the biological value of the drug. Also, in the known method, oil is not extracted from the seeds, which reduces the value of the product.

There is also a known method for obtaining oil and juice from sea buckthorn berries, which includes chopping the berries, separating the pulp from the juice, drying the pulp and seeds, isolating a concentrate oil from them and obtaining a pharmacopoeial oil. The oil in this method is isolated from a mixture of crushed pulp and seeds, that is, in comparison with the above technology, the oil from the seeds does not go to waste. The main disadvantage of the existing solution is that pharmacopoeial oil (from the released oil concentrate) is obtained by blending sea buckthorn oil concentrate, the carotenoid content in which is 300-600 mg%, and vegetable oil to the carotenoid content regulated by the pharmacopoeial article (180-200 mg %). The presence of sunflower oil reduces the biological value of the drug and its medicinal properties, since the content of such important substances as carotene, unsaturated fatty acids, etc. decreases. It should also be noted that in the known method, the pulp is separated from the juice by settling. This is a long-term (up to 36 hours) operation, which causes an increase in the acidity of the oil.

The closest in technical essence is a method for obtaining oil and juice from sea buckthorn berries, including grinding the berries, separating the pulp from the juice at t=40-60°C, drying the pulp and seeds to a residual moisture content of 15-30% and 4-10%, respectively. The oil is separated from them separately. Pharmacopoeial oil is obtained by blending the above oils in a ratio of 1:1 - 1:3. This ensures that sea buckthorn oil is obtained without impurities and with the carotenoid content required by the pharmacopoeial monograph. (SU 2144061 A3, publ. 1998).

The disadvantages of this known method are: the duration of the process of separating the pulp from the juice at t = 40-60°C, which helps to increase the acid number, and the low quality of separation of juice and seeds from the pulp, which affects the quality of the finished product.

The objective of the invention is to intensify the process and obtain pharmacopoeial oil of improved quality.

The technical problem is solved by a method of processing sea buckthorn fruits, including grinding the berries, separating the juice and seeds from the pulp, drying the seeds to a residual moisture content of 4-10%, separating the oil from the pulp and seeds, obtaining pharmacopoeial oil by blending oils from the pulp and seeds in a ratio of 1 :1-1:3 in which the berries are crushed with preheating to 60-65°C, the juice is separated from the pulp in a centrifugal separator with a separation factor of 2000-3000, the seeds are separated from the pulp in three stages: by filtration through a sieve with hole diameter 1.1 mm, washing with distilled water at a temperature of 60-65°C at a module of 1:7, drying the seeds in a two-section fluidized bed apparatus at a temperature in the first section of 90-100°C, in the second section 60-65°C; the resulting pharmacopoeial oil is subjected to vacuum conduction drying at a residual pressure of 5-10 kPa for 60-90 minutes.

To implement the claimed method for obtaining oil and juice from sea buckthorn berries, the drawing shows a technological line for a plant for processing sea buckthorn fruits.

The technological line for processing sea buckthorn fruits includes: washing apparatus 1; horizontal dismembrator 2; screw conveyor 3; washing apparatus 4; pressing unit 5; two-section fluidized bed apparatus 6, consisting of the first 7 and second 8 sections, bumpers 9, heaters 10,11, gas blower 12, air separator 13, pulp collector 14; press filter 15; centrifugal separator 16; evaporator 17; capacitor 18; vacuum pump 19; pulp oil buffer capacity 20; buffer capacity of seed oil 21; oil dispenser 22; vacuum-conductive dryer 23 with a vapor condenser 24 and a vacuum pump 25.

Oil and juice from sea buckthorn berries are obtained in the following way. Sea buckthorn fruits, washed in washing apparatus 1 in countercurrent mode with warm water at a temperature of 60-65°C, enter the horizontal dismembrator 2, where the fruits are crushed while maintaining the integrity of the seeds. When the wash water temperature is less than 60°C, the quality of washing and grinding deteriorates. At temperatures above 65°C, the quality of the final product deteriorates.

Then the fruit pulp is fed into a screw conveyor 3, where it is separated from the sea buckthorn juice. Sea buckthorn juice is separated by filtering the fruit pulp through holes with a diameter of 1.1 mm in the stator of the screw conveyor. With hole diameters less than 1.1 mm, the hydraulic filtration resistance increases significantly. When the hole diameter is more than 1.1 mm, the quality of filtration deteriorates.

The remaining pulp enters the washing apparatus 4 with blades, where the pulp is diluted and washed with warm distilled water at a temperature of 60-65°C at a modulus of 1:7. At a washing temperature of less than 60°C, the diffusion of residual juice from the pulp deteriorates; at a temperature above 65°C, the quality of the final product deteriorates. When the washing module is less than 1:7, the yield of juice and oil deteriorates; when the washing module is more than 1:7, energy consumption increases.

The washed pulp is fed into the squeezing unit 5, where it is separated into diffusion juice and pulp with seeds. The diffusion juice is also filtered through holes with a diameter of 1.1 mm. The pulp with seeds is fed into a two-section fluidized bed apparatus 6 with a temperature in the first 7 section of 90-100°C, in the second 8 section of 60-65°C and dried to a residual moisture content of 4-10%.

As the pulp components dry, they lose their specific gravity and are pneumatically transported from the two-section apparatus by the waste coolant to the air separator 13 and collected in a buffer tank 14. The separated seeds are removed from the dryer using bumpers 9 and pressed in a press filter 15 to obtain oil using a known method. The supply of coolant to the dryer 6 at a given temperature is organized using two heaters 10,11 and a gas blower 12.

Sea buckthorn juice and diffusion juice from devices 3, 4 enter the centrifugal separator 16, where the oil-containing pulp is separated from the juice at a separation factor of 2000-3000. With a separation factor of less than 2000, the separation time increases; with a separation factor of more than 3000, capital and operating costs increase.

The juice from the centrifugal separator 16 enters the evaporator 17, into which steam is supplied conductively. The secondary steam formed in the evaporator is condensed in condenser 18. The resulting secondary steam condensate with a temperature of 60-65°C is supplied by pump 19 to the screw conveyor 4 to remove residual juice and oil from the pulp. The spent refrigerant with t=65-70°C from the condenser 18 is supplied to the washing apparatus 1 to clean the fruits and heat them to 60-65°C. Oils from seeds 21 and pulp 20 are mixed in a dispenser 22 in a ratio of 1:1-1:3 according to a known method and a pharmacopoeial oil is obtained, which is fed into a vacuum-conductive dryer 23. The pharmacopoeial oil is dried at a residual pressure of 5-10 kPa for 60 -90 minutes. At a residual pressure of less than 5 kPa, the cost of removing residual moisture from the oil increases; at a static pressure of more than 10 kPa, the drying time increases. The residual pressure in the vacuum chamber 23 is maintained by a condenser 24 and a liquid ring vacuum pump 25. A vacuum pump 19 is provided to remove gases dissolved in the juice

This invention is illustrated by the following specific examples.

Example 1. 250 gr. Sea buckthorn fruits are washed with warm water at a temperature of 60°C, placed in a container and crushed with a submersible blender while maintaining the integrity of the seeds. Then the crushed fruits are placed in a centrifugal separator. Fruit pulp is separated from sea buckthorn juice by filtration through holes with a diameter of 1.1 mm. The remaining pulp is diluted three times successively with distilled water heated to a temperature of 60°C, at ratios of 1:2, 1:2, 1:3. mixed and separated into diffusion juice and pulp with seeds by filtration through holes with a diameter of 1.1 mm. The pressed pulp with seeds is dried in a convective fluidized bed dryer at a temperature of 90°C for 30 minutes then at 60°C until a residual moisture content of 4%. As the pulp components dry, they lose their specific gravity and are pneumatically transported from the convective dryer by the waste coolant to the air separator. The separated seeds are pressed to obtain oil. Sea buckthorn juice and diffusion juice are mixed and placed in a centrifugal separator, where the oil-containing pulp is separated from the diluted juice at a separation factor of 2000. Oils from seeds and pulp are mixed in a 1:1 ratio and a pharmacopoeial oil is obtained, which is placed in a vacuum-conductive dryer and dried at a residual pressure of 5 kPa for 60 minutes. The diluted juice is concentrated in a distiller, and the condensate is used as distilled water.

In examples 2 and 3, the process is similar to example 1 with changes in the process parameters according to the table.

In table The operating parameters and process indicators of three examples are given.

Indicators Unit Example 1 2 3 Fruit heating temperature °C 60 63 65 Filtration hole diameter mm 1.1 1.1 1.1 Flushing temperature °C 60 63 65 Fluidized bed temperature (1 section) °C 90 95 100 Fluidized bed temperature (section 2) °C 60 63 65 Separation factor - 2000 2500 3000 Separation time min 10 9 8 Residual drying pressure of pharmacopoeial oil kPa 5 7 10 Pharmacopoeial oil drying time min 90 70 60 Acid number mg KOH 1.6 1.5 1.4 Carotenoids mg% 219 225 230

When producing sea buckthorn oil according to the prototype, the duration of separation of juice from pulp was 6.5 hours. According to the claimed method, the duration of separation of pulp from juice was reduced by 43 times and amounted to 9 minutes.

In the production of sea buckthorn oil according to the prototype, the acid number averages 4.97 mg KOH. According to the claimed method, the acid number is 1.5 mg KOH. This is achieved by intensifying the oil extraction process, which increases oil yield and reduces the acid number of the oil.

Thus, the claimed object of the invention makes it possible to reduce the acid number of sea buckthorn oil by more than 3 times at low energy costs.

Claims (1)

A method for obtaining oil and juice from sea buckthorn berries, including grinding the berries, separating the juice and seeds from the pulp, drying the seeds to a residual moisture content of 4-10%, separating the oil from the pulp and seeds, obtaining a pharmacopoeial oil by blending oils from the pulp and seeds at their ratio 1:1-1:3, characterized in that the fruits are washed in a countercurrent mode with warm water at a temperature of 60-65°C and crushed, the oil-containing mass is separated from the juice in a centrifugal separator with a separation factor of 2000-3000, the seeds and pulp are separated in three stages: filtration through a sieve with a hole diameter of 1.1 mm, washing with distilled water at a temperature of 60-65 ° C at a module of 1:7, drying the seeds in a two-section fluidized bed apparatus at a temperature in the first section of 90-100 ° C, in the second sections 60-65°C; the resulting pharmacopoeial oil is subjected to vacuum conduction drying at a residual pressure of 5-10 kPa for 60-90 minutes.