CN110538712B - Deparaffinization production method of lacquer seeds - Google Patents
Deparaffinization production method of lacquer seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN110538712B CN110538712B CN201910871837.6A CN201910871837A CN110538712B CN 110538712 B CN110538712 B CN 110538712B CN 201910871837 A CN201910871837 A CN 201910871837A CN 110538712 B CN110538712 B CN 110538712B
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- lacquer
- seeds
- wax
- motor
- extraction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
- C11B1/04—Pretreatment of vegetable raw material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/10—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
Abstract
The invention discloses a lacquer seed dewaxing production method, which reduces the influence of water on lacquer wax extraction and ensures lacquer wax yield by pre-selecting seeds before shelling and drying and dehydrating the lacquer seeds, ensures that the lacquer wax is separated, extruded and crushed and rolled and crushed to ensure that the separation effect of lacquer core, lacquer peel and pulp is good, avoids the loss of lacquer wax, adopts isopropyl ether to extract the lacquer wax under pressure, has the extraction effect and the safety superior to those of anhydrous ether adopted in the prior art, and adopts the lacquer seeds of Shanxi Pingli 'white-skin high eight-feet' lacquer tree to perform tests, the lacquer wax yield extracted by the lacquer seed dewaxing production method reaches 43.6 percent, is milk white or light yellow, and meets the quality requirement of high-quality lacquer wax.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit processing, in particular to the technical field of a deparaffinization production method of lacquer seeds.
Background
The lacquer tree is a traditional special resource in China, and the utilization value of the lacquer tree is mainly to produce lacquer. The lacquer tree not only secretes raw lacquer, but also the fruit-lacquer seed contains rich grease, and the content of crude fat reaches 45 to 55 percent. Two kinds of oil and fat can be prepared from true Lacquertree seed, namely true Lacquertree wax obtained from seed coat and true Lacquertree seed oil obtained from seed kernel, with true Lacquertree wax as much. The pericarp of lacquer seed is a waxy layer, and is light yellow or gray green, and can be used for extracting lacquer wax. The lacquer wax is a plant high-melting-point solid fat, the main components of which are palmitic acid and grease, and the lacquer wax is an excellent raw material for preparing high-grade surfactants, medical palmitic acid, textile assistants and the like. The lacquer dregs after the lacquer wax (oil) is extracted from lacquer seeds are rich in nutrient components, have no toxic or side effect and are the first-class raw materials in the poultry feed industry. The species resources of the lacquer trees in Shaanxi province are rich, and the advanced development and the refined processing and utilization of the lacquer tree fruit resources are extremely valuable.
At present, the lacquer wax and lacquer seed oil are extracted by a squeezing method, a hot water extraction method or an organic solvent extraction method in the processing of lacquer seeds, and researches show that when the water content in an extracting agent is too high, the extraction is not beneficial to the dissolution and the extraction of the lacquer wax, so that the water content and the impurity content of a product are high, the wax yield is low, and the quality of the lacquer wax is poor, thereby restricting the utilization of the lacquer wax. The lacquer wax is firstly separated from seeds and peels of lacquer tree fruits in the processing process, but the common mechanical separator is used for wind separation, so that air pollution and noise pollution are generated to the production environment, and the production is not beneficial to clean production. The rapid separation water tank for the seed and the peel of the sumac fruit provided by the patent CN201842832U uses the principle of gravity settling separation in water to affect the extraction of the sumac seed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the prior lacquer wax extraction method is influenced by the water content of an extracting agent, the separation effect of lacquer seeds and shells is poor, the water content and impurity content of a product are high, the wax yield is low, and the quality of lacquer wax is poor in the prior art, and provides a lacquer seed dewaxing production method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a production method for dewaxing lacquer seeds comprises the following technical steps:
(1) selecting lacquer seeds with a fruit shape index of 0.6-0.8, and carrying out low-temperature heating and drying treatment before shelling to ensure that the water content of seed hulls is lower than 5%;
(2) peeling lacquer seeds by using lacquer seed shelling equipment, sorting the lacquer seeds into a plurality of groups according to the diameters of the lacquer seeds, extruding and crushing the lacquer seeds, rolling and crushing the lacquer seeds, and separating lacquer kernels, lacquer peels and pulps by using a screen;
(3) grinding the mixture of lacquer peel and pulp, wrapping with gauze, and extracting with isopropyl ether under reflux at 40-60 deg.C for 50-70min and 10-20MPa to obtain extractive solution;
(4) decompressing the extraction mixed liquor to one atmosphere, then carrying out decoloring treatment, evaporating the decoloring extraction mixed liquor to remove isopropyl ether, decompressing and cooling to separate out lacquer wax.
Preferably, the mixing volume ratio of the isopropyl ether to the mixture of the skin and the pulp is 2: 1.
Preferably, the decolorization is carried out by activated carbon for 30-60 min.
Preferably, the extraction temperature is 40 ℃, the extraction time is 60min, and the extraction pressure is 20 MPa.
Furthermore, the invention provides a paint seed shelling device which comprises a machine body, wherein a feed inlet is formed above the machine body, a discharge outlet is formed below the machine body, a material distribution chamber, a pressing chamber and a crushing and collecting chamber are sequentially arranged in the machine body from top to bottom, a material distribution plate is obliquely arranged below the feed inlet in the material distribution chamber, a plurality of groups of material collecting nozzles are arranged below the material distribution plate, a material falling channel is arranged in the pressing chamber below the material collecting nozzles, extruding mechanisms are arranged on two sides of the material falling channel, an electric baffle is arranged in the crushing and collecting chamber below the material falling channel, a roller is arranged below the electric baffle, a sieve plate is obliquely arranged below the roller, a discharge outlet is formed below the sieve plate, a control panel is arranged on one side of the machine body, and the control panel is electrically connected with the extruding mechanisms and the electric baffle respectively.
Preferably, the material distributing plate is provided with material distributing strip holes, the material distributing strip holes are arranged on the material distributing plate in a rectangular array, and the width of the material distributing strip holes is sequentially increased from top to bottom.
Preferably, the maximum width of the blanking channel is the same as the width of the material distributing strip hole above the material receiving nozzle.
Preferably, the extrusion mechanism comprises a push plate, a push rod and a motor I, the motor I is connected with the push plate through the push rod, a blanking channel is formed between the two push plates, and the motor I is electrically connected with the control panel.
Preferably, the bottom end of the material distributing plate is provided with a material returning mechanism.
Preferably, the material returning mechanism comprises a second motor, a telescopic rod and a material returning plate, the second motor is arranged outside the machine body, the material returning plate is arranged at the tail end of the material distributing plate, the telescopic rod is arranged between the second motor and the material returning plate, and the second motor is electrically connected with the control panel.
Preferably, a first material baffle is arranged above the sieve plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the production method for dewaxing lacquer seeds is characterized in that pre-selection and drying dehydration treatment are carried out on the lacquer seeds before shelling, the influence of water on lacquer wax extraction is reduced, the lacquer wax yield is ensured, the lacquer seeds are sorted, extruded and crushed and rolled and crushed, the separation effect of lacquer kernels, lacquer peel and pulp is good, the loss of lacquer wax is avoided, isopropyl ether is adopted for pressure extraction of lacquer wax, and the extraction effect and the safety are superior to those of anhydrous ether adopted in the prior art.
2. The patent refers to the field of 'separation of macromolecular compounds from macromolecular compounds'.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for hulling lacquer seeds according to the present invention.
In fig. 1: 1-machine body, 11-control panel, 12-feed inlet, 2-crushing collection chamber, 21-sieve plate, 211-baffle plate I, 22-discharge outlet, 23-roller, 24-electric baffle, 241-baffle plate II, 3-extrusion chamber, 31-push plate, 32-push rod, 33-motor I, 4-material distribution chamber, 41-material distribution plate, 411-material distribution strip hole, 42-material collection nozzle, 51-motor II, 52-telescopic rod and 53-material recovery plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The materials or equipment used in the present invention can be purchased or customized through public channels.
The first embodiment is as follows: production method for dewaxing lacquer seeds
A production method for dewaxing lacquer seeds comprises the following technical steps:
(1) selecting lacquer seeds with a fruit shape index of 0.6-0.8, and carrying out low-temperature heating and drying treatment before shelling to ensure that the water content of seed hulls is lower than 5%;
(2) peeling lacquer seeds by using lacquer seed shelling equipment, sorting the lacquer seeds into a plurality of groups according to the diameters of the lacquer seeds, extruding and crushing the lacquer seeds, rolling and crushing the lacquer seeds, and separating lacquer kernels, lacquer peels and pulps by using a screen;
(3) grinding the mixture of the lacquer peel and the pulp, wrapping the mixture with a gauze, and carrying out mixed reflux extraction by adopting isopropyl ether at the extraction temperature of 40-60 ℃ for 50-70min under the extraction pressure of 10-20MPa to obtain an extraction mixed solution, wherein the mixing volume ratio of the isopropyl ether to the mixture of the lacquer peel and the pulp is 2: 1;
(4) decompressing the extraction mixed liquor to one atmosphere, then carrying out decoloring treatment, decoloring by adopting activated carbon for 30-60min, evaporating the decoloring extraction mixed liquor to remove isopropyl ether, decompressing and cooling to separate out lacquer wax.
Taking the lacquer seeds of the white-bark eight-foot lacquer tree of Pingli, Shanxi, and under the condition that the wax content of the wax layer is measured to be 44.3%, the lacquer wax is prepared by adopting the lacquer seed dewaxing production method of the first embodiment, wherein the lacquer wax yield = m (lacquer wax)/m (mixture of lacquer peel and pulp) × 100%, the lacquer wax yield is 40.2%, and the lacquer wax is prepared by adopting anhydrous ether, and the lacquer wax yield is 37.8%.
Example two: lacquer seed shelling equipment
The invention provides a device for hulling lacquer seeds, which comprises a machine body 1, wherein a feed inlet 12 is arranged above the machine body 1, a discharge outlet 22 is arranged below the machine body 1, a material distribution chamber 4, an extrusion chamber 3 and a crushing and collecting chamber 2 are sequentially arranged in the machine body 1 from top to bottom, a material distribution plate 41 is obliquely arranged below the feed inlet 12 in the material distribution chamber 4, a plurality of groups of material receiving nozzles 42 are arranged below the material distribution plate 41, a blanking channel is arranged in the extrusion chamber 3 below the material receiving nozzles 42, extrusion mechanisms are arranged on two sides of the blanking channel, an electric baffle 24 is arranged in the crushing and collecting chamber 2 below the blanking channel, a roller 23 is arranged below the electric baffle 24, a sieve plate 21 is obliquely arranged below the roller 23, the discharge outlet 22 is arranged below the sieve plate 21, a control panel 11 is arranged on one side of the machine body 1, and the control panel 11 is electrically connected with the extrusion mechanisms and the electric baffle 24 respectively. The material distributing plate 41 is provided with material distributing bar holes 411, the material distributing bar holes 411 are arranged on the material distributing plate 41 in a rectangular array, and the width of the material distributing bar holes 411 is sequentially increased from top to bottom, so that the paint seeds are classified when passing through the material distributing plate 41. The maximum width of the blanking channel is the same as the width of the material distributing strip hole 411 above the material receiving nozzle 42, and after the paint seeds fall into the blanking channel, the extruding mechanism extrudes and breaks shells. The extrusion mechanism comprises a push plate 31, a push rod 32 and a first motor 33, the first motor 33 is connected with the push plate 31 through the push rod 32, a blanking channel is formed between the two push plates 31, and the first motor 33 is electrically connected with the control panel 11. The bottom end of the material distributing plate 41 is provided with a material returning mechanism, and paint seeds which fall into the bottom of the material distributing plate 41 and have not yet been sorted are pushed to the top end of the material distributing plate 41 and fall into the corresponding material distributing bar holes 411. The material returning mechanism comprises a second motor 51, an expansion link 52 and a material returning plate 53, the second motor 51 is arranged outside the machine body 1, the material returning plate 53 is arranged at the tail end of the material distributing plate 41, the expansion link 52 is arranged between the second motor 51 and the material returning plate 53, and the second motor 51 is electrically connected with the control panel 11. A first material baffle 211 is arranged above the sieve plate 21 to prevent the materials from scattering.
Example three: optimization of lacquer seed dewaxing production method
A single factor experiment is designed, and A: extraction temperature, B: extraction time and C: influence of extraction pressure on lacquer wax yield. A three-factor three-level orthogonal experiment is carried out on the basis of a single-factor experiment, and the factors and levels of the orthogonal experiment are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: orthogonal test factor and horizon
The test results and analysis of the orthogonal optimization lacquer seed dewaxing production method are shown in the table 2.
Table 2: results and analysis of orthogonal assays
By comparing the range of each index, the main influence factor in the production method of the lacquer seed dewaxing is shown to be extraction pressure, extraction time and extraction temperature in the primary and secondary sequence of each influence factor, and according to the results of k1, k2 and k3 values and trend graphs of each index in table 2, the optimal level combination of each factor is determined to be extraction temperature of 40 ℃, extraction time of 60min and extraction pressure of 20 MPa.
By adopting the method for dewaxing lacquer seeds in the first embodiment and the device for shelling lacquer seeds in the second embodiment, the lacquer seeds of a white bark high eight feet lacquer tree in Pingli of Shanxi are taken, and under the condition that the wax content of a wax layer is measured to be 44.3%, the lacquer wax yield is 43.6%, and the lacquer wax is milk white or light yellow.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A production method for dewaxing lacquer seeds is characterized by comprising the following technical steps:
(1) selecting lacquer seeds with a fruit shape index of 0.6-0.8, and carrying out low-temperature heating and drying treatment before shelling to ensure that the water content of seed hulls is lower than 5%;
(2) peeling lacquer seeds by using lacquer seed shelling equipment, sorting the lacquer seeds into a plurality of groups according to the diameters of the lacquer seeds, extruding and crushing the lacquer seeds, rolling and crushing the lacquer seeds, and separating lacquer kernels, lacquer peels and pulps by using a screen;
(3) grinding the mixture of lacquer peel and pulp, wrapping with gauze, and extracting with isopropyl ether under reflux at 40-60 deg.C for 50-70min and 10-20MPa to obtain extractive solution; the mixing volume ratio of the isopropyl ether to the mixture of the lacquer peel and the pulp is 2: 1;
(4) decompressing the extraction mixed liquor to one atmosphere, then adopting active carbon to decolor for 30-60min, evaporating the decolored extraction mixed liquor to remove isopropyl ether, decompressing and cooling to separate out lacquer wax.
2. The production method for dewaxing a lacquer seed according to claim 1, wherein the extraction temperature is 40 ℃, the extraction time is 60min, and the extraction pressure is 20 MPa.
3. A paint seed shelling device comprises a machine body, wherein a feed inlet is arranged above the machine body, and a discharge outlet is arranged below the machine body, and is characterized in that a material distribution chamber, a squeezing chamber and a crushing and collecting chamber are sequentially arranged in the machine body from top to bottom; the extrusion mechanism comprises push plates, a push rod and a motor I, the motor I is connected with the push plates through the push rod, a blanking channel is formed between the two push plates, and the motor I is electrically connected with the control panel; divide the flitch bottom to set up the returning charge mechanism, returning charge mechanism includes motor two, telescopic link and feed back board, and motor two sets up outside the organism, and the feed back board sets up at minute flitch end, sets up the telescopic link between motor two and the feed back board, motor two and control panel electric connection.
4. A shelling apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein said material distributing plate is provided with strip holes, the strip holes are arranged in a rectangular array on the material distributing plate, and the width of the strip holes increases from top to bottom.
5. A device for hulling lacquered seeds as claimed in claim 4, wherein the maximum width of the blanking channel is the same as the width of the hole of the material distributing bar above the material receiving nozzle.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910871837.6A CN110538712B (en) | 2019-09-16 | 2019-09-16 | Deparaffinization production method of lacquer seeds |
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| CN201910871837.6A CN110538712B (en) | 2019-09-16 | 2019-09-16 | Deparaffinization production method of lacquer seeds |
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| CN110538712B true CN110538712B (en) | 2021-11-12 |
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| CN112812888A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-18 | 陕西秦乔农林生物科技有限公司 | Lacquer seed oil dewaxing and production process |
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| DE102006052013A1 (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2007-05-10 | Heubach Gmbh | Production of pigmented thermoplastic material for transparent molding e.g. fiber, film, injection molding or extrudate involves grinding pigment in aqueous suspension containing flow enhancer and flushing in heated kneader or extruder |
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