RU2811337C1 - Gusli - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: musical instruments.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to Russian folk stringed musical instruments from the zither or lyre family, which is a resonator body with 5 to 20 strings stretched over it, and usually forming a diatonic scale, and, in particular, to classical gusli, trapezoidal academic gusli, to wing-shaped and lyre-shaped gusli. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the gusli consists of a hollow body with a soundboard equipped with a resonator hole, with strings installed on the soundboard and a stand for transmitting sound vibrations directly from the strings to the soundboard, and they are equipped with a threshold located under the strings, made with the possibility of repeated intersection of the stretched strings and stretching along the strings, nut position clamps are installed on both sides of the soundboard along the strings, and the soundboard with strings is installed at an angle to the body with an inclination along the line of the strings.

EFFECT: expanded performing capabilities.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to Russian folk stringed musical instruments from the family of zithers or lyres, which is a resonator body with 5 to 20 strings stretched over it, and forming, as a rule, a diatonic scale and, in particular, to classical gusli, trapezoidal academic gusli, to wing-shaped and lyre-shaped harps.

The peculiarity of the gusli is that each performer tunes the musical instrument in accordance with his preferences and the characteristics of the musical work. There are no specific rules for tuning the gusli and it all depends on the music that the performer will play.

There are known chromatic psalteries containing an all-metal body with a lever-damper mechanism consisting of four pedals with a special system of levers for each pedal connected to dampers and strings and allowing major and minor scales to be extracted from the chromatic psaltery, while the body is mounted on three legs in inclined position (SU 78782, G10D 1/2,1950).

There are known keyboard harps, the mechanics of which are placed under the strings in a removable box (SU 39522, G10D 1/12, 1934).

A ringed harp is known with a trapezoidal body and a soundboard equipped with resonator holes, with two rows of differently tuned strings stretched on pegs located on opposite sides of the body, and with rotary pins for changing the tuning of the strings, and a cross arrangement of rows of strings in the vertical plane is used, while for each row of strings, a separate stand is mounted on the soundboard, equipped with through holes for free passage of the strings of the opposite row (SU 114779, G10D 1/12, 1958).

The closest in technical essence are concert harps with a playing window, including a body made in the form of an elongated body with fan-shaped strings installed along the entire length of the box, with a voice hole made on the upper soundboard, and on the inner surface of the upper soundboard with the creation of a stressed state and the formation of it On the convex surface, two longitudinally located wooden springs are fixed, while a stand is installed between the voice hole and the string fastening elements on the narrow side of the body to transmit sound vibrations directly from the strings to the soundboard (patent RU 143045, G10D 1/00, 2006).

The disadvantages of the known devices are limited performance capabilities associated with a limited number of strings and, as a consequence, a small number of notes and derivative notes.

The technical result is to expand performing capabilities.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the harp consists of a hollow body with a soundboard equipped with a resonator hole, with strings installed on the soundboard and a stand for transmitting sound vibrations directly from the strings to the soundboard, and they are equipped with a threshold located under the strings, made with the possibility of repeated intersection of the stretched strings and stretching along the strings, nut position clamps are installed on both sides of the soundboard along the strings, and the soundboard with strings is installed at an angle to the body with an inclination along the line of the strings.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by graphic materials, where in Fig. Figure 1 shows a harp with a slightly stretched sinusoidal saddle, top view; in fig. 2 - psaltery with a maximally stretched sinusoidal saddle; view from above; in fig. 3 - psaltery with a zigzag-shaped saddle, top view; in fig. 4 - harp with a string pressed with a finger, side view; in fig. 5 - sill options, top view.

The gusli consists of a hollow body 1 with a soundboard 2 equipped with a resonator hole 3. On the soundboard 2 there is a tail holder 4 and rotary pegs 5 for changing the degree of tension of the strings 6 with a stand (Fig. 1) or without a stand (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4).

The deck 2 is installed at an acute angle to the body 1 in the direction of the strings 6 (Fig. 4).

The gusli is equipped with a removable, replaceable threshold 7, which has the shape of a broken line in the form of a stepped, pure or damped sinusoid, zigzag, flat and other form of geometric pattern.

At the ends of the threshold 7 there are fixing loops 8.

Threshold 7 is made of metal or plastic, with a low or medium elasticity coefficient (Hooke's coefficient) with the ability to stretch and return to its original shape.

The threshold 7 can be made of metal or polymer cord, for example, polyvinyl chloride.

The threshold 7 can also be made of wood with movable connections of elements in the form of axes or elastic cambrics.

On both sides of the deck 2 along the strings 6 there are position clamps 9 for the elements of the saddle 7, made, for example, in the form of pins, holes with adjustable locking rods or in the form of threaded bushings with bolts for the bends of the saddle 7.

The distance between the strings 6 and the nut 7 is such that when the finger 10 of the hand presses the string 6, a deflection of the string 6 is formed until the string 6 touches the nut 7. Installing the deck 2 at an angle to the body 1 ensures the contact of the string 6 under the pressure of the finger 10 with the selected element of the nut 7 and eliminates contact with the elements of the threshold 7 located below on the deck 2 (Fig. 4).

In this case, the distance between adjacent elements of the saddle 7 corresponds to the frets.

The harp is used as follows.

The user installs the required saddle 7 on the soundboard 2 by securing the loops 8 in the clamps 9, after which he adjusts the psaltery in accordance with the specifics of the piece being performed by rotating the pegs 5.

To obtain additional notes and derivative notes that the few strings 6 of the gusli cannot provide, the nut 7 is stretched so as to obtain several notes or derivative notes on a number of strings 6. Having selected the degree of stretching of each element of the nut 7 corresponding to the note or derivative note, they fixed on clamps 9.

To perform another piece, the threshold 7 is removed, and another threshold 7 with different characteristics is installed in its place.

On the strings of 6 gusli, it is possible to play using the plucking technique, which consists of playing with the fingertips, the picking technique (arpeggio), in which a chord sequence of sounds is played in an ascending and descending movement, both with the fingers and with a pick, while playing with the right hand and the left the hand muffles unnecessary sounds when changing chords, as well as the jangling technique, in which the right hand plays with an alternating stroke (alternately up and down), and the fingers of the left hand muffle strings that are not included in the chord.

The use of a stretchable nut 7 allows additional notes and derivatives of notes to be produced by pressing fingers 10 on multiple strings 6 to simulate the desired chord.

The technical result of expanding performing capabilities is achieved by the fact that the psaltery is equipped with a removable, replaceable and stretchable threshold, consisting of a number of elements with the opposite direction, installed on an inclined deck, while each element of the threshold is fixed in a given position by clamps installed on the deck. When you press your fingers on the strings of a musical instrument in the places where the nut elements are placed, each string produces additional sounds, determined by the degree of shortening of the gusli string.

Claims (1)

Gusli, consisting of a hollow body with a soundboard equipped with a resonator hole, with strings installed on the soundboard and a stand for transmitting sound vibrations directly from the strings to the soundboard, characterized in that they are equipped with a threshold located under the strings, made with the possibility of repeated intersection of the stretched strings and stretched along the strings, on both sides of the soundboard along the strings there are nut position clamps, and the soundboard with strings is installed at an angle to the body with an inclination along the line of the strings.

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