RU2810615C1 - Gusli - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: musical instruments.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to Russian folk stringed musical instruments from the zither or lyre family, which is a resonator body with 5 to 20 strings stretched over it, and usually forming a diatonic scale. The gusli comprises a hollow body with a lower soundboard, an upper soundboard equipped with a resonator hole and differently tuned strings, stretched between a tailpiece and pegs with rotating pins for changing the tuning of the strings, and they are equipped with additional replaceable upper soundboards, each of which has a resonator hole with differently tuned strings stretched between tailpieces and pegs, the body has the shape of a hollow cylinder or half-cylinder, on the inner surface of which there are blind slots for replaceable top soundboards.

EFFECT: quick retuning and increased acoustic capabilities of the musical instrument.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to Russian folk stringed musical instruments from the zither family, which is a resonator body with 5 to 20 strings stretched over it, and usually forming a diatonic scale.

Classical harp is related to wing-shaped harp, lyre-shaped harp with a playing window, trapezoidal academic harp, helmet-shaped psaltery harp with a large number of strings, and stationary clavier-like, rectangular and table-shaped harp. And, if the number of strings in wing-shaped and lyre-shaped psaltery starts from 5, then the number of strings in stationary clavier-like psaltery can reach 55-60.

The peculiarity of the gusli is that each performer tunes the musical instrument in accordance with his preferences and characteristics of the musical work. There are no strict specific rules for tuning the gusli and it all depends on the music that the performer will play.

There are many options for tuning a gusli and, for example, the tuning of a gusli with 9 strings is most often: A, C, D, E, F, G, A, B flat, C.

There are known chromatic psalteries containing an all-metal body with a lever-damper mechanism consisting of four pedals with a special system of levers for each pedal connected to dampers and strings and allowing major and minor scales to be extracted from the chromatic psaltery, while the body is mounted on three legs in inclined position (SU 78782, G10D 1/2, 1950).

There are known keyboard harps, the keyboard mechanics of which are placed under the strings in a removable box (SU 39522, G10D 1/12, 1934).

A ringed harp is known with a trapezoidal body and a soundboard equipped with resonator holes, with two rows of differently tuned strings stretched on pegs located on opposite sides of the body, and with rotary pins for changing the tuning of the strings, and a cross arrangement of rows of strings in the vertical plane is used, while for each row of strings, a separate stand is mounted on the soundboard, equipped with through holes for free passage of the strings of the opposite row (SU 114779, G10D 1/12, 1958).

The closest in technical essence are concert harps with a playing window, including a body made in the form of an elongated body with fan-shaped strings installed along the entire length of the box, with a voice hole made on the upper soundboard, and on the inner surface of the upper soundboard with the creation of a stressed state and the formation of it On the convex surface, two longitudinally located wooden springs are fixed, while a stand is installed between the voice hole and the string fastening elements on the narrow side of the body to transmit sound vibrations directly from the strings to the soundboard (patent RU143045, G10D 1/00, 2006).

The disadvantages of the known devices are the lack of the ability to quickly re-tune musical instruments, which consists in rotating the pegs of each string to obtain the required note or derivative note, which in conditions of concert and performing activities leads to a significant amount of time, as well as low acoustic capabilities limited by a flat hollow body and voice window.

The technical result is to ensure quick retuning and increase the acoustic capabilities of the musical instrument.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the harp contains a hollow body with a lower soundboard, an upper soundboard equipped with a resonator hole and differently tuned strings stretched between a tailpiece and pegs with rotary pins to change the tuning of the strings, and they are equipped with additional replaceable upper soundboards, in each of which a resonator hole is made with installed differently tuned strings, stretched between the tailpiece and the pegs; the body has the shape of a hollow cylinder or a hollow half-cylinder, on the inner surface of which there are blind slots for replaceable top soundboards.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by graphic materials, where in Fig. 1 shows a trapezoidal harp with a body in the form of a hollow cylinder, top view; in fig. 2 - body of a gusli in the form of a hollow cylinder, with a replaceable top deck installed in it, cross section; in fig. 3 - straight harp with a body in the form of a hollow half-cylinder, top view; in fig. 4 - body of the gusli in the form of a hollow half-cylinder without upper decks 3, cross section.

The gusli contains a hollow body 1, made in the form of a hollow cylinder (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) or a hollow half-cylinder (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) with a lower deck 2, forming with the body 1 a single rounded lower wall of the hollow cylinder or hollow half-cylinder with a radius equal to the radius of body 1.

The upper deck 3 is designed as a separate independent removable replaceable element of a stringed musical instrument, which does not have a rigid connection with the body 1.

In the upper soundboard 3 there is a resonator hole 4 and variously tuned strings 5 are installed, stretched between the tailpiece 6 and the pegs 7 with a stand 8 for the strings 5, which transmits the vibrations of the strings 5 to the soundboard 3.

The number of top decks 3 with different string tunings 5 can correspond to the number of specific musical compositions that the performer demonstrates.

On the inner surface of the body 1 there are paired slots 9 for the upper decks 3, with the possibility of installing the upper decks 3 in the slots 9. The widest decks 3 with a large number of strings 5 are placed in the slots 9 along the inner diameter of the body 1 or close to it.

It is possible to place several upper decks 3 in the internal slots 9 of the hollow body 1 at the same time. In this case, the widest upper decks 3 are located closer to the inner diameter of the body 1, and the less wide upper decks 3 are placed along the chord of the round or semicircular section of the body 1 under the wide upper decks 3.

To provide access for the performer's hands to the strings 5 of the upper decks 3, one large or two small windows 10 are made in the upper part of the body 1 for two hands or separately for each hand, respectively. In addition, access to the strings 5 is provided through the open ends of the body 1, made straight (Fig. 3) or with bevels (Fig. 1), providing additional directional output of sound waves from the vibration of the strings 5.

The harp is used as follows.

Before the concert, the performer pre-sets the strings of 5 different top decks 3, which will be used at the performance in accordance with the characteristics of the musical works, and installs the first top deck 3 into the internal slots 9 of the hollow body 1, overcoming the compressive pressure of the body 1. In this case, the elastic wooden body 1 is slightly deformed and tightly compresses the wooden upper deck 3.

Through window 10 or through the ends of body 1, the performer plays on strings 5 using some technique, for example, plucking, picking (arpeggio technique) or rattling technique, in which the right hand plays with an alternating stroke (alternately up and down), and the fingers of the left hand are muffled strings that are not included in the chord.

In the case of two windows 10 in housing 1, one hand of the performer is placed in one of the windows 10, and the other hand in the other window 10.

It is also possible to play the harp, in which one hand of the performer approaches the strings 5 through the window 10, and the other hand through the open ends of the body 1.

After performing the first piece, the user replaces the replaceable top deck 3 with another one, with a setting corresponding to the next piece of music.

The gusli allows you to install two or more replaceable top decks 3 in the body 1, performing musical works both through the windows 10 and through the open ends of the body 1 in the form of a hollow cylinder or a hollow half-cylinder, which allows you to have a musical instrument with two or more string settings 5 several top decks 3.

When performing musical works, vibrations from the strings 6 through the stand 8 are transmitted to the upper soundboard 3, and from it to the body 1 in the form of a hollow cylinder or a hollow half-cylinder. Part of the vibrations of the strings 5 through the resonator hole 4 also enters the internal cavity of the body 1.

Sound waves are reflected from the curved inner surface of the body 1, including the bottom deck 2, made integral with the body 1, directing the sound wave into the resonator hole 4 and into the open ends of the hollow body 1. The radius of curvature of the inner surface of the body 1 with the bottom deck 2 directs concentrated sound waves into the resonator hole 4 according to the law of sound wave reflection.

The technical result of ensuring quick retuning of a musical instrument is achieved by the fact that the psaltery is equipped with several upper soundboards with different tunings, corresponding to the pieces being performed, which are replaced by removing them from the slots of the body, with the subsequent installation of other upper soundboards with different string tuning characteristics in the slots of the body.

The technical result of increasing acoustic capabilities is achieved by the fact that the single inner surface of the body and bottom deck in the form of a hollow cylinder or half-cylinder reflects sound waves from the curved surface, directing them into the resonator hole. Moreover, part of the acoustic waves that did not enter the resonator hole exits through the open side ends of the housing.

Claims (1)

A gusli containing a hollow body with a lower soundboard, an upper soundboard equipped with a resonator hole and differently tuned strings stretched between a tailpiece and pegs with rotating pins to change the tuning of the strings, characterized in that they are equipped with additional replaceable upper soundboards, each of which has a resonator a hole with installed differently tuned strings, stretched between tailpieces and pegs; the body has the shape of a hollow cylinder or half-cylinder, on the inner surface of which there are blind slots for replaceable top soundboards.

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