RU2810616C1 - Gusli - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: musical instruments.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to Russian folk stringed musical instruments from the zither or lyre family, which is a resonator body with 5 to 20 strings stretched over it, and usually forming a diatonic scale, and, in particular, to classical gusli, trapezoidal academic gusli, to wing-shaped and lyre-shaped harps. The gusli consists of a hollow body with a soundboard equipped with a resonator hole, with strings installed on the soundboard and a stand for transmitting sound vibrations directly from the strings to the soundboard, and the soundboard is made in the form of a corrugation installed at an acute angle to the body with a slope along horizontally located strings, convex corrugation elements are located across the strings and serve as thresholds, between which the frets of a musical instrument are formed.

EFFECT: expanded performing capabilities.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to Russian folk stringed musical instruments from the family of zithers or lyres, which is a resonator body with 5 to 20 strings stretched over it, and forming, as a rule, a diatonic scale and, in particular, to classical gusli, trapezoidal academic gusli, to wing-shaped and lyre-shaped harps. Most often, the strings are located at a height of 10 - 20 mm from the top deck.

The peculiarity of the gusli is that each performer tunes the musical instrument in accordance with his preferences and the characteristics of the musical work. There are no specific rules for tuning the gusli and it all depends on the music that the performer will play.

There are known chromatic psalteries containing an all-metal body with a lever-damper mechanism consisting of four pedals with a special system of levers for each pedal connected to dampers and strings and allowing major and minor scales to be extracted from the chromatic psaltery, while the body is mounted on three legs in inclined position (SU 78782, G10D 1/2, 1950).

There are known keyboard harps, the mechanics of which are placed under the strings in a removable box (SU 39522, G10D 1/12, 1934).

A ringed harp is known with a trapezoidal body and a soundboard equipped with resonator holes, with two rows of differently tuned strings stretched on pegs located on opposite sides of the body, and with rotary pins for changing the tuning of the strings, and a cross arrangement of rows of strings in the vertical plane is used, while for each row of strings, a separate stand is mounted on the soundboard, equipped with through holes for free passage of the strings of the opposite row (SU 114779, G10D 1/12, 1958).

The closest in technical essence are concert harps with a playing window, including a body made in the form of an elongated body with fan-shaped strings installed along the entire length of the box, with a voice hole made on the upper soundboard, and on the inner surface of the upper soundboard with the creation of a stressed state and the formation of it On the convex surface, two longitudinally located wooden springs are fixed, while a stand is installed between the voice hole and the string fastening elements on the narrow side of the body to transmit sound vibrations directly from the strings to the soundboard (patent RU 143045, G10D 1/00, 2006).

The disadvantages of the known devices are limited performance capabilities associated with a limited number of strings and, as a consequence, a small number of notes and derivative notes.

The technical result is to expand performing capabilities.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the harp consists of a hollow body with a soundboard equipped with a resonator hole, with strings installed on the soundboard and a stand for transmitting sound vibrations directly from the strings to the soundboard, and the soundboard is made in the form of a corrugation installed at an acute angle to the body with a slope along horizontally located strings, convex corrugation elements are located across the strings and serve as thresholds, between which the frets of a musical instrument are formed.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by graphic materials, where in Fig. 1 shows a harp with a serrated profile of the upper deck, top view; in fig. 2 - harp with a serrated upper soundboard profile, longitudinal section; Fig 3 - a fragment of the wavy upper soundboard of a gusli with a string pressed with a finger, schematic diagram; in fig. 4 - soundboard with a one-sided serrated upper surface and with increasing distances between the teeth from the tailpiece to the pegs, longitudinal section.

The gusli consists of a hollow body 1 with a soundboard 2, equipped with at least one resonator hole 3, with strings 5 installed in a tailpiece 4, secured in pegs 6 supported by a stand 7 for transmitting sound vibrations directly from the strings 5 to the soundboard 2.

The deck 2 is made in the form of a corrugation having a toothed (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), sinusoidal (Fig. 3), square or trapezoidal profile and is made of dried wood, for example, spruce, fir, cedar, maple, alder, linden and other species, by milling corrugations.

Resonator holes 3 are made on the concave parts of the deck 2 corrugation (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).

It is possible to make the deck 2 with a toothed upper surface and a straight lower surface (Fig. 4) by analogy with a gear rack.

The convex elements of the corrugation 8 of the deck 2 act as saddles, are located across the strings 5 and can be made with equal or different distances between them, similar to the fret saddles of a number of stringed musical instruments, for example, a guitar.

The stand 7 is the first convex element of the soundboard 2 corrugation, which can be located both on the side of the tailpiece 4 and on the side of the pegs 6, depending on the design of the gusli.

In this case, the deck 2 in the form of a corrugation is installed at an acute angle to the body 1 with a slope running along the horizontally located strings 5 so that when you press the finger 9 on the string 5 between the convex elements 8 forming the fret, the string 5, bending, rests against the convex element 8 corrugation, which performs the function of a nut, despite the fact that the convex elements 8 of the corrugation of the deck 2 located below do not contact the string 5.

Gusli is used as follows.

The user tunes the musical instrument to perform a specific piece of music by changing the degree of tension of the strings with 5 pegs 6.

On the strings of 5 gusli, it is possible to play using the plucking technique, which consists of playing with the fingertips, the picking technique (arpeggio), in which a chord sequence of sounds is played in an ascending and descending movement, both with the fingers and with a pick, while playing with the right hand, muffling unnecessary sounds with the left hand when changing chords, as well as the jangling technique, in which the right hand plays an alternating stroke (alternately up and down) while the fingers of the left hand mute the strings that are not included in the chord.

The gusli allows you to obtain additional notes and derivative notes by pressing the finger 9 on the string 5 between the convex elements 8 of the corrugation of the soundboard 2, corresponding to the frets, while the convex elements 8 perform the function of the saddles of a musical instrument.

By pressing the fingers 9 of one hand on several strings 5 in various combinations and pressing them against various convex elements 8 of the corrugation, the performer models various chords by playing the fingers of the other hand on the strings 5.

In this case, the deck 2 in the form of a corrugation is installed at an acute angle to the body 1 with a slope oriented along the strings 5. This installation of the deck 2 at an angle to the body 1 eliminates contacts of the pressed string 5 with the underlying convex elements 8 of the corrugation, which act as thresholds.

The technical result of expanding performing capabilities is achieved by the fact that in addition to playing a musical instrument using several performing techniques, these psalteries with a soundboard in the form of a corrugation make it possible to simulate additional notes, derivative notes and chords due to the sills, the function of which is performed by the convex elements of the soundboard corrugations, between which frets of gusli.

Claims (1)

Gusli, consisting of a hollow body with a soundboard equipped with a resonator hole, with strings installed on the soundboard and a stand for transmitting sound vibrations directly from the strings to the soundboard, characterized in that the soundboard is made in the form of a corrugation, installed at an acute angle to the body with a slope along the horizontal arranged strings, the convex elements of the corrugation are located across the strings and serve as thresholds, between which the frets of a musical instrument are formed.

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