RU2806767C1 - Electromechanical transmission for hybrid vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: electromechanical transmission for a hybrid vehicle consists of three links connected in series, consisting of a generator connected to a differential, an electric motor and a gear changing the direction of rotation with a clutch to change the direction of rotation. The drive energy is supplied to the input of an asymmetrical planetary differential, which can rotate with the shaft. One differential output is connected to the driven shaft, and the second to the generator stator freely rotating on the shaft. The generator rotor is rigidly connected to the shaft. If there is an electrical load in the generator circuit, the stator is drawn behind the rotor by the Ampere force and partially blocks the differential.

EFFECT: limit of revolutions and torque on the output shaft is expanded and the smoothness of changes in gear ratio and torque is increased.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used in transport and other fields of technology.

The disadvantage of gear reducers is that when they are used, the transmission ratio is constant; in most cases, the engine does not operate at optimal speed, while efficiency deteriorates, and the load on the engine and transmission elements increases. The introduction of technologically complex devices into the design, stepwise or stepless gear ratio converters, as well as special devices, for example, hydraulic motors, leads to an increase in the cost of the design and a decrease in the degree of reliability. For an electric drive, it is known that it is possible to control the speed of an electric motor using frequency control. However, with frequency control it is impossible to radically increase the torque. Various circuit diagrams of synchronous electric motors are also known. They are described in the technical literature. For example: Lishchenko A.I. Synchronous motors with automatic excitation control. Kyiv. Publishing house "Technology" 1969, Kopylov I.P. Electrical machines - 2nd edition, revised - Moscow: Higher School; Logos, 2000, also in V.I. Klyuchev. Electric drive theory. - Moscow: Energoatomizdat 1985. Along with many positive qualities of electric motors, they have the main drawback that limits their use: the difficulty of changing the rotation speed over a wide range.

The objective of the invention is to achieve changes within a wide range of speed and torque on the output shaft of the device, control the operation of the engine in a constant optimal mode with a smooth change in the gear ratio and torque.

The transmission consists of three links connected in series that transmit torque from the drive to the driven shaft: a generator connected to the differential, an electric motor and a gear train that changes the direction of rotation with a clutch that controls the switching of the direction of rotation. The main link, in which the gear ratio and torque are converted, consists of an electric current generator connected to a planetary differential. Rotation is transmitted to the driven shaft through the differential gears and through the rotation of the generator with the differential around the axis. When the engine shaft rotates, the generator rotor and the central differential wheel rotate. One output of the differential, transmitting more torque, is connected to the driven shaft, and the second output is connected to the stator of the generator, which rotates freely on the shaft and tends to rotate in the opposite direction, but the adhesion force between the stator and the rotor, which occurs when there is an electrical load in the generator circuit drags the stator behind the rotor, partially blocking it and forces the entire differential with the generator to rotate around the drive shaft, increasing the speed of rotation of the driven shaft. As the load on the driven shaft increases, it slows down, the slip between the rotor and stator increases, and rotation is transmitted to a greater extent through the differential gears, while the speed on the driven shaft decreases and the torque increases. Current generated by the generator, in. It is mostly used by an electric motor mounted on a shaft and rotating the shaft together with the drive, as well as for charging the battery and powering other consumers of the vehicle. The device that changes the direction of rotation of the driven shaft has three positions: rotation of the driven shaft in the direction of rotation of the drive shaft, reverse rotation, and a neutral position, in which torque is not transmitted to the driven shaft.

The structure of the mechanism is illustrated by the drawing, in which FIG. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the mechanism as an example. The engine shaft 1 is connected to the central wheel of the planetary gear 6, which, through the clutch 2, can be fixed to the carrier 3 to block the operation of the differential. In this case, rotation is transmitted through satellites 4 to the crown 5. Clutch 2 has a neutral position, in which carrier 3 with satellites 4 rotates freely on the shaft. In this case, no torque is transmitted to the driven shaft. Also, coupling 2 has the ability to connect the carrier to the body, then the rotation of the driven shaft is reversed. From the crown of the planetary gear 5, rotation is transmitted to the rotor of the electric motor 7, the stator of which 8 is mounted on the housing, to the rotor of the generator 9, the stator of which 10 is connected to the crown of the planetary differential 11 and rotates freely on the shaft, and to the central wheel of the planetary differential 14. When the shaft rotates , and if there is an electrical load in the differential circuit, an Ampere force arises between the stator and the rotor, dragging the stator behind the rotor and partially blocking the differential. In this case, the torque is transmitted to the carrier 13 and the driven shaft 15. The electric current generated by the generator is transmitted to the rotor of the electric motor 7, which together with the motor rotates the driven shaft, as well as to the vehicle network. The electric motor can also be used as a starter to start the engine, as a generator for charging batteries and powering vehicle consumers when stopping and parking when the engine is running, and for recuperation during braking.

Claims (2)

1. An electromechanical transmission for a hybrid vehicle, characterized in that the mechanism consists of three links connected in series, consisting of a generator connected to a differential, an electric motor and a gear changing the direction of rotation with a clutch for switching the direction of rotation, while the drive energy is supplied to the input of an asymmetrical planetary differential capable of rotating with the shaft, one output of which is connected to the driven shaft, and the second output is connected to a generator stator freely rotating on the shaft, the rotor of which is rigidly connected to the shaft, and in the presence of an electrical load in the generator circuit, the generator stator , the resulting Ampere force is carried behind the rotor and partially blocks the differential, forcing it to rotate with the shaft, changing the transmission ratio in accordance with the ratio of the forces of electrical induction and the force required to move the vehicle. 2. The electromechanical transmission for a hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the gear changing the direction of rotation of the driven shaft connected to the clutch has the ability to include the forward direction of rotation of the driven shaft, reverse rotation and has a neutral position in which the torque from the drive is not transmitted to the driven shaft.

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