ITVE940028A1 - VARIATOR WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL SYNERGIC INTEGRATION OF SPEED AND TORQUE. - Google Patents
VARIATOR WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL SYNERGIC INTEGRATION OF SPEED AND TORQUE. Download PDFInfo
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- ITVE940028A1 ITVE940028A1 IT94VE000028A ITVE940028A ITVE940028A1 IT VE940028 A1 ITVE940028 A1 IT VE940028A1 IT 94VE000028 A IT94VE000028 A IT 94VE000028A IT VE940028 A ITVE940028 A IT VE940028A IT VE940028 A1 ITVE940028 A1 IT VE940028A1
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- electric
- generator
- differential
- electric generator
- variator
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- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
- B60K17/14—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing the motor of fluid or electric gearing being disposed in or adjacent to traction wheel
- B60K17/145—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing the motor of fluid or electric gearing being disposed in or adjacent to traction wheel the electric gearing being disposed in or adjacent to traction wheel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
- B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
- B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
- B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
- B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
- B60K2007/0038—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor moving together with the wheel axle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
- B60K2007/0092—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being coaxial to the wheel axle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
Abstract
Variatore ad integrazione sinergica elettromeccanica di regime e di coppia caratterizzato dal fatto di comprendere in combinazione:- un generatore (2) di energia meccanica,- un differenziale (4), il cui albero conduttore è accoppiato all'albero di uscita di detto generatore di energia meccanica (2),- almeno un generatore elettrico (6), il cui rotore è accoppiato ad un albero condotto di detto differenziale (4),- almeno un motore elettrico (8), il cui rotore è accoppiato all'altro albero condotto di detto differenziale (4) ed il cui statore è elettricamente connesso con detto generatore elettrico (6), e - mezzi (12) di controllo di detto generatore elettrico (6) in funzione dell'energia meccanica richiesta.Variator with synergic electromechanical speed and torque integration characterized in that it comprises in combination: - a generator (2) of mechanical energy, - a differential (4), the driving shaft of which is coupled to the output shaft of said generator. mechanical energy (2), - at least one electric generator (6), whose rotor is coupled to a driven shaft of said differential (4), - at least one electric motor (8), whose rotor is coupled to the other driven shaft of said differential (4) and whose stator is electrically connected with said electric generator (6), and - means (12) for controlling said electric generator (6) according to the mechanical energy required.
Description
La presente invenzione concerne un variatore ad integrazione sinergica elettromeccanica di regime e di coppia. The present invention relates to a speed and torque electromechanical synergic integration variator.
Sono noti variatori meccanici di regime e di coppia applicati tra l'uscita di un motore endotermico ed un utilizzatore esterno. Mechanical speed and torque variators applied between the output of an internal combustion engine and an external user are known.
Un noto variatore meccanico è costituito da un cambio, manuale od automatico, il quale consente di ottenere variazioni di regime solamente a gradini, presenta un limitato numero di rapporti e comporta una grande complessità realizzativa ed un basso rendimento. A known mechanical variator is constituted by a manual or automatic gearbox, which allows to obtain speed variations only in steps, has a limited number of ratios and entails great manufacturing complexity and low efficiency.
Sono anche noti variatori meccanici a pulegge, i quali si basano essenzialmente sul principio di variare il rapporto di trasmissione al variare del diametro della pulegge accoppiate tra loro con una cinghia. Mechanical pulley variators are also known, which are essentially based on the principle of varying the transmission ratio as the diameter of the pulleys coupled together with a belt varies.
Attualmente non esistono variatori di regime e di coppia in grado di integrare tra loro l'energia meccanica e l'energia elettrica in relazione alle mutabili condizioni di utilizzazione. Currently there are no speed and torque variators capable of integrating mechanical energy and electrical energy together in relation to the changing conditions of use.
Scopo primario dell'invenzione è di realizzare un variatore di regime e di coppia che sia in grado di effettuare una integrazione sinergica tra l'energia meccanica prodotta da un motore endotermico e l'energia meccanica prodotta da un motore elettrico. The primary purpose of the invention is to provide a speed and torque variator which is capable of carrying out a synergistic integration between the mechanical energy produced by an internal combustion engine and the mechanical energy produced by an electric motor.
Altro scopo dell'invenzione è di realizzare un variatore elettromeccanico che sia applicabile ad un autoveicolo per rendere possibile il suo utilizzo a scelta con trazione meccanica, elettrica o mista. Another object of the invention is to provide an electromechanical variator which can be applied to a motor vehicle to make it possible to use it with either mechanical, electric or mixed drive.
Altro scopo dell'invenzione è di realizzare un variatore elettromeccanico continuo di velocità di rotazione da 0 al valore massimo. Another object of the invention is to provide a continuous electromechanical speed variator of rotation from 0 to the maximum value.
Altro scopo dell'invenzione è di realizzare un variatore elettromeccanico continuo che presenti un elevato rendimento. Another object of the invention is to provide a continuous electromechanical variator which has a high efficiency.
Altro scopo dell'invenzione è di realizzare un variatore elettromeccanico continuo che consenta di utilizzare un motore endotermico funzionante a regime costante. Another object of the invention is to provide a continuous electromechanical variator which allows to use an internal combustion engine operating at constant speed.
Altro scopo dell'invenzione è realizzare un variatore elettro-meccanico che sia accoppiabile ad un utilizzatore esterno di energia meccanica, ad esempio un autoveicolo, senza la necessità di alcun innesto a frizione. Another object of the invention is to provide an electro-mechanical variator that can be coupled to an external user of mechanical energy, for example a motor vehicle, without the need for any friction clutch.
Tutti questi scopi ed altri che risulteranno dalla descrizione che segue sono raggiunti, secondo l'invenzione, con un variatore ad integrazione sinergica elettromeccanica di regime e di coppia, caratterizzato dal fatto di comprendere in combinazione: All these objects and others that will result from the following description are achieved, according to the invention, with a speed and torque electromechanical synergic integration variator, characterized in that it comprises in combination:
- almeno un generatore di energia meccanica, - at least one mechanical energy generator,
- un differenziale, il cui albero conduttore è accoppiato all'albero di uscita di detto generatore di energia meccanica, - a differential, the driving shaft of which is coupled to the output shaft of said mechanical energy generator,
- almeno un generatore elettrico il cui rotore è accoppiato ad un albero condotto di detto differenziale, - at least one electric generator whose rotor is coupled to a driven shaft of said differential,
- un motore elettrico, il cui rotore è accoppiato all'altro albero condotto di detto differenziale ed il cui statore è elettricamente connesso con detto generatore elettrico, e - mezzi di controllo di detto generatore elettrico in funzione dell'energia meccanica richiesta. - an electric motor, whose rotor is coupled to the other driven shaft of said differential and whose stator is electrically connected to said electric generator, and - means for controlling said electric generator as a function of the mechanical energy required.
La presente invenzione viene qui di seguito ulteriormente chiarita in una sua preferita forma di pratica realizzazione riportata a scopo puramente esemplificativo e non limitativo con riferimento alle allegate tavole di disegni, in cui: The present invention is further clarified hereinafter in a preferred embodiment thereof given purely by way of non-limiting example with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
la figura 1 mostra uno schema a blocchi del variatore di regime e di coppia secondo l'invenzione, Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the speed and torque variator according to the invention,
la figura 2 lo mostra applicato ad un autoveicolo a due ruote motrici, e Figure 2 shows it applied to a two-wheel drive motor vehicle, and
la figura 3 lo mostra applicato ad un autoveicolo a quattro ruote motrici. Figure 3 shows it applied to a four-wheel drive motor vehicle.
Come si vede dalle figure il variatore di regime e di coppia secondo l'invenzione comprende un motore endotermico 2, che può essere costituito da un motore a scoppio o da una turbina. As can be seen from the figures, the speed and torque variator according to the invention comprises an internal combustion engine 2, which can be constituted by an internal combustion engine or a turbine.
L'albero di uscita di detto motore endotermico 2 è direttamente accoppiato all'albero conduttore di un differenziale 4, ad esempio di tipo epicicloidale, avente un albero condotto accoppiato al rotore di un generatore elettrico 6 e l'altro albero condotto accoppiato al rotore di un motore elettrico 8, il cui statore è alimentato dal generatore elettrico 6. The output shaft of said internal combustion engine 2 is directly coupled to the driving shaft of a differential 4, for example of the epicyclic type, having a driven shaft coupled to the rotor of an electric generator 6 and the other driven shaft coupled to the rotor of an electric motor 8, the stator of which is powered by the electric generator 6.
Dallo stesso rotore del motore elettrico 8 è derivata una presa di forza per l'utilizzazione esterna, che può essere costituita ad esempio dall'albero di trasmissione 10 di un autoveicolo. A power take-off for external use is derived from the same rotor of the electric motor 8, which can be constituted for example by the transmission shaft 10 of a motor vehicle.
L'invenzione comprende anche una centralina elettronica 12, in grado di svolgere una pluralità di funzioni, quali il controllo dell'eccitazione del generatore elettrico 6 in funzione della velocità di rotazione del motore endotermico 2 e/o della potenza richiesta, la gestione dell'invio dell'energia elettrica prodotta dal generatore 6 al motore 8 e/o a batterie 14 , nonché dalle batterie 14 al motore 8 e dal motore 8 alle batterie 14. The invention also includes an electronic control unit 12, capable of performing a plurality of functions, such as the control of the excitation of the electric generator 6 as a function of the rotation speed of the internal combustion engine 2 and / or the power required, the management of the sending of the electricity produced by the generator 6 to the engine 8 and / or to batteries 14, as well as from the batteries 14 to the engine 8 and from the engine 8 to the batteries 14.
Il funzionamento del variatore di regime e di coppia secondo l'invenzione è il seguente: The operation of the speed and torque variator according to the invention is as follows:
si supponga per un momento che la centralina 12 sia regolata in modo da non fornire corrente di eccitazione al generatore 6 per velocità di rotazione del motore endotermico 2 al di sotto di un prefissato valore di soglia V0 e che al rotore del motore elettrico 8 sia applicato un carico, ad esempio l'albero di trasmissione 10 dell'autoveicolo. suppose for a moment that the control unit 12 is adjusted so as not to supply excitation current to the generator 6 for the rotation speed of the internal combustion engine 2 below a predetermined threshold value V0 and that the rotor of the electric motor 8 is applied a load, for example the drive shaft 10 of the motor vehicle.
Pertanto fino a che detto motore 2 ruota a velocità inferiore a V0, l'energia meccanica generata dal motore 2 viene totalmente trasmessa al rotore del generatore 6 che ruota in folle. Therefore, as long as said motor 2 rotates at a speed lower than V0, the mechanical energy generated by the motor 2 is totally transmitted to the rotor of the generator 6 which rotates in neutral.
Se ora si provoca un aumento della velocità di rotazione del motore 2 ad un valore superiore a V0, ad esempio agendo sull'acceleratore, oppure si provoca una diminuzione della soglia di intervento dell'eccitazione del generatore elettrico 6, agendo su apposito comando della centralina 12, questa comanda l'invio di una corrente di eccitazione dalle batterie 14 al generatore 6, che comincia a generare energia elettrica con la conseguenza che da un lato viene alimentato il motore elettrico 8 e d'altro lato viene generata nel generatore 6 una forza controelettromotrice che tende a frenare l'albero condotto accoppiato a detto generatore ed a deviare in tal modo parte dell'energia meccanica, ricevuta dal motore endotermico 2, verso il motore elettrico 8. If you now cause an increase in the speed of rotation of the motor 2 to a value higher than V0, for example by acting on the accelerator, or you cause a decrease in the activation threshold of the excitation of the electric generator 6, by acting on a specific control of the control unit 12, this commands the sending of an excitation current from the batteries 14 to the generator 6, which begins to generate electrical energy with the consequence that on the one hand the electric motor 8 is powered and on the other hand a force is generated in the generator 6 counter electromotive which tends to brake the driven shaft coupled to said generator and thus divert part of the mechanical energy received by the internal combustion engine 2 towards the electric motor 8.
Entrambe queste conseguenze causano pertanto la rotazione del motore 8 e poiché la centralina 12 fornisce al generatore 6 una corrente di eccitazione tanto maggiore quanto maggiore è lo scostamento tra la velocità effettiva Ve del motore e la velocità di soglia V0, è chiaro che all 'aumentare della velocità V e la forza controelettromotrice sviluppata nel generatore 6, aumenta progressivamente e ciò provoca un progressivo rallentamento dell'albero condotto del differenziale 4, accoppiato a detto generatore 6, ed un corrispondente progressivo aumento di velocità e di coppia del rotore del motore elettrico 8 e quindi dell'albero di trasmissione 10 dell'autoveicolo ad esso collegato. Il controllo dell'eccitazione può avvenire per una marcata differenza tra V0 e Ve oppure per una differenza che tende a zero o che sia zero. Se poi al raggiungimento di un prefissato valore minimo di velocità del rotore del generatore 6 si provoca il suo totale arresto, ad esempio mediante un freno 16, controllato dalla centralina 12, si ha un accoppiamento meccanico diretto tra l'albero di uscita del motore endotermico 2 e l'albero di trasmissione 10 accoppiato al rotore del motore elettrico 8. Both of these consequences therefore cause the rotation of the motor 8 and since the control unit 12 supplies the generator 6 with an excitation current, the greater the greater the deviation between the actual speed Ve of the motor and the threshold speed V0, it is clear that as the of the speed V and the counter-electromotive force developed in the generator 6, increases progressively and this causes a progressive slowing down of the driven shaft of the differential 4, coupled to said generator 6, and a corresponding progressive increase in speed and torque of the rotor of the electric motor 8 and therefore the transmission shaft 10 of the motor vehicle connected thereto. Excitation control can take place for a marked difference between V0 and Ve or for a difference that tends to zero or is zero. If then, upon reaching a predetermined minimum speed value of the rotor of the generator 6, its total stop is caused, for example by means of a brake 16, controlled by the control unit 12, there is a direct mechanical coupling between the output shaft of the endothermic engine 2 and the transmission shaft 10 coupled to the rotor of the electric motor 8.
Come si è detto, il freno 16 è controllato dalla centralina 12 e preferibilmente viene attivato quando il regime del motore 2 supera il valore cui corrisponde la massima eccitazione, e viene disattivato quando detto regime scende al di sotto del valore di soglia V0. As stated, the brake 16 is controlled by the control unit 12 and is preferably activated when the speed of the engine 2 exceeds the value corresponding to the maximum excitation, and is deactivated when said speed falls below the threshold value V0.
E' da notare che una parte dell'energia elettrica generata dal generatore 6 può essere utilizzata, su controllo della centralina 12, per caricare le batterie 14, così come l'energia elettrica generata dal motore elettrico 8, quand'esso funziona come freno nelle fasi di decelerazione, può essere utilizzata per caricare le batterie 14, le quali comunque potranno essere completamente ricaricate dalla rete elettrica durante gli stazionamenti. It should be noted that part of the electrical energy generated by the generator 6 can be used, controlled by the control unit 12, to charge the batteries 14, as well as the electrical energy generated by the electric motor 8, when it functions as a brake in the deceleration phases, it can be used to charge the batteries 14, which in any case can be completely recharged by the electric mains during parking.
E' anche possibile che le batterie siano utilizzate, a richiesta, per fornire un supplemento di energia elettrica al motore 8 ed ottenere in tal modo una maggiore energia meccanica nei momenti di particolari richieste. It is also possible that the batteries are used, on request, to supply a supplement of electrical energy to the motor 8 and thus obtain greater mechanical energy in the moments of particular requests.
Nelle condizioni di veicolo fermo è anche possibile alimentare il generatore elettrico 6 con le batterie 14 tramite la centralina 12 e farlo funzionare da motore, che può essere vantaggiosamente utilizzato come motorino di avviamento del motore endotermico 2. Questo motore endotermico 2 peraltro può anche essere avviato attraverso il motore elettrico 8 con l ' autoveicolo in marcia , pur di bloccare il generatore 6. When the vehicle is stationary, it is also possible to power the electric generator 6 with the batteries 14 by means of the control unit 12 and make it work as an engine, which can be advantageously used as a starter motor for the internal combustion engine 2. This internal combustion engine 2 can also be started. through the electric motor 8 with the vehicle running, in order to block the generator 6.
Come si è detto l'albero di uscita del motore elettrico 8 e cioè l'albero del suo rotore, può essere accoppiato all'albero di trasmissione 10 di un autoveicolo ed alimentare in tal modo, tramite un differenziale 18 i due semiassi 20 delle ruote motrici 22. As has been said, the output shaft of the electric motor 8, that is the shaft of its rotor, can be coupled to the transmission shaft 10 of a motor vehicle and thus feed, through a differential 18, the two half-shafts 20 of the wheels. tractor units 22.
Nel caso la particolare utilizzazione dell'autoveicolo secondo l'invenzione richieda l'impiego di un differenziale autobloccante , anziché usare questo si potrà usare un differenziale normale 18, direttamente accoppiato al differenziale 4 ed una coppia di motori elettrici 24 applicati ai due alberi condotti di detto differenziale 18, i quali costituiscono i due semiassi 20 dell'autoveicolo (cfr. figura 2). In questo caso entrambi i motori sono alimentati dal generatore 6 tramite la centralina 12 , che invia l'energia elettrica prevalentemente sul motore 24 applicato al semiasse 20 che ruota più lentamente e/o frena eventualmente il motore 24 applicato al semiasse 20 che ruota più velocemente. In case the particular use of the motor vehicle according to the invention requires the use of a self-locking differential, instead of using this, it is possible to use a normal differential 18, directly coupled to the differential 4 and a pair of electric motors 24 applied to the two driven shafts of said differential 18, which constitute the two half-shafts 20 of the motor vehicle (see Figure 2). In this case both motors are powered by the generator 6 through the control unit 12, which sends the electrical energy mainly to the motor 24 applied to the half shaft 20 which rotates more slowly and / or possibly brakes the motor 24 applied to the half shaft 20 which rotates more quickly. .
Nel caso poi di un autoveicolo a quattro ruote motrici, l'albero condotto dal differenziale 4 non collegato al generatore elettrico 6, è collegato all'albero conduttore di un differenziale 26, i cui alberi condotti costituiscono i due alberi conduttori di due differenziali 18 per le due coppie di ruote motrici 22. A ciascuno dei due semiassi 20 di entrambi i differenziali 18 è applicato un motore elettrico 24, alimentato dal generatore 6 tramite la centralina di controllo 12 (cfr. fig. 3). In the case of a four-wheel drive motor vehicle, the shaft driven by the differential 4, not connected to the electric generator 6, is connected to the driving shaft of a differential 26, the driven shafts of which constitute the two driving shafts of two differentials 18 for the two pairs of driving wheels 22. An electric motor 24 is applied to each of the two half-shafts 20 of both differentials 18, powered by the generator 6 through the control unit 12 (see Fig. 3).
A prescindere comunque dalla particolare applicazione del variatore secondo l'invenzione, esso comunque si presenta particolarmente vantaggioso ed in particolare: Regardless of the particular application of the variator according to the invention, it is in any case particularly advantageous and in particular:
- effettua una totale integrazione tra il motore endotermico '2 ed il motore elettrico 8, consentendo in particolare di realizzare autoveicoli "ibridi" cioè a trazione elettrica, meccanica o mista a scelta, - carries out a total integration between the endothermic engine '2 and the electric motor 8, allowing in particular to create "hybrid" vehicles, that is to say with electric, mechanical or mixed traction of your choice,
- consente di variare con continuità la velocità dell'albero di uscita da 0 al valore massimo, corrispondente alla presa diretta, - allows you to continuously vary the speed of the output shaft from 0 to the maximum value, corresponding to direct drive,
- può essere utilizzato come motore elettrico, richiedendo solamente un'eventuale ricarica delle batterie 14, che tra l'altro durante il funzionamento del motore endotermico 2 vengono mantenute sempre in condizione carica. Se poi si alimenta il motore elettrico in modo che questi inverta il senso di rotazione, nella applicazione ad un autoveicolo si può effettuare la retromarcia in forma assai semplice, senza necessità di alcun intervento meccanico, - it can be used as an electric motor, requiring only a possible recharging of the batteries 14, which among other things during the operation of the internal combustion engine 2 are always kept in a charged condition. If the electric motor is then powered so that it reverses the direction of rotation, in the application to a vehicle it is possible to reverse in a very simple way, without the need for any mechanical intervention.
- fornisce l'energia meccanica a velocità di rotazione variabile, pur potendo utilizzare un motore endotermico 2 previsto per funzionare a regime costante, e quindi con elevato rendimento e basse emissioni nocive. Se poi anziché usare un motore a scoppio si usa una turbina, il rendimento risulta ancor più elevato; in questo caso la centralina 12 può provvedere ad accendere e spegnere periodicamente la turbina in funzione delle condizioni di carica delle batterie, - it supplies mechanical energy at variable rotation speed, even though it is possible to use an internal combustion engine 2 designed to operate at constant speed, and therefore with high efficiency and low noxious emissions. If a turbine is used instead of using an internal combustion engine, the efficiency is even higher; in this case the control unit 12 can periodically turn the turbine on and off according to the charging conditions of the batteries,
- consente di ottenere un accoppiamento morbido tra il motore endotermico 2 e l'utilizzazione senza richiedere l'impiego di un innesto a frizione, - it allows to obtain a soft coupling between the internal combustion engine 2 and the utilization without requiring the use of a friction clutch,
- esclude l'eventualità di un "fuori giri" del motore endotermico 2, - excludes the possibility of an "over-revving" of the internal combustion engine 2,
- consente di ottenere un controllo parzialmente o totalmente automatizzato del variatore stesso, con una idonea programmazione della centralina 12. - allows to obtain a partially or totally automated control of the variator itself, with a suitable programming of the control unit 12.
La presente invenzione è stata illustrata e descritta in una sua preferita forma di realizzazione, ma si intende che varianti esecutive potranno ad essa in pratica apportarsi, senza peraltro uscire dall'ambito di protezione del presente brevetto per invenzione industriale. The present invention has been illustrated and described in a preferred embodiment thereof, but it is understood that executive variations may be applied to it in practice, without however departing from the scope of protection of the present patent for industrial invention.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT94VE000028A ITVE940028A1 (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1994-06-09 | VARIATOR WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL SYNERGIC INTEGRATION OF SPEED AND TORQUE. |
| AU26738/95A AU2673895A (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1995-06-02 | Variable-speed drive of electromechanical type with torque conversion |
| PCT/EP1995/002101 WO1995033630A1 (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1995-06-02 | Variable-speed drive of electromechanical type with torque conversion |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT94VE000028A ITVE940028A1 (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1994-06-09 | VARIATOR WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL SYNERGIC INTEGRATION OF SPEED AND TORQUE. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ITVE940028A0 ITVE940028A0 (en) | 1994-06-09 |
| ITVE940028A1 true ITVE940028A1 (en) | 1995-12-09 |
Family
ID=11424018
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT94VE000028A ITVE940028A1 (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1994-06-09 | VARIATOR WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL SYNERGIC INTEGRATION OF SPEED AND TORQUE. |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2673895A (en) |
| IT (1) | ITVE940028A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995033630A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2752778B1 (en) * | 1996-08-27 | 1998-10-09 | Smh Management Services Ag | TANDEM DRIVE UNIT WITH REDUCERS AND ELECTRIC OR HYBRID DRIVE VEHICLE COMPRISING SUCH A GROUP |
| US7000717B2 (en) | 2001-10-23 | 2006-02-21 | The Timken Company | Output power split hybrid electric drive system |
| US7624828B2 (en) * | 2006-05-04 | 2009-12-01 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Vehicle power transfer system and method, and vehicle using the same |
| DE102006048737B3 (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-04-30 | Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh | Drive for a tracked vehicle |
| GB2449051B (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2009-05-27 | Lotus Car | Hybrid vehicle |
| DE102010017420A1 (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2011-12-22 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Hybrid powertrain |
| CN102555798A (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2012-07-11 | 王怀成 | Power-generation driving axle |
| CN104827884B (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2017-07-11 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | Power output system and the vehicle with it |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4562894A (en) * | 1982-02-03 | 1986-01-07 | Yang Tai Her | Coupling multi driving system |
-
1994
- 1994-06-09 IT IT94VE000028A patent/ITVE940028A1/en unknown
-
1995
- 1995-06-02 AU AU26738/95A patent/AU2673895A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-06-02 WO PCT/EP1995/002101 patent/WO1995033630A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ITVE940028A0 (en) | 1994-06-09 |
| WO1995033630A1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
| AU2673895A (en) | 1996-01-04 |
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