RU2805797C1 - Method of diagnosing and developing psychomotor skills - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sports medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to high-tech methods of assessing and developing human psychomotor skills and is intended for training athletes in team sports. The following is proposed: a method in which the diagnostics and development of athletes' psychomotor skills is carried out on a field with controlled dynamic light illumination. A light emitter is used to create a light zone simulating an opponent, which the athlete must go around a specified number of times. Changing the position of the light zone and testing modes is set by the hardware and software complex or manually. A light zone with contrasting boundaries simulating an opponent or an obstacle is formed in the form of a circle of a given size with halves clearly highlighted optically. One half of the zone, which has an optical highlight, is set as a signal to prohibit the athlete’s movement, the other is set as a signal for free passage. Thus, by changing the images of the zone, four options for the athlete’s action are formed in shifts: stop — movement is prohibited, movement is not limited, movement is allowed only to the right of the zone, movement is allowed only to the left of the zone. When performing a proposed test or exercise with a light zone, an athlete takes into account its configuration, trying to prevent bypassing a prohibited signal. The hardware and software complex performs video recording of the athlete’s movement and zone configuration, and records the athlete’s actions and mistakes. The special is that the simulation of an opponent or obstacle is performed by a gobo projector mounted above the athlete’s field of action on a drone flying at a given altitude according to a given program or on a suspended or cantilever-lever structure located on the field of action of the subject. The gobo projector is equipped with: four or three types of stencils, which form instructions for a given direction of traversing the light zone and provide guidance to the athlete’s actions; a given number of ring stencils that change the size of the light zone; projector mounting unit, providing two degrees of freedom of movement of its stencils. A given drive is used to deflect the projector at a given angle from the vertical axis, ensuring movement of its projections across the field relative to the location of the projector to increase the area where the projection is likely to be located on the athlete’s field of action. According to a given program, by changing a stencil or a given combination of several stencils in a gobo projector, as well as by positioning it on the projection field, tests or developmental exercises are formed. The given order of tests or training is carried out with or without sports equipment. In the absence of technical errors by the athlete, the area and/or speed of switching the projection of the zone, as well as the speed and/or range of movement of the zone across the field, is increased until the athlete can perform the specified actions accurately. The specified parameters are recorded and the database is formed, the said database contains the quantitative characteristics of the transformation and the speed of movement of the zone at the time the athlete’s errors occur. By the maximum frequency of changing stencils, the maximum size of the projected zones, the maximum speed of movement at which he performs the specified test accurately, the level of development of his psychomotor skills is judged.

EFFECT: invention improves the efficiency of diagnostics and development of psychomotor skills of athletes through the use of relatively cheap gobo projectors in combination with special additional elements and features for controlling the complex systems.

1 cl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to high-tech methods for assessing and developing human psychomotor skills. First of all, it is intended for training athletes in team sports. At the same time, this invention can be used in the selection and training of special-purpose contingents of law enforcement agencies, as well as in health-saving and rehabilitation programs for the population of different ages.

Psychomotor functions develop purposefully during sports training: those processes and reactions that are necessary to control movements in a particular sport become more accurate and faster. If during sports training you rationally and purposefully develop the necessary psychomotor qualities, you can get an additional effect of increasing technical skill. Without a doubt, improving the regulatory functions of psychomotor skills is an additional way to increase performance in sports activities [1]. To date, certain issues in technologies for assessing and developing psychomotor skills have not yet been resolved. They deserve further study and the creation of new high-tech complexes and scientific and methodological developments.

State of the art.

Gobo projectors are known [2]. A Gobo projector is a spotlight with a lamp, a lens and a stencil that is installed between the lamp and the lens. Light from the lamp passes through the image and transfers (projects) the image onto any light-reflecting surface. Gobo projectors are widely used in advertising, but their use for diagnosing and developing the psychomotor skills of athletes is unknown.

There is a known method for training athletes in team sports [3], which includes elements of performing training on a field with controlled dynamic lighting. Light emitters form light zones that imitate opponents, which the athlete must bypass a specified number of times. Changing light zones and training modes is set by hardware and software or manually. In this method, a given number of stationary light zones with contrasting boundaries, simulating opponents, is formed in the form of a one-color or two-color circle of a given size. In this case, the rival light zones, illuminated in two colors, have a boundary between the colored halves, which runs along a line passing through the center of the zone and the athlete’s starting point. One color of the zone is set as a signal for prohibiting the movement of an athlete, the other as a signal for free passage. Thus, in shifts, four options for the athlete’s actions are formed: stop - movement is prohibited, movement is not limited, movement is allowed only to the right of the zone, movement is allowed only to the left of the zone. To bring training conditions closer to real game conditions, the lighting of each zone is unpredictable for the athlete, switched programmatically or manually by the researcher. The athlete, when tracing the zone, takes into account the position and dynamics of changes in the zone's illumination, and does not allow tracing to a prohibited signal. The hardware and software complex performs video recording of the athlete’s movement and records the athlete’s mistakes. In the absence of errors by the athlete, the area and speed of change of zones is increased until the athlete can accurately trace them. Based on the athlete’s maximum speed, transformation speed and zone area in which the athlete does not make mistakes while performing this exercise, the athlete’s technical preparedness and the quality of his motor actions are judged.

The complexity of generating video content and the high price of the necessary digital projection systems of the complex are a significant drawback of this method, which limits the practical application of this invention.

Close in technical essence to the proposed method for diagnosing and developing the psychomotor skills of athletes is the method according to the patent [4], where training to dribble an opponent is carried out on the playing field with controlled dynamic light illumination. In this method, gobo projectors with special stencils form a specified number of light zones simulating opponents, which the athlete must bypass a specified number of times. Changing the position of light zones and training modes is set by the software and hardware complex or manually. A given number of light zones with contrasting boundaries, simulating opponents, is formed in the form of a circle of a given size with halves clearly highlighted optically. One half of the zone, which has an optical highlight, is set as a signal to prohibit the athlete’s movement, the other - as a signal for free passage. Thus, by changing the images of the zones, four options for the athlete’s actions are formed in shifts: stop - movement is prohibited, movement is not limited, movement is allowed only to the right of the zone, movement is allowed only to the left of the zone. An athlete, when dribbling a zone, takes into account the position of the zone and does not allow dribbling on an illegal signal. The hardware and software complex performs video recording of the athlete’s movement and records the athlete’s mistakes. If there are no errors by the athlete, the speed of switching zone images is increased until the athlete can trace them without error.

The disadvantage of this method is limited functionality. The above method is not intended for diagnostics and development of psychomotor skills of athletes. Specialists are aware of the technical difficulty of instantly switching projector images. Requires image rotation at high speeds. At the same time, this method does not fully realize the potential of the technical resources used: the projector works pointwise, there is no movement of the image of a conditional opponent or obstacle across the athlete’s field of action.

The technical result to which the proposed invention is aimed is to increase the efficiency of diagnostics and development of psychomotor skills of athletes through the use of relatively cheap gobo projectors in combination with special additional elements and features for controlling the complex systems.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the diagnosis and development of the psychomotor skills of athletes is carried out on a field with controlled dynamic light illumination. A light emitter is used to create a light zone simulating an opponent, which the athlete must go around a specified number of times. Changing the position of the light zone and testing modes is set by the hardware and software complex or manually. A light zone with contrasting boundaries, simulating an opponent or an obstacle, is formed in the form of a circle of a given size with halves clearly highlighted optically. One half of the zone, which has an optical highlight, is set as a signal to prohibit the athlete’s movement, the other - as a signal for free passage. Thus, by changing the images of the zone, four options for the athlete’s action are formed in shifts: stop - movement is prohibited, movement is not limited, movement is allowed only to the right of the zone, movement is allowed only to the left of the zone. An athlete, when performing a proposed test or exercise with a light zone, takes into account its configuration, trying to prevent bypassing a prohibited signal. The hardware and software complex performs video recording of the athlete’s movement and zone configuration, and records the athlete’s actions and mistakes. What is new is that the imitation of an opponent or an obstacle is performed by a gobo projector mounted above the athlete’s field of action on a drone flying at a given altitude according to a given program or on a suspended or cantilever-lever structure located on the field of action of the subject.

In this case, the gobo projector is equipped with:

- four or three types of stencils, which form instructions for a given direction of bypassing the light zone, provide guidance to the athlete’s actions;

- a given number of ring stencils that change the size of the light zone;

- a projector mounting unit, providing two degrees of freedom of movement of its stencils.

Using a given drive, the projector is deflected at a given angle from the vertical axis, ensuring the movement of its projections across the field, relative to the location of the projector, to increase the area where the projection is likely to be located on the athlete’s field of action.

According to a given program, by changing a stencil or a given combination of several stencils in a gobo projector, as well as by positioning it on the projection field, tests or developmental exercises are formed.

The given order of tests or training is carried out with or without sports equipment.

In the absence of technical errors by the athlete, the area and/or speed of switching the projection of the zone, as well as the speed and/or range of movement of the zone across the field, is increased until the athlete can accurately perform the specified actions.

The specified parameters are recorded and a database is formed of the quantitative characteristics of the transformation and the speed of movement of the zone at the moment the athlete’s errors occur.

By the maximum frequency of changing stencils in a gobo projector with a given orientation relative to the athlete, the maximum size of the projected zones, the maximum speed of movement of images of the gobo projector zones across the athlete’s field of action, at which he performs an accurately specified test, the level of development of the athlete’s psychomotor skills is judged.

This is a set of essential features that ensures the achievement of a technical result in all cases covered by the requested scope of legal protection.

The proposed method for diagnosing and developing psychomotor skills is carried out as follows. The researcher or athlete selects a program that sets a mode for diagnostics or development of psychomotor skills, in which a light projection zone is formed on the playing field, formed by a gobo projector, which simulates the opposition of an opponent. Changing the light zone projected by the gobo projector and/or moving the zone projection across the playing field can be done manually by the researcher or by the hardware and software system.

Depending on the athlete’s preparedness, the following are set: the speed of change in size, content (type) and stop time of the zone with a given orientation, the speed of movement of the gobo projector projection relative to the athlete. For beginning athletes, the minimum size, the minimum frequency of changing the orientation or type of zone, and the speed of movement of the gobo projector projection relative to the athlete are established. More prepared athletes are presented with complex tasks that simulate a game with an experienced opponent.

The athlete’s task is to circle or go around the light zone without sports equipment a specified number of times at the maximum possible speed. An error is considered to be an athlete entering the area of the light zone or performing a dribble (bypass) on an illegal signal.

In the absence of errors by the athlete, the area of the zone, the dynamics of changes in its orientation relative to the athlete, a change in its appearance, and the speed of movement of the gobo projector projection above the playing field are increased until the athlete can accurately perform the proposed exercise.

Example 1. A football player I is invited for diagnostics, age 25 years, in front of him on the playing court with a ball there is a light zone with a diameter of 2 m. The zone is created on the field using a gobo projector mounted on a console structure, which is driven by a software and hardware complex according to a program selected by the researcher from the program library. At the same time, the researcher selects stencils for the projector’s gobos from a previously prepared set. The zone is formed as a circle of light with the outer side 3 cm thick and filling half of the circle with light. The opponent is simulated by a light zone that moves at a speed of 1.5 km/h in the opposite direction from the player. The football player's task is to dribble around the opponent 30 times. After testing the subject, the hardware and software complex automatically displays diagnostic data on the monitor, from which the researcher draws conclusions about the state of the subject’s psychomotor skills.

Example 2. Basketball player S., age 27, was invited to perform training exercises. Using a gobo projector mounted on a drone, which, using a gyroscopic system, hovered above the field at a height of 3 meters, a light zone with a diameter of 1 m is projected in front of the player on the court. To form several types of zones in the gobo projector’s cage, the researcher installed 3 stencils: ring, fill with light from the left half of the circle, filling the right half of the circle with light. Taking into account the program orientation of the drone relative to the athlete, and the choice of a stencil or several stencils, different projections of zones can be presented simultaneously: a stop signal (complete illumination of the zone circle with two stencils), a signal - passage is allowed from any side (ring), passage is allowed only from the right ( illumination of the left sector of the circle) and passage is allowed only from the left (exposure of the right sector of the circle). The drone, its movements, and light zones are controlled by a researcher or a hardware and software system. The light zone imitates an opponent in multiple modes. Optimal training loads are selected, in which the athlete must dribble a specified number of times. At the end of the training session, the hardware and software complex automatically shows how the athlete’s psychomotor performance has changed.

When implementing the proposed method, known technical solutions and means can be used; known or original software can be used for computer processing of information and control of the gobo projector.

The inventive method makes it possible to diagnose and develop the psychomotor skills of athletes in team sports with or without sports equipment, to individualize testing tasks, simulating game situations of varying complexity, to increase the efficiency of testing, bringing it closer to conditions close to game ones.

By diagnosing the indicators of tests at different times, it is possible to assess the dynamics of the development of athletes’ psychomotor skills and make appropriate adjustments to their training process.

It is obvious that the set of techniques and the order of practical actions in this invention ensures the achievement of the stated technical result.

The use of this method shows the effectiveness and high potential of this invention. Multi-level artificial testing conditions have been created using publicly available means to quickly identify and increase the level of development of athletes’ psychomotor skills.

Thus, the proposed method for diagnosing and developing psychomotor skills has new properties that provide a positive effect.

Information sources

1. Zykova, A. P., Vorobyova, E. V., Zykov, S. L. Psychomotor sphere of an athlete [Text] / A. P. Zykova, E. V. Vorobyova, S. L. Zykov // Science- 2020. - 2019. - No. 8. - P. 7.

2. Demonstration Video - Gobo, Logo, Texture Projectors / [Electronic resource] // x-light.ru: [site]. - URL: http://www.x-light.ru/video_ex_gobo_projector.html (access date: 10/06/2022).

3. Patent 2626804 of the Russian Federation, IPC A63B 71/00, Method of training dribble in team sports / Afonshin V.E. - No. 2016133831; application 08/17/2016; publ. 1.08.2017, Bulletin. No. 22.

4. Patent 2730746 RF, IPC A63B 71/00, Method of training in team sports / Drandrov G.L., Afonshin V.E. - No. 2019129893; application 09.23.2019; publ. 08/25/2020, Bulletin. No. 24.

Claims (1)

A method for diagnosing and developing psychomotor skills, where the diagnosis and development of psychomotor skills of athletes is carried out on a field with controlled dynamic light illumination, and a light emitter is used to form a light zone simulating an opponent, which the athlete must bypass a specified number of times, while changing the position of the light zone and testing modes are set programmatically. hardware complex or manually; moreover, a light zone with contrasting boundaries, simulating an opponent or an obstacle, is formed in the form of a circle of a given size with halves clearly highlighted optically; one half of the zone, which has an optical highlight, is set as a signal to prohibit the athlete’s movement, the other - as a signal for free passage; Thus, by changing the images of the zone, four options for the athlete’s action are formed in shifts: stop - movement is prohibited, movement is not limited, movement is allowed only to the right of the zone, movement is allowed only to the left of the zone; an athlete, when performing a proposed test or exercise with a light zone, takes into account its configuration, trying to prevent bypassing a prohibited signal; The software and hardware complex performs video recording of the athlete’s movement and the configuration of the zone, registers the actions and mistakes of the athlete, characterized in that the imitation of an opponent or obstacle is performed by a gobo projector mounted above the athlete’s field of action on a drone flying at a given altitude according to a given program or on a suspended one, or on a cantilever-lever structure located in the field of action of the subject; in this case, the gobo projector is equipped with: four or three types of stencils, which form instructions for a given direction of bypassing the light zone, and provide guidance to the athlete’s actions; a given number of ring stencils that change the size of the light zone; a projector mounting unit, providing two degrees of freedom of movement of its stencils; using a given drive, the projector is deflected at a given angle from the vertical axis, ensuring the movement of its projections across the field relative to the location of the projector to increase the area where the projection is likely to be located on the athlete’s field of action; according to a given program, changing a stencil or a given combination of several stencils in a gobo projector, as well as the position on its projection field, tests or developmental exercises are formed; a given order of tests or training is carried out with or without sports equipment; in the absence of technical errors by the athlete, the area and/or speed of switching the projection of the zone, as well as the speed and/or range of movement of the zone across the field, is increased until the athlete can accurately complete the specified actions; record the specified parameters and form a database of quantitative characteristics of transformation and speed of movement of the zone at the moment the athlete’s errors occur; By the maximum frequency of changing stencils in the gobo projector with a given orientation relative to the athlete, the maximum size of the projected zones, the maximum speed of movement of images of the gobo projector zones across the athlete’s field of action, at which he performs an accurately specified test, the level of development of his psychomotor skills is judged.