RU2805026C1 - Unit for forming monolithic volumetric reinforced concrete elements of the cap type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: unit for forming monolithic volumetric reinforced concrete elements of the cap type comprises a formwork located on the base for forming a rectangular shape in terms of a reinforced concrete structure. The formwork consists of vertically arranged outer panels, each two of which are located opposite each other and which are configured for moving along the guides from the stripping position to the position that is the boundary of the surface of the outer wall of the reinforced concrete structure to be moulded. Between the outer shields there is a core consisting of internal vertically oriented inner shields, two of which are located opposite each other and each is movable along the guides from the stripping position to the position that is the boundary of the surface of the inner wall of the reinforced concrete structure to be moulded. On the base there is a support platform raised above the base of a rectangular shape in plan with a width equal to the thickness of the vertically oriented side walls of the reinforced concrete structure to be moulded and defining the boundaries of the surfaces of the side walls of this structure. The core is located inside the perimeter of this area, and the outer shields are located on the outside of this area. The core comprises a frame with positioning elements of a horizontally installed shield for forming a ceiling wall of a reinforced concrete structure, with which said two inner shields of the core are connected with the possibility of rebuilding from the formwork position to the moulding position due to the fact that these inner shields are connected by means of hydraulic cylinders to the frame on which master form are fixed. Elements responding to the copiers are fixed on each inner shield, ensuring the movement of each shield from the moulding position, in which all internal vertically oriented core shields in the corner zones are pressed against each other, to the stripping position, in which two internal shields are shifted towards the frame inside the core and lowered below the platform level. The inner shields of the core are connected to the corner elements in the form of vertical posts having inclined walls on the side of the movable inner shields. Two mobile inner shields have bevels on the side end walls for abutment in the position of moulding into the inclined walls of the corner parts of the fixed inner shields.

EFFECT: simplified design by eliminating the corner frame as a formwork element to increase the flatness of the surfaces of the walls of the concrete block of the cap type and expanding the range of these blocks in terms of length.

4 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction industry, namely to installations for molding monolithic volumetric building blocks of the “cap” type.

A known installation for the production of volumetric blocks, including a rigid core and sliding vertical outer panels (Monfred Yu.B. et al. “Buildings from volumetric blocks”, M, Stroyizdat, 1974, pp. 253-274).

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is its high material consumption. In addition, such an installation has a high energy intensity due to the large separation area of the molded element when the core is lowered. The inner core has slopes of at least 2% on the outer vertical edges, which are necessary to ensure removal of the manufactured element from the core, which entails additional consumption of concrete, significantly increases the weight of the element, and the manufactured reinforced concrete elements have non-vertical internal wall surfaces, which worsens the aesthetic appearance living space. Naturally, for “hood” type blocks that form a room or part of a room, the presence of slopes on the walls is undesirable, since it subsequently leads to the need to level the flatness of the wall and right angles during repair work and room decoration.

There is a known installation for molding monolithic volumetric reinforced concrete elements of the “cap” type, which makes it possible to obtain flat and non-sloping walls joined at right angles, containing a base, outer formwork consisting of retractable panels (sides), and internal formwork consisting of retractable side panels (sides) ) and ceiling sheet, the side panels of the internal formwork are connected at the end sides to the ceiling sheet using angular elastic elements attached at the ends to the panels by means of flanges, while the sliding panels of the external formwork are mounted on carriages moving along rails and allowing these sheets to be moved towards the internal formwork from the stripping position to the forming position, in which all panels of the outer formwork in the corner vertical zones are covered with angular elastic elements, retractable panels of the internal formwork are mounted with the ability to move from the stripping position to the forming position on guides on which the sheets are supported by rollers (SU 1299491, B28B 7/22, publ. March 23, 1987).

This solution was adopted as a prototype.

In installations for the production of volumetric concrete blocks of the "cap" type (four vertical walls covered on top by a fifth slab - the ceiling), the formwork is a complex structural installation consisting of an internal shield fence - a core that forms the internal surfaces of a monolithic "cap", and an external shield fence, forming the outer surfaces of a monolithic block of the “cap” type.

The outer fencing panels are made movable for joining their edge parts in the molding position and forming a contour closed around the perimeter. In the stripping position, these boards are moved away from the cast-in-place “cap” type structure, which opens access to the outer surfaces of the building block and removes the adhesive bond between the concrete and the boards. In the forming position, the core shields are also spread apart and pulled out to form a closed box. But when stripping, these panels go inside the core, moving towards each other. For this movement to occur, it is necessary that the dimensions of the surfaces of at least two opposing panels be smaller than the dimensions of the inner surface of the monolithic block. But at the same time, corner areas remain uncovered. In the prototype, to close the corner zones, an internal frame made of a corner profile is used, which is installed on the base and to which the panels of the inner part of the formwork are pressed. When stripping the formwork, this frame is removed by a lift, then the internal panels are moved, freeing up access to the walls of the monolithic block. This allows you to remove the monolithic block from the formwork. When forming a new block, the frame is first mounted on the base, then the formwork panels are moved.

But at the same time, the flatness of the surfaces of the walls of a monolithic block of the “cap” type leaves much to be desired and subsequently requires leveling of these surfaces. This is due to the fact that when installing boards into the space of a corner frame, it is practically impossible to achieve the exact position of the boards in the frame openings.

This design is complex, labor-intensive to use and requires precise positional placement of the corner frame in relation to the position of the core panels. Since the corner frame is a welded rigid structure, it is designed for only one size range of a monolithic block of the “cap” type. The use of a corner frame does not relate to the technological operation; it is of a forced nature.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce material consumption, energy consumption and improve the aesthetic appearance of the internal vertical surfaces of a reinforced concrete volumetric element and increase the range of molded products.

The present invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in simplifying the design by eliminating the corner frame as an element of the formwork, to increase the flatness of the wall surfaces of the cap-type concrete block and expand the range of these blocks in terms of length dimensions.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in an installation for molding monolithic volumetric reinforced concrete elements of the “cap” type, containing a formwork located on the base for molding a rectangular shape in terms of a reinforced concrete structure, consisting of vertically located external panels, each two of which are located opposite each other and which are made with the ability to move along the guides from the stripping position to the position that is the boundary of the surface of the outer wall of the reinforced concrete structure to be formed, a core located between the outer panels, consisting of internal vertically oriented internal panels, two of which are located opposite each other and each is made with the ability to move along the guides from the stripping position to the position that is the boundary of the surface of the inner wall of the reinforced concrete structure to be molded, on the base there is placed a support platform raised above the base of a rectangular shape in plan with a width equal to the thickness of the vertically oriented side walls of the reinforced concrete structure to be molded and defining the boundaries of the surfaces of the side walls of this structure , the core is located inside the perimeter of this site, and the outer panels are located on the outside of this site, the core contains a frame with elements for positioning a horizontally installed panel for forming the ceiling wall of a reinforced concrete structure, to which the two internal panels of the core are connected with the possibility of rebuilding from the stripping position to the molding due to the fact that these internal shields are connected by means of hydraulic cylinders to the frame on which the copiers are fixed, and on each internal shield there are elements responding to the copiers that ensure the movement of each shield from the molding position, in which all internal vertically oriented core shields in the corner zones are pressed to each other, to the stripping position, in which two internal panels are shifted towards the frame inside the core and lowered below the level of the supporting platform, while the internal panels are connected to the corner elements in the form of vertical posts, which have inclined walls on the side of the movable internal panels, and two internal panels having mobility, bevels are made on the side end walls to rest in the molding position on the inclined walls of the corner parts of the fixed internal panels.

In the installation, the core can be made consisting of two parts joined along the length of the structure, one of which is fixed to the base, and the other is installed on the base on rolling elements with the ability to move along guides in the direction from the first part, the formwork is made with additional panels in the form of inserts for closing the openings formed between the parts of the core in the side walls and the opening in the ceiling part, and the length of the outer panels located along the length of the installation is greater than the length of the core with inserts.

Vibrators are mounted on the outer shields on their outer side, and the drives for moving the outer shields are made in the form of double-acting hydraulic cylinders located in the area under the support platform.

These features are essential and interconnected to form a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the required technical result.

The present invention is illustrated by a specific example of implementation, which, however, is not the only possible one, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the required technical result.

In fig. 1 - shows an installation for molding volumetric elements, top view with the core shields raised and the outer shields retracted;

fig. 2 - section A-A according to Fig. 1;

fig. 3 - shows the installation during stripping, top view with the movable core extended with an installed ceiling insert and vertical insert panels;

fig. 4 - shows the installation during stripping, longitudinal section BB according to Fig. 3, with the movable core extended and the ceiling insert installed;

fig. 5 - shows a cross-section of the molding installation, with the core shields raised and the outer shields retracted, installation in the molding position;

fig. 6 - shows the lower position of the end shield of the core (the shield is extended to the stripping position);

fig. 7 - shows the upper position of the end shield of the core (the shield is pushed back to the molding position);

fig. 8 - shows the position of the outer longitudinal panel (the panel is extended to the formwork stripping position);

fig. 9 - shows the extreme position of the outer longitudinal shield (the shield is pushed back to the molding position);

fig. 10 - shows the extreme position of the outer end shield (the shield is extended to the formwork stripping position);

fig. 11 - shows the position of the outer end shield (the shield is retracted to the molding position);

According to the present invention, a new design of a plant for forming reinforced concrete blocks of the "cap" type is considered.

In general, an installation for forming monolithic volumetric reinforced concrete elements of the “cap” type contains

- a formwork located on the base for forming a rectangular shape in terms of a reinforced concrete structure, consisting of externally located longitudinal and end panels and a core placed inside them;

- each two vertically located external panels are located opposite each other, and they are made with the ability to move along guides from the stripping position to a position that is the boundary of the surface of the outer wall of the reinforced concrete structure to be formed,

- the core located between the outer panels consists of vertically oriented inner panels, two of which are located opposite each other and each is designed to move along guides from the stripping position to the position that is the boundary of the surface of the inner wall of the reinforced concrete structure to be formed;

- on the base there is a support platform raised above the base, rectangular in plan, with a width equal to the thickness of the vertically oriented side walls of the reinforced concrete structure to be molded. This support platform defines the boundaries of the side wall surfaces of the reinforced concrete structure;

- the core is located inside the perimeter of this platform, and the outer shields are located on the outside of the support platform;

- the core contains a frame with elements for positioning a horizontally installed panel for molding the ceiling wall of a reinforced concrete structure, to which the two internal panels of the core are connected with the possibility of rebuilding from the stripping position to the forming position due to the fact that these internal panels are connected by means of hydraulic cylinders with the frame on which copiers are fixed, and on each internal board there are elements corresponding to the copiers, ensuring the movement of each board from the forming position, in which all internal vertically oriented core panels in the corner zones are pressed against each other, to the stripping position, in which two internal panels are shifted towards the frame inside the core and lowered below the level of the support platform;

- the internal panels are connected to the corner elements in the form of vertical posts that have inclined walls on the side of the movable internal panels, and the two internal panels that have mobility have bevels on the side end walls to rest in the molding position on the inclined walls of the corner parts of the fixed internal panels.

In this case, the core can be made in the form of a detachable structure along the length of the longitudinal panels and consisting of two parts, one of which is fixedly installed on the base, and the other has the ability to move on carriage rollers to change the length of the core when forming long reinforced concrete blocks.

Below is a detailed description of a specific implementation of the claimed invention in terms of consideration of the design of fixed (Fig. 1 and 2) and sliding (Fig. 3 and 4) versions of the installation (Fig. 1-11).

The installation for molding volumetric reinforced concrete elements (blocks) of the “cap” type according to the first embodiment contains a supporting flat platform 1 (Fig. 6 and 7) raised above the base of a rectangular shape in plan (Fig. 6 and 7) with a width equal to the thickness of the vertically oriented side walls of the reinforced concrete structure to be molded. This platform 1 defines the boundaries of the side wall surfaces of this concrete (reinforced concrete) molded structure.

This support platform 1 is located inside the formwork. Inside the perimeter of this support platform 1 there is a core, decorated with flat panels, which are located in plan along the sides of the rectangle. These panels are considered internal formwork panels, which include longitudinal flat panels 2 (located along the length of the core) and end flat panels 3, located transverse to the longitudinal panels. In this case, the longitudinal flat panels 2 can be fixed stationary (have no mobility) or with the possibility of displacement from the supporting platform into the core during stripping. A power frame 4 is mounted inside the core, which serves as a support for the ceiling panel 5, to which the longitudinal and end panels of the core are connected (Figs. 1 and 2).

Each internal end shield 3 in the core is made with the possibility of rebuilding from the stripping position (Fig. 6) to the forming position (Fig. 7) due to the fact that these internal shields 3 are connected by means of double-sided hydraulic cylinders 6 with the frame 4, on which the copiers 7 are attached , and on each internal shield 3, elements 8 that respond to the copiers are fixed, ensuring the movement of each shield from the forming position, in which all internal vertically oriented core shields in the corner zones are pressed against each other (Fig. 5 and 7), to the stripping position, in which two internal end shields are shifted toward the frame inside the core and lowered below the level of the support platform (Fig. 6).

After molding and embedding the concrete block, it is necessary to move the longitudinal and end panels away from the walls of the block (removal mode). To do this, pressure is applied to double-sided hydraulic cylinders 6 (double-acting hydraulic cylinders), which are pivotally connected by the body to the core frame 4, and by the rod to the end shield 3. By extending the rod, pressure is exerted on the end shield, which moves along the copier in the direction of the base and at the same time inside the core (towards the frame). The end shield approaches the frame and simultaneously lowers down so that its lower part is located below the supporting platform and at a distance from it (Fig. 6).

Each copier 7 is made in the form of a vertically oriented plate with an arcuate cutout in the body, which is concavely facing the frame and the lower extreme point of which is shifted relative to the position of the upper extreme point towards the frame. This copier sets the trajectory of movement of the end shield. And on the end shield there is a counter element 8 in the form of a finger located in the cutout. When the hydraulic cylinder rod 6 extends, the finger moves along the arcuate cutout of the copier 7 in the downward direction and towards the frame 4 (Fig. 6).

In the corner zones where each end shield 3 meets the longitudinal one 2, there are corner elements 9 that cover the corner. These corner elements can be attached to the longitudinal panels. In this case, two fixed longitudinal panels are made with corner elements that have inclined walls on the side of the movable internal end panels, and the two internal end panels 3, which have mobility, have bevels on the side end walls for resting in the molding position on the inclined walls of the corner parts of the fixed internal shields (Fig. 1).

When lowering the end shield 3 down during formwork, its end walls come out of contact with the inclined walls of the corner elements 9 and in the lower position the end shield is outside the boundaries of the corner elements, which allows you to move the longitudinal panels with corner elements attached to it or without corner elements towards each other in order to remove these shields from the walls of the concrete block.

During molding, the hydraulic cylinder rod 6 enters the body and pulls the end shield 3, which, following the shape of the cutout in the copiers 7, is raised and shifted towards the support platform. In the extreme extended position, the end shield 3 comes into contact with its inclined end walls with the corresponding inclined walls of the corner elements, locking the core into the power circuit.

As an example of a possible design, the corner elements 9 may be separate elements in the form of core posts and not have a rigid connection with the longitudinal panels. They can be connected to a separate hydraulic cylinder, which, using copiers, allows these corner elements to be moved from the corner zones into the frame. The mechanism for retracting them and installing them in the molding position can be made by analogy with the considered mechanism for driving the displacement of the end shields of the core.

The outer contour of the formwork is placed along the outer contour of the perimeter of the supporting platform. This contour includes vertically located outer panels (longitudinal 10 and end 11), each two of which are located opposite each other and which are designed to move on carriages 12 along guides 13 from the stripping position to the position that is the boundary of the surface of the outer wall to be molded reinforced concrete structure, that is, up to the support platform 1 (Fig. 1). Structurally, each panel is mounted on carriages 12, which have the ability to roll along guides 13 towards the support platform 1 until it contacts it (forming position) and in the opposite direction (stripping position). The shields are connected to 14 double-acting hydraulic cylinders.

The hydraulic cylinders 14 of the end outer shields 11 are mounted recessed on the base under the core below the surface level of the support platform 1, which makes it possible to reduce the dimensions of the installation (Fig. 10 and 11). The hydraulic cylinders 14 of the longitudinal outer shields 10 are openly mounted on the base (Fig. 8 and 9.)

The installation for molding volumetric elements works as follows.

Using the example of an end shield with 3 cores (Figs. 6 and 7). Lifting and lowering vertical end shields 3 of the core are in the lowest position (the sides are open) (Fig. 6). To close the end shields of the core, the hydraulic drive is turned on, pressure is supplied to the 6 double-acting hydraulic cylinders. When pressure is applied, the hydraulic cylinder rod, hingedly mounted on the bracket (fixed to the shield), pulls the end shield of the core through the axis 15 of the hinge. At the same time, the fingers placed in the cutouts move along the guide cutouts of the copier brackets. The core shield moves upward until the fingers stop at the top point of the copier cutouts (Fig. 7).

Closing the outer panels, using the example of the longitudinal panel 10 (Fig. 8 and 9). The outer longitudinal shield is in its extreme position (the side is extended) (Fig. 8). To close the shield, the hydraulic drive is turned on, pressure is supplied to the 14 double-acting hydraulic cylinders. When the hydraulic cylinder rod extends, it pushes the forming shield through the hinge axis 16 attached to the shield 10. The support rollers of the carriages 12 of this shield roll along the guide 13, and the shield moves towards the installation until it stops at the support platform 1 (Fig. 9).

Closing the outer sides, using the example of end shield 11 (Fig. 10 and 11). Structurally, the mechanism for moving the end shield 11 repeats the drive for moving the considered longitudinal shield 10 in FIG. 8 and 9.

Then the concrete mixture is filled into the molding cavities located between the core, longitudinal and end panels of the outer part of the formwork. At the same time, vibrators 17, mounted on external shields 10 and 11 on their outer side, are periodically turned on. By supplying hot air inside the core, heat treatment of the concrete mixture is carried out in the molding cavity.

After completion of heat treatment and cooling of the product, the molded product is stripped.

To do this, the hydraulic drive is turned on, pressure is applied to the hydraulic cylinders of the outer longitudinal shields, the rods of the hydraulic cylinders are retracted and the shields are pulled through the axis. The support rollers of the carriages roll along the guide beam, the outer panels move from the support platform (Fig. 3, 4 and 8). Upon completion of the operation with the longitudinal sides, pressure is applied to the hydraulic cylinders of the outer end shields, the rods of the hydraulic cylinders extend and push the shields through the hinge axes. The carriage support rollers roll along the guide beam, the outer end panels move away from the installation (Fig. 3 and 10).

To open the sides of the longitudinal and end shields of the core, the hydraulic drive is turned on, pressure is supplied to the 6 double-acting hydraulic cylinders. When the hydraulic cylinder rods extend, they push the core shields 3 through the brackets to which the hydraulic cylinder rods are hinged on the axes. At the same time, the fingers move along the guide cutouts of the brackets-copiers of the core racks. The shields move down until the fingers stop at the bottom point of the guide cutouts in the copiers 7.

After this, the corner elements 9 of the core are opened. To do this, turn on the hydraulic drive, pressure is supplied to double-acting hydraulic cylinders, connected by rods to the corner elements of the shields. When the hydraulic cylinder rod extends, they push the angular elements of the core, which are moved along the copiers down until the fingers stop at the lower point of the guide cutouts.

Using lifting mechanisms, the molded reinforced concrete product is removed from the installation.

The second version of the installation fundamentally repeats the considered version, but has a difference in the design of the core (Fig. 2-4).

The core is made of two parts 18 and 19 that are joined along the length of the structure, one of which 18 is fixed to the base, and the other 19 is installed on the base on rolling elements (carriages 20) with the ability to move along guides in the direction from the first part. Thus, the core has the ability to change its length with the formation of openings between the parts. These openings are closed by inserting additional shields in the form of inserts 21 and 22 to close the openings formed between the parts of the core in the side walls (insert 21) and the opening in the ceiling part (insert 22).

Naturally, for this embodiment, longitudinal panels 10 are used in the outer part of the formwork with a length increased by the width of the opening in the core (the length of the external panels located along the length of the installation is longer than the length of the core with inserts).

When changing the length of the molded concrete block, the movable part of the core with longitudinal and end shields and corner elements attached to it is moved on carriage rollers along the base guides using a double-acting hydraulic cylinder. When the movable part of the core is extended to the required amount, a ceiling insert 22 and vertical side inserts 21 are installed between the movable and fixed parts of the core, which are secured to the structures of the movable 19 and fixed 18 parts of the core using bolted connections. In this case, the vertical longitudinal panels of the fixed part of the core and the vertical longitudinal panels of the movable part of the core form a single whole with the vertical insert sides and work as a single longitudinal panel during formwork and demoulding of the concrete block.

If there is no need to increase the length of the core, the moving part 19 of the core is moved towards the fixed part 18 and they are connected by locking joints mounted on the end posts 23 of the core frame (Fig. 2).

Claims (4)

1. Installation for molding monolithic volumetric reinforced concrete elements of the “cap” type, containing a formwork located on the base for molding a rectangular shape in terms of a reinforced concrete structure, consisting of vertically located external panels, each two of which are located opposite each other and are made with the ability to move along guides from the stripping position to the position that is the boundary of the outer surface of the wall of the reinforced concrete structure to be molded, as well as a core located between the outer panels, consisting of vertically oriented internal panels, two of which are located opposite each other and each is configured to move along guides from the stripping position to position, which is the boundary of the inner surface of the wall of the reinforced concrete structure to be molded, characterized in that on the base there is a support platform raised above the base of a rectangular shape in plan with a width equal to the thickness of the vertically oriented side walls of the reinforced concrete structure to be molded and defining the boundaries of the surfaces of the side walls of this structure, the core located inside the perimeter of this site, and the outer panels are located on the outside of this site, the core contains a frame with elements for positioning a horizontally installed panel for molding the ceiling wall of a reinforced concrete structure, with which the two internal panels of the core are connected with the possibility of rebuilding from the stripping position to the forming position behind due to the fact that these internal shields are connected by means of hydraulic cylinders to the frame on which the copiers are fixed, and on each internal shield there are elements responding to the copiers that ensure the movement of each shield from the molding position, in which all internal vertically oriented core shields in the corner zones are pressed against each other each other, to the stripping position, in which two internal panels are shifted towards the frame inside the core and lowered below the level of the supporting platform, while the internal panels are connected to the corner elements in the form of vertical posts, which have inclined walls on the side of the movable internal panels, and the two internal boards having mobility, bevels are made on the side end walls to rest in the molding position on the inclined walls of the corner parts of the fixed internal boards. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the core is made of two parts that are joined along the length of the structure, one of which is fixed to the base, and the other is installed on the base on rolling elements with the ability to move along guides in the direction from the first part, formwork is made with additional shields in the form of inserts for closing the openings formed between the parts of the core in the side walls and the opening in the ceiling part, and the length of the outer shields located along the length of the installation is made greater than the length of the core with inserts. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that vibrators are mounted on the outer panels on their outer side. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the drives for moving the outer end shields are made in the form of double-acting hydraulic cylinders located in the area under the support platform.

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