RU2802704C2 - Friction hydrostatic clutch - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine parts.

SUBSTANCE: coupling comprises a movable bushing and a hub, consisting of a bearing part and a shroud part pressed onto it, and at least one circular channel or longitudinal channels is made on the outer surface of the bearing part, separated from its inner surface by a thin wall configured for radial deformation, whereas at least one circular or longitudinal channels are configured for forming a closed cavity after pressing the hub parts to fill it with a working fluid, at least one circular channel with a thin wall configured for radial deformations is made on the outer surface of the shroud part, in which the bodies rolling elements are located protruding above the outer surface of the hub, whereas on the shroud part, the specified movable sleeve is installed, configured for longitudinal movement, the inner surface of which has a lead-in and pressure sections, providing radial movement of the rolling elements, through which radial deformation of the thin wall of the circular channel is ensured, which creates a hydrostatic pressure in the working fluid in a closed cavity, which ensures the deformation of its walls, which ensures their pressing against the mating surface of the shaft and the transfer of the load by friction forces. The longitudinal channels can be located concentrically and united by an annular channel made on the outer part.

EFFECT: greater manufacturability, improved performance.

2 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The claimed technical solution relates to machine parts widely used in various fields of technology.

Various coupling designs are well known from the prior art: Ryakhovsky V.I. Handbook on couplings - L.; Polytechnic, 1991

Friction clutches (Fig. 1.) transmit torque due to friction forces caused by force F on the working surface (WP) of the friction elements. According to the shape of the contacting surfaces of the friction elements, they are divided into disk, conical and cylindrical, while the direction of their movement, in the direction of force F, can be longitudinal or radial. Depending on the method of moving the friction elements, clutches with electromagnetic, hydraulic, pneumatic and mechanical controls are distinguished.

From the prior art, single-acting multi-plate friction clutches are known, FIG. 1 on the left, for transmitting torque M=25…2500 N*m, with outer diameters D from 84 to 265 mm, shaft dimensions d from 18 to 140 mm, weight M=2…80 kg.

The disadvantages of these couplings include the complexity of the design, which involves the use of several friction and pressure disks with internal or external splines, as well as the use, as a rule, of a multi-element mechanical control system. At the same time, the production of a multi-disc clutch is possible only on specialized technological equipment.

Conical friction clutches are known from the prior art, FIG. 1 in the center, for transmitting torque M=100...1400 N*m, with characteristic radial dimensions D from 120 to 600 mm, mounted on shafts with dimensions D from 40 to 180 mm.

The disadvantages of these couplings include the complexity of the design, which involves the use of several pressure plates, as well as the use, as a rule, of a multi-element mechanical control system. The production of cone couplings is possible only on specialized technological equipment.

A tire-pneumatic friction clutch is known from the prior art, FIG. 1 on the right, for transmitting torque M=100...1400 N*m, with characteristic radial dimensions D from 120 to 600 mm, mounted on shafts with dimensions D from 40 to 180 mm. The design of a tire-pneumatic coupling consists of a rubber-fabric annular chamber with a nipple necessary for supplying compressed air, mounted on a steel rim. Friction linings are attached to the inner cylindrical surface of the cylinder. The rubber-fabric annular chamber is designed not only to press the friction pads against the clutch pulley, but also to transmit torque. These couplings are widely used in drilling and ship rigs, excavators, conveyors, and mine hoists. The disadvantages of these couplings include the significant cost of the rubber-cord cylinder, which is sensitive to the ingress of oil, alkalis and acids. Accepted as analogous.

A common disadvantage of the couplings discussed above is their significant relative radial dimensions, D/d=2...4, which makes them difficult to use in limited drive space.

From the prior art there is a method for obtaining a connection of parts of the shaft-bushing type RU 2450904 C2, in which longitudinal channels are made in the female part, forming a closed cavity, which is filled with a working fluid under pressure necessary to transfer the load by friction forces on the mating surfaces of the parts. Accepted as a prototype.

The designs of known friction clutches, as well as the use of a shaft-bushing type connection as a coupling, provide for the connection of the control system to their rotating elements, which is a significant disadvantage.

The presence of these factors significantly reduces the efficiency of using the known device as a clutch, reduces the manufacturability of its manufacture and operational efficiency.

The problem to be solved by the stated technical solution is to ensure greater manufacturability, reduce material consumption and production costs, as well as provide better performance characteristics and better weight and dimensional characteristics, D/d=2...4.

The solution to this problem is achieved due to the fact that the hub of the coupling half, installed on the shaft with a guaranteed clearance, consists of a bearing part and a bandage part pressed onto it, and in the bearing part there are circular or longitudinal channels separated from its inner surface by thin walls (internal membranes), while the channels form, after pressing parts of the hub, a closed cavity filled with the working fluid, and in the bandage part, on its outer surface, there is at least one circular channel with a thin wall (external circular membrane), in the circular the channel contains rolling bodies protruding above the outer surface of the bandage part, on which a movable bushing is installed, with the possibility of longitudinal movement, the inner surface of which has an input and pressure section necessary for the radial movement of the rolling bodies, through which radial deformation of the outer circular membrane is ensured, as a result, hydrostatic pressure is created in the working body of the closed cavity, providing radial deformations of the internal circular or longitudinal membranes, which ensures their pressing to the mating surface of the shaft and transmission of the load by friction forces.

The technical result of the invention, provided by the above set of features, is to increase the efficiency of manufacturing and use of the clutch friction clutch.

To achieve a technical result, when the pressure sleeve moves in the longitudinal direction, its pressure section deforms the outer circular membrane through the rolling elements, which causes compression of the working fluid in the closed cavity of the bearing part of the hub, the resulting hydrostatic pressure deforms the wall (inner circular membrane) of the closed cavity of the bearing part hub and ensures its pressing against the mating surface of the shaft, which ensures load transfer by friction forces, as a result of which the declared design acquires a number of advantages, which include: greater manufacturability, lower cost; smaller dimensions; best performance characteristics.

The invention is illustrated by an example of a device shown in the figures, in which:

fig. 1 shows well-known designs: multi-plate friction clutch, left; cone friction clutch, in the center; tire-pneumatic friction clutch, right;

fig. 2 shows a frontal view of version 1 of the claimed device;

fig. 3 shows a local view of I, FIG. 2, the claimed device is in the clutch disengaged position;

fig. 4 shows a local view of I, FIG. 2, the claimed device is in the clutch engaged position;

fig. 5 shows a frontal view of version 2 of the claimed device;

fig. 6 shows a section AA of option 2 of the claimed device;

fig. 7 shows a local view II section A-A of the claimed device.

fig. Figure 8 shows a frontal view of version 1 of the claimed device with pneumatic (hydraulic) control.

The claimed device consists of a coupling half 1, with a hub 2 installed on the shaft with a guaranteed clearance and fixed relative to its axis by means of bearings, alternating with respect to the hub of a movable sleeve 3, on the inner surface of which there are lead-in 4 and pressure 5 sections. The hub consists of a carrier 6 and a bandage 7 parts pressed onto it, while in the bandage part there is an annular channel 8, with a thin bottom wall 9 (an outer circular membrane), filled with rolling elements 10 protruding above its outer surface. The bearing part of the hub can be made in two versions. In the first embodiment of the bearing part of the hub, Fig. 2, 3, 4 on its outer surface there is an annular channel 11, with a thin wall 12 (inner circular membrane), forming, after pressing parts of the hub, a closed cavity filled with the working fluid 13. In the second embodiment of the load-bearing part of the hub, FIG. 5, 6, 7, on its outer surface there is an annular channel 14, combining concentrically located longitudinal channels 15, with thin lower walls 16 (internal longitudinal membranes). The longitudinal channels, united by an annular channel 14, are filled with a working fluid 9 and closed with plugs 17 for the purpose of sealing, forming, after pressing parts of the hub, a closed cavity with thin longitudinal walls 16 on the inner surface of the load-bearing part of the hub.

The functioning of the friction hydrostatic clutch is ensured in the following way.

The hub of the coupling half is installed on the shaft with a guaranteed clearance and is centered relative to its axis by means of bearings, while between the outer surface of the hub 2 and the movable sleeve 3 there are rolling elements 13, which ensures free rotation of the coupling half 1 relative to the shaft and the movable sleeve 3 in the “clutch off” state. . When the movable sleeve 3 moves in the longitudinal direction, its pressure part 5, through the rolling elements 13, deforms the upper circular membrane 9, which causes compression of the working fluid 9 in closed cavities with annular 11 (version 1) or longitudinal 15 (version 2) channels of the bearing part hub, the resulting hydrostatic pressure deforms the lower circular 12 (version 1) or longitudinal 16 (version 1) membranes and ensures their pressing against the mating surface of the shaft, which ensures the transfer of load by friction forces, as a result of which the declared design acquires a number of advantages, which include: greater manufacturability, lower cost; smaller dimensions; better performance characteristics due to the fact that the control action is provided by a non-rotating pressure sleeve.

The movement of the movable sleeve can be achieved through hydraulic or pneumatic control. In this case, the movable sleeve 2 can be made in the form of a piston 18, moving, under the action of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure, in a cylindrical space formed by the body 19 and the outer surface of the hub 2 of the coupling half.

The movement of the movable sleeve can be ensured by also known electromagnetic or mechanical control systems.

Claims (2)

1. A friction clutch containing a movable bushing and a hub, consisting of a load-bearing part and a bandage part pressed onto it, wherein on the outer surface of the load-bearing part there is at least one circular channel or longitudinal channels, separated from its inner surface by a thin wall configured to radial deformation, while at least one circular or longitudinal channels are made with the possibility of forming, after pressing parts of the hub, a closed cavity for filling it with a working fluid; on the outer surface of the bandage part there is at least one circular channel with a thin wall made with the possibility of radial deformations , in which the rolling bodies protruding above the outer surface of the hub are located, while on the bandage part, the specified movable bushing is installed, with the possibility of longitudinal movement, the inner surface of which has an input and pressure section, ensuring radial movement of the rolling bodies, through which radial deformation of the thin walls of a circular channel, as a result of which hydrostatic pressure is created in the working fluid in a closed cavity, ensuring deformation of its walls, which ensures their pressing to the mating surface of the shaft and transmission of the load by friction forces. 2. Friction clutch according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal channels are located concentrically and are united by an annular channel made on the outer part.

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