RU2802190C1 - Method for producing bedding for livestock premises based on modified diatomite - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; poultry farming; animal husbandry.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in industrial premises as a bedding material to reduce environmental pollution by production waste. The method for producing bedding for livestock buildings is that dry biomorphic silicites obtained from fossil remains of diatom shells are used as the main component of the bedding, which are formed into highly porous granules of modified diatomite with a diameter of 1 to 1.5 mm by calcination at a temperature of 670°C and exposure time of 10 minutes. The obtained granules are used to form an even floor bulk layer 1 cm high with a quantitative content of modified diatomite - 100% in areas where animals and birds are kept in livestock and poultry buildings.

EFFECT: increased adsorption properties of the litter due to the production of highly porous granules that contribute to the effective absorption of moisture and odours emitted when keeping poultry and animals, reduction of harmful gases and substances in the air, concentration of ammonia and hydrogen sulphide, as well as elimination of unpleasant odours.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to poultry farming and animal husbandry, and can be used in industrial premises as a bedding material to reduce environmental pollution by production waste. The invention uses an absorbent in the form of a modified diatomaceous earth and production waste in the form of manure. The invention can be used to maintain hygiene in rooms for birds and animals, as it absorbs moisture and harmful gases, has sorption, insecticidal, antifungal properties, and does not cause side effects. The modified diatomaceous earth used as bedding binds up to 80% of urea and other harmful substances, as a result of which the ammonia content in the air decreases and unpleasant odors are eliminated. The development is environmentally friendly, no special chemicals are used, it is harmless if it enters the gastrointestinal tract of animals and birds. When using modified diatomite, the moisture content of the bedding is reduced by 7.2% and the volume of production waste is reduced by 3 times. The work does not require the use of additional equipment, instruction or training.

Sawdust, straw or peat is used as a bedding quite widely in the field cultivation of poultry and animals. Sawdust, like straw, is an affordable and cheap material, but has limited absorbent capacity and, moreover, with an increase in humidity, the growth rate of pathogenic microorganisms that cause various diseases increases.

Known technical solution in the form of bedding of straw for growing broiler chickens, which includes drying, cutting, laying the straw on the prepared floor of the poultry house with a layer of 7-10 cm thick and its disinfection with formaldehyde. Additionally, a 95% solution of propionic acid is used as a disinfectant at the rate of 15-25 ml per 1 kg of straw (Patent RU No. 2333637, published 09/20/2008; IPC A01K 29/00). The disadvantage of this technical solution is that the straw quickly loses its sorption properties, while the efficiency of its use is reduced. In addition, as a result of a decrease in sorption properties, the litter exudes an unpleasant odor and becomes a comfortable environment for opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms - pathogens of birds.

Known bedding for animals, including as components of peat and sawdust (Patent US 5271355). The sawdust used in the bedding is characterized by a high content of lignin, which does not allow recycling such bedding as a fertilizer.

The closest analogue to the claimed solution is an adsorption bedding for poultry, which is a bulk carpet, which includes thermally modified sawdust, high-moor peat and zeolite flour (Patent RU 2445770 C2, IPC A01K 1/015 (2006.01), A01K 23/00 (2006.01) ), publ. 20.12.2011 Bull. No. 35). The disadvantage of this invention is the inaccessibility of some materials and their significant cost for thermal modification of sawdust, grinding of zeolites.

The claimed invention is aimed at solving the problem of creating bedding with high performance and utilization properties for poultry and animals.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is the creation of bedding for farm animals and poultry with high performance and sanitary properties.

The technical result provided by the use of the claimed invention is to increase the adsorption properties of the litter for poultry and livestock buildings due to biomorphic silicites, which are preliminarily calcined to obtain highly porous granules with a diameter of 1 to 1.5 mm (modified diatomite), which contribute to effective absorption moisture and odors emitted when keeping poultry and animals, reducing harmful gases and substances in the air, the concentration of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and eliminating unpleasant odors. Dry biomorphic silicites obtained from fossil remains of diatom shells are used as the main component of the litter.

To achieve this technical result, an absorption bedding for poultry and animals is proposed, which consists of a modified diatomite, that is, it is a composite material made from natural mineral raw materials by changing the internal structure. The specific surface of natural diatomite is usually low (15-35 m ² /g), which does not allow it to be an effective solute sorbent. Therefore, to increase the specific surface and improve the surface characteristics, it is necessary to significantly modify the diatomite, that is, its preliminary grinding and calcination at a temperature of 670 ° C for 10 minutes. As a result of calcination, water and carbon dioxide are removed from diatomite, pores open and the specific surface area increases. Also, part of the water, which is connected directly with the crystal lattice, also leaves, due to which active centers appear on the inner surface of diatomite - it becomes activated and ready for use. Humidity after modification is 13%, water absorption is 100%. Modified diatomite has a density of 0.63 g/ ^cm3 , water absorption 100%, phosphorus - 2.65 mg/kg, total nitrogen 0.95 mg/kg, potassium 0.6 mg/kg, calcium 80 mg/kg, magnesium 35 mg/kg and other trace elements, medium reaction (pH) 4.6. In the process of modification, diatomite acquires a macroporous structure, due to which it effectively fights moisture, has a high sorption capacity, binds up to 80% of urea, harmful gases and substances, the concentration of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide in the air decreases, unpleasant odors are eliminated. Based on these properties of diatomite, bactericidal, fungicidal, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral effects are manifested, while insect larvae, fungi, and pathogens die on the floor indoors.

Modified diatomite is used to form an even floor bulk layer 1 cm high with a quantitative content of modified diatomite - 100% in areas where animals and birds are kept in livestock and poultry buildings.

The use of modified diatomite as a bedding in the amount of 1 cm allows to reduce the amount of waste (litter, manure) by 3 times, which reduces the economic costs of transportation to dung storage facilities by 30%. At the same time, when disposing of the used litter as a fertilizer, the modified diatomite retains the fertilizer components, due to which they are gradually absorbed by the plant throughout the growing season.

To confirm the result, a production experiment was carried out, for this an experimental building of the poultry farm was used, which was divided into four sections, the total livestock was 24,000 heads (6,000 heads in each section). Bedding material for testing in the fattening poultry house was used: diatomite - 6.6 m ³ (3762 kg at a density of 0.570 kg/m ³ ), sawdust 18.15 m ³ (3630 kg).

As a result of the experiment in industrial premises, bedding material in the form of diatomite in the amount of 1 cm (height of the bulk layer) has good sorption and water-retaining properties. The results of the experiments are displayed in the table:

Index Diatomaceous earth (0.5 cm) + sawdust (2.5 cm) diatomaceous earth
(1cm) diatomaceous earth
(0.5 cm) Opil (3cm) (control) Humidity in the room,% 67.45 65.1 65.3 68.2 Humidity of the experiment bedding, % 33.6 33.4 34.6 36.0 Ammonia content mg/m ³ 3.0 1.8 2.1 3.2 Total microbial count 17 200 000 15 100 000 15 300 000 more
30,000,000 Eimeria oocysts present not detected not detected not detected isolated Presence of mold spores 6,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 12 000 000

In terms of dry matter content, all litter samples correspond to the required characteristics (at least 25%). In the sample sawdust 2.5 cm + diatomite 0.5 cm, the moisture content of the sample was 33.6%, while in the control sample - 36.0% and the sample diatomite 1 cm and 0.5 cm, the moisture content was 33.4 and 34. 6% respectively. The high humidity in the sample (diatomite 0.5 cm) is explained by the critically small bedding layer. Low litter moisture of 33.4% in the sample (diatomite 1 cm) contributes to a decrease in the total microbial number and the presence of mold spores, which reduces the ammonia content by 56.25% compared to the control sample (sawdust 3 cm).

Laboratory studies of litter with different composition and ratio of components showed that in the experimental groups with diatomite, in comparison with the control group, no Eimeria oocysts were found in the litter, the growth of the total microbial number was reduced by 42.7-49.7% and mold spores by 41.7-83.3%, this fact confirms that diatomite has absorbent and antimicrobial properties and is involved in the disinfection of bedding from microbial contamination by bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.

Claims (1)

A method for producing bedding for livestock buildings, characterized in that the main component of the bedding is dry biomorphic silicites obtained from fossil remains of diatom shells, which are formed into highly porous granules of modified diatomite with a diameter of 1 to 1.5 mm by calcination at a temperature of 670 ° With and exposure time of 10 minutes and subsequently used to form an even floor bulk layer 1 cm high with a quantitative content of modified diatomite - 100% in areas where animals and birds are kept in livestock and poultry buildings.