CN1457642A - Method and composition for enhancing dronght resisting power and preventing and controlling pest and disase by using CO2 adsorbent to increase plant photosynthetic yield - Google Patents
Method and composition for enhancing dronght resisting power and preventing and controlling pest and disase by using CO2 adsorbent to increase plant photosynthetic yield Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Adsorbent with the selective CO2 adsorbing effect is sprayed to plant to form high-concentration CO2 gas layer on the surface of plant and thus raises the CO2 density gradient and the speed for CO2 to enter the air pores, raises photosynthesis rate, lowers light respiration rate, promotes the accumulation of photosynthetic product, reduces the transpiration rate of plant and raises drought resisting power and water utilization of plant. The CO2 adsorbent adhered to the spiraculum of harmful pests and the surface of pathogen can obstruct their aerobic respiration and normal growth to reach the pest and disease preventing and controlling aim. The composite is suitable for various plants, including crop, vegetable, fruit, forest plant, etc.
Description
The invention relates to a method and a composition for improving plant photosynthetic yield, enhancing drought resistance and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using a carbon dioxide adsorbent.
Background art crop production and food supply are related to the vital interests of everyone, and the influence is great. For a long time, many countries have greatly increased crop production and increased grain supply by breeding improved varieties, using fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides, and using advanced farming, irrigation and harvesting techniques. However, this also has certain limitations: nitrogen fertilizer prices are rising, many elite varieties are susceptible, excessive use of pesticides and herbicides causes adverse ecological effects, climate change, and the like. All of these, the yield of crops can be further increased to meet the needs of human beings only by controlling photosynthesis and increasing biosynthesis to increase the efficiency of light energy utilization.
Photosynthesis is a process of converting light energy into chemical energy by green plants and storing the chemical energy in plants, and is expressed as follows: . Theraw materials for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water, and the lack of supply of carbon dioxide and water will cause the photosynthesis rate of plants to be reduced, thereby causing the yield to be reduced. The carbon dioxide used as the raw material for photosynthesis of plants is mainly obtained from the air. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is more than three ten-thousandth, so that the carbon dioxide can be used for controlling the carbon dioxide concentration under strong light3The concentration of carbon dioxide required to maximize the photosynthetic rate of a plant is often several times greater. Therefore, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is low and is almost always a limiting factor for photosynthesis. C4The plant has the function of carbon dioxide pump by four-carbon dicarboxylic acid circulation, so that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the vascular bundle sheath cell is increased by times, and the photosynthesis can be close to saturation by the concentration of carbon dioxide under the common air condition, so that C4The yield of the plants is higher. The increase of the carbon dioxide supply of the plant can greatly improve the photosynthetic yield of the plant, which is proved in the laboratory and production practice. Experiments prove that the concentration of carbon dioxide is improved by 3 times, the yield of field crops can be improved by about 50%, and the yield of vegetables can be increased by more than 3 times at most. Not only is photosynthetic yield improved, but also photosynthetic yield is greatly improved when leguminous plants are supplied with high levels of carbon dioxideThe nitrogen fixation effect is high. The carbon dioxide concentration is increased by 3 times, so that the nitrogen fixing amount per hectare is increased from 75 kg to 425 kg, and the total nitrogen fixing amount is increased by 50-400 percent. Carbon dioxide fertilization has become one of the important means for the facility cultivationof horticultural plants. Although the effect of carbon dioxide fertilization is remarkable, it has not been widely used in a field because carbon dioxide cannot be retained on plant leaf surfaces, a high concentration gradient is formed inside and outside stomata, and carbon dioxide cannot be prevented from diffusing into the atmosphere.
Plants undergo photosynthesis while they undergo photorespiration. Photorespiration is a process in which plants absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide, and is a waste of organic products accumulated. At high temperatures, approximately one third of the photosynthetic product is consumed by photo-respiration. Reduce or inhibit the intensity of plant light respiration, and has positive effect on improving the accumulation of photosynthetic products. The intensity of plant light respiration is closely related to the ambient temperature, the illumination intensity, the carbon dioxide concentration, the oxygen concentration and the like. Reducing ambient temperature and illumination intensity can reduce the intensity of light respiration but also reduce the intensity of photosynthesis, so this method is not practical. Reducing the oxygen concentration can reduce the intensity of light respiration, but oxygen is a product of plant photosynthesis and is not practiced in production practice. Increasing the carbon dioxide concentration not only increases the rate of photosynthesis in plants and speeds up carboxylation, but also inhibits the intensity of light respiration and has a doubling effect on the photosynthetic yield of plants.
The intensity of the inhibition of photorespiration can also be by chemical means. Currently, the metabolic pathways of photorespiration, mainly the inhibition of the metabolism of glycolic acid, are being studied more. Commonly used photorespiration inhibitors such as a-hydroxy-2-pyridinemethane sulfonic acid (HPMS), 1-hydroxy-1-ethane sulfonic acid, sulfoglycolic acid, and the like, areall inhibitors of glycolic acid metabolic pathways. 2-3-epoxypropionic acid (glycidic acid) can inhibit 50% of glycolic acid formation in tobacco leaves and 50% of photorespiration (progress of photosynthesis research, edited by Shanghai plant physiological institute and the like, science publishers, 1976). Chinese patent CN 1111932a, US 07/901366, US 5597400, US 6465396 and the like report the use of methanol to inhibit the intensity of light respiration. JP 01086822, JP 60115501, JP 55136205, JP 55036437, US 4704161 also disclose the use of photo-respiration inhibitors to increase photosynthetic yield. Chinese patent CN1390460A reports that a mixed monohydric alcohol substance is used to promote photosynthesis, chinese application No. 92109075.7 reports that choline and its derivatives are used to promote photosynthesis, and chinese application No. 95112177.4 reports that sodium sulfite is used to inhibit photorespiration to improve photosynthesis. US 5710099, US 5298483, US 5304529, US 4797153, US 5455220, US 5919448 and the like disclose the use of plant growth regulators to promote the growth of plants. US 6475258 discloses the use of B vitamins to increase the photosynthetic yield of plants. US6309440 improves plant yield through various nutrient elements. JP 03109304, US 6465394 also discloses methods of using chemicals to enhance photosynthesis. These data utilize chemical substances to promote the accumulation of photosynthetic products, either by enhancing photosynthesis or by inhibiting metabolic processes such as photorespiration. These chemical substances have a certain effect of promoting photosynthesis of plants, but their use is limited to a certain extent because they are unstable in effect depending on plants or growth and development stages, or they have adverse effects on plants.
US 4835903 discloses a method of increasing photosynthesis in plants by spraying an aqueous solution containing carbon dioxide, which avoids the adverse effect ofchemicals on the plants, but because carbon dioxide is volatile, multiple continuous sprays are required. US 6179892 discloses a method for improving plant yield by spraying a granular formulation of starch on the foliage of a plant. US 6365406 discloses a method and composition for enhancing photosynthesis in plants using extracts of bacteria. Japanese patent JP 04166017 discloses the use of a method of enhancing light for enhancing photosynthesis, and WO 96/21737 discloses the use of transgenic technology for introducing a foreign gene involved in photosynthesis for enhancing photosynthesis. Chinese patent CN 1265003a, US patent US 5908708, US6110867, US 08/972659, US 6464995, US 6156327 report that high reflective granular materials are used to improve photosynthesis, which is a good method to promote photosynthesis by improving the illumination intensity or illumination area of plants by physical methods, without side effects on the environment and plants themselves. However, this method only increases the intensity of light, not only does it not increase the supply of carbon dioxide, but also the coating formed by the sprayed particles increases the resistance of carbon dioxide to the pores, and the increase of light respiration intensity is also increased to some extent due to the increase of the intensity of light, and the increase of the light polymerization yield is limited to some extent. The problem of supplying carbon dioxide is still to be solved in order to fundamentally improve the photosynthetic yield of plants.
The plants exchange gas mainly through stomata, absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and discharge oxygen produced in the body in time, thereby increasing the accumulation of photosynthetic products. In the gas exchange process, due to the existence of the boundary layer effect, the gas in the boundary layer flows and diffuses very slowly, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is very low, and the concentration gradient difference of the carbon dioxide inside and outside the air holes is small, so that the quantity of the carbon dioxide entering the air holes is influenced. In order to increase the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed into the pores, it is necessary to increase the gradient of carbon dioxide concentration between the inside and outside of the pores, and the principle of carbon dioxide fertilization is based on this. Under the condition of insufficient supply of carbon dioxide, the photosynthetic yield cannot be greatly improved by simply improving other conditions without improving the supply of carbon dioxide.
The amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the plant is related to the degree of stomatal opening and closing. If the stomata are opened for a long time, the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed is large, but the transpiration intensity is also large, the amount of water lost by the plant is large, and the water utilization rate is reduced. Particularly, under high temperature and high light intensity conditions, if the soil water supply is insufficient, the plant will wilt and the stomata will close, thereby decreasing the photosynthesis intensity. This is particularly evident in arid regions or seasons where water is scarce. US 4094845 discloses a method for reducing the effects of plant transpiration by spraying with an acrylic acid carboxylic ester. This method reduces transpiration intensity by reducing the opening degree of plant stomata, but also reduces the absorption of carbon dioxide accordingly, thereby reducing photosynthesis. Of course, this is less influential than wilting on photosynthetic intensity, and is of positive significance. US6069112 discloses a method for reducing the burning and damage of plants by intense light by spraying micro-particles, which, although also breathable, also reduces the absorption of carbon dioxide. Therefore, there is also a need to develop methods that can improve the water utilization of plants without reducing the photosynthetic strength of the plants.
Various pests such as various pests, pathogenic microorganisms and the like in agricultural production are one of the main obstacles for obtaining high yield and high efficiency in agricultural production, and for this reason, people have diligently made efforts to invent various pesticides such as various insecticides, bactericides, acaricides and the like, and the agricultural production leaps over a new step. The invention of the pesticide solves the problem of human satiety to a certain extent, and is one of the major inventions in the 20 th century. However, the wide application of the pesticide brings unexpected serious consequences, not only serious pollution to the environment and damage to the ecosystem, but also serious consequences to human beings. The use of the pesticide with wide and high dosage not only brings about the 3R problem (namely, the pesticide has high residue, drug resistance and rampant again), but also brings about great damage to the biological diversity. Pesticides do not control pests and pathogens well, but rather kill a large number of innocent organisms, especially various natural enemies of pests, in large quantities and promote the rapid extinction of a large number of species. After being applied, the pesticide is settled in soil or directly falls on plant bodies, is enriched and absorbed by the plants, enters human bodies through food chains through various ways, and threatens human bodies. Pollution-free prevention and control methods for plant diseases and insect pests are increasingly concerned by people in the world. US 6027740 discloses the use of particles such as calcined kaolin to modify the surface of plants to render them unsuitable for the life of harmful arthropods for the purpose of controlling pests, and US 5414954 also discloses a method of controlling pests by spraying solid particles onto the surface of plants. US 5392559, EP 0160712 a1, discloses a method of spraying polytetrafluoroethylene to form a smooth film todeter pests. The methods are to change the living environment of pests to make the pests not to select, thereby opening up a new way. However, these methods are effective against pests, but they have some adverse effects on the increase of photosynthetic yield of plants due to the presence thereof on the surface of plant leaves, increasing the resistance of plants to carbon dioxide uptake, and thus are also in need of improvement.
The carbon dioxide fixation amount of the plant is improved, the plant yield can be improved, and the atmospheric environment problem can be solved. The now increasing greenhouse effect of the atmosphere is mainly due to the emission of large amounts of carbon dioxide greenhouse gas to the atmosphere, which causes global warming. The greenhouse effect caused by the increase in carbon dioxide would greatly weaken the overall living environment of the plant, for example, aggravate drought, etc., which would impair the growth and reproduction of the plant to a considerable extent. A series of environmental problems brought by the greenhouse effect directly influence the development of the country and the life of people.
The method improves the fixed amount of carbon dioxide of plants, enables farmers to obtain more harvest on the same land area by adopting the same agricultural measures, not only can solve the problem of eating, but also can reduce the amount of global carbon dioxide greenhouse gases and improve the living environment of human beings.
The invention aims to provide a method for improving plant photosynthetic yield and enhancing plant drought resistance and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using a physical method and a composition which has no residue, improves the environment and does no harm to human health and realizes the method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for improving plant photosynthetic yield, enhancing drought resistance and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using a carbon dioxide adsorbent is characterized by comprising the following steps: the carbon dioxide adsorbent which has selective adsorption effect on carbon dioxide is sprayed or sprayed on the plant and is adhered to the surface of the plant, and a gas layer filled with high-concentration carbon dioxide is generated by utilizing the high-efficiency selective adsorption effect on the carbon dioxide, so that the concentration of the carbon dioxide near the stomata of the plant is particularly improved, the concentration gradient difference of the carbon dioxide inside and outside the stomata is improved, the speed of carbon dioxide molecules entering the stomata is promoted, the photosynthesis speed is improved, and meanwhile, the light respiration speed is reduced by improving the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the stomata, so that the accumulation of photosynthetic products is improved; the increase of the concentration of carbon dioxide in the stomata can partially close the stomata or reduce the opening degree of the stomata, thereby reducing the transpiration strength of the plants and improving the drought resistance and the water utilization rate of the plants. On the other hand, the carbon dioxide adsorbent can adhere to the body surface of pests, especially to the vicinity of the spiracles of pests such as insects and the surfaces of pathogens, so as to prevent aerobic respiration and influence normal growth and development of the pests, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing or reducing the damage of diseases and pests and improving the yield of plants. The discovery of carbon dioxide adsorbents, particularly zeolite molecular sieves, provides conditions for achieving carbon dioxide fertilization in the field. The carbon dioxide adsorbent selectively adsorbs carbon dioxide from the surrounding atmosphere, high-concentration carbon dioxide gas molecules are formed around the plant stomata, and the concentration gradient difference of the carbon dioxide inside and outside the stomata is improved. Because the adsorption of the adsorbent to the carbon dioxide is physical adsorption, no matter fixed-point adsorption or non-fixed-point adsorption, carbon dioxide molecules can form one or more layers of molecules on the surface of the adsorbent and can freely move on the surface of the adsorbent. Because the adsorbent is directly contacted with the air holes or epidermal tissues near the air holes, no boundary layer obstacle exists, and high-concentration carbon dioxide molecules on the surface of the adsorbent can directly flow into the air holes or the diffusion speed is increased because the concentration gradient difference of the carbon dioxide inside and outside the air holes is extremely high. After the pores absorb part of the carbon dioxide molecules in the adsorbent, the carbon dioxide molecules far away from the pores are quickly replenished due to the reduction of the concentration, and the adsorption balance of the adsorbent on the carbon dioxide molecules is broken and the carbon dioxide is quickly adsorbed again from the surrounding atmosphere to reach the balance. If photosynthesis continues to occur and the pores continuously draw carbon dioxide molecules from the sorbent, the sorbent will continuously adsorb carbon dioxide from the surrounding atmosphere to replenish it, thereby acting as a "carbon dioxide pump" similar to that of the C4 plant. And the photosynthesis stops at night, the absorption of the carbon dioxide by the air holes is also suspended, the adsorption of the adsorbent to the carbon dioxide reaches dynamic balance until the photosynthesis is restarted, the adsorption balance of the adsorbent to the carbon dioxide is broken again, and the carbon dioxide pump is restarted. The carbon dioxide adsorbent has certain strength and is generally not damaged in the natural environment, so that the carbon dioxide adsorbent can play a role of a carbon dioxide pump all the time in the life of plant leaves as long as the adsorbent is not dropped from the surfaces of plants, and therefore, the carbon dioxide adsorbent has the effect of being applied once and effective for a long time, and the effect is a physical effect and is harmless to the plants, the surrounding environment, human beings and other higher animals. The carbon dioxide adsorbent has a large surface area and has a high gas exchange speed with the surrounding atmosphere, so that the absorption of carbon dioxide by pores is greatly improved, and the photosynthesis rate of plants is improved. The accumulation of carbon dioxide gas molecules on the surface of the plant body can also increase the leaf surface temperature due to the greenhouse effect, thereby increasing the photosynthetic rate.
The carbon dioxide adsorbent does not adsorb oxygen or has small adsorption amount, so that oxygen generated by photosynthesis is not influenced to diffuse outwards through the air holes, and the oxygen is not accumulated in the air holes, so that the influence on the light respiration intensity is not enhanced. Conversely, an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide within the stomata can inhibit the intensity of photorespiration, thereby increasing the accumulation of photosynthetic products. This inhibition of light respiration does not interfere with the normal metabolism of the plant and therefore does not adversely affect the plant, and this inhibition is long lasting. Unlike chemical inhibitors, which are metabolized by plants or hydrolyzed to be ineffective, they must be applied frequently to exert a long-lasting inhibitory effect, and such additional light respiration inhibitors affect the normal metabolic pathways of plants, adversely affect other animals and the environment, not to mention the human body after being eaten by humans.
Plants emit water primarily through the pores to the surrounding atmosphere. The increase of the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the air holes can reduce the opening degree of the air holes or close the air holes, and the loss of moisture in the air holes is weakened, so that the transpiration effect is reduced, the consumption of soil moisture is reduced, and the utilization rate of the moisture is improved. The method has a particularly important significance for the plants cultivated in the drought and water-deficient areas or in the drought season. The increase of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere not only causes global climate warming, but also causes global crisis of fresh water resources. Due to the increasing severity of large-area drought and desertification, agricultural water shortage becomes one of the bottlenecks limiting agricultural production. Developing water-saving agriculture becomes one of the projects of agricultural experts all over the world. The carbon dioxide adsorbent not only improves the yield of photosynthesis of plants and reduces the amount of carbon dioxide greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, but also reduces the consumption of moisture by the plants and improves the moisture utilization rate, thereby having various benefits.
Harmful animals, particularly insects, which harm plants, mostly live or inhabit on the plant body. The carbon dioxide adsorbent sprayed on the plant body also falls on the body of the harmful animal, especially adheres to the vicinity of the insect valve, so that a carbon dioxide pump is formed at the part to block the respiration. The adsorbent only generates selective adsorption effect on carbon dioxide and does not or rarely adsorb oxygen, so that the partial pressure of oxygen near the air valve is small, carbon dioxide gas exhaled by the air valve cannot be exhausted from the body, and harmful animals are killed by suffocation due to high carbon dioxide partial pressure and low oxygen partialpressure, so that the purpose of prevention and treatment is achieved, and the consumption of photosynthetic products is reduced. Because the control is purely physical control, no residue is left on the environment, and no harmful influence is generated on other animals through a food chain, the control method is an efficient and safe control method.
The infection routes of plant diseases such as fungi and bacteria are often invaded through the plant epidermis, especially leaf diseases, and often through the epidermal tissues or stomata of the leaves. After the plant is sprayed with the carbon dioxide adsorbent, a high-concentration carbon dioxide gas layer is formed on the surface of the plant body, particularly on the surface of the leaf. Because of the high energy consumption required for the germination and invasion of pathogenic bacteria, the infection of plants must be completed under high oxygen conditions. The carbon dioxide gas layer with high concentration formed by the carbon dioxide adsorbent is not only unfavorable for the germination and infection of pathogenic bacteria, but also has an inhibiting effect on pathogenic tissues which are already germinated or infected. The pathogenic tissues breathe through the surfaces of the pathogenic tissues, and a high-concentration carbon dioxide gas layer is generated, so that normal aerobic respiration cannot be smoothly performed, poor growth and weakened infectivity are caused, and the disease resistance of plants is enhanced due to enhancement of photosynthesis, so that the harm of pathogenic bacteria to the plants can be reduced. Since the selective adsorption of carbon dioxide by the adsorbent is permanent, the inhibition is permanent and pathogenic bacteria do not become resistant.
The adsorbent is hydrophobic or has strong hydrophobicity, so that a moist environment cannot be formed on the surface of a plant body, and the effect of promoting the invasion of pathogenic bacteria is avoided. On the contrary, because the adsorbent has certain hydrophobicity, a humid environment cannot be formed on the surface of the plant body, and favorable conditions favorable for germination and infection of pathogenic bacteria cannot be formed on the surface of the plant body even after precipitation, so that the harm of the pathogenic bacteria can be reduced.
In order to improve the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent to carbon dioxide and the prevention and treatment capacity of pathogenic microorganisms, the adsorbent can be hydrophobic or has strong hydrophobicity, and the hydrophobicity is caused by the characteristics of the adsorbent or subjected to artificial hydrophobicity treatment. The adsorbent may also be hydrophilic under certain conditions.
The life activities of plants and pests can be carried out under a certain temperature condition, generally at 5-40 ℃. Therefore, the selected adsorbent has the strongest selective adsorption capacity for carbon dioxide within the range of 5-40 ℃, and particularly has high-efficiency selective adsorption capacity within the range of 10-35 ℃. Under the temperature condition, the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent to S02 and other substances harmful to plants is small.
In order to improve the selective adsorption capacity and adsorption quantity of the adsorbent to carbon dioxide within the range of 5-40 ℃ and the strong diffusion capacity of carbon dioxide molecules on the surface of the adsorbent, the adsorbent can adsorb some substances together, and the efficiency of the adsorbent is improved by utilizing the co-adsorbates. The composition of the adsorbent can be inorganic matter, organic matter, or a mixture of organic matter and inorganic matter, and can be natural product, or artificially synthesized, or the natural product is artificially modified, and can be a single adsorbent or a mixture of different adsorbents, as long as the adsorbent has strong selective adsorption capacity for carbon dioxide, and especially has good adsorption effect for carbon dioxide within the range of 5-40 ℃. In order to improve the inhibition effect of the carbon dioxide adsorbent on the photorespiration, other photorespiration inhibitors can be added into the adsorbent, and the inhibitors can be adsorbed by the adsorbent or can be independently present and not adsorbed in the adsorbent.
The carbon dioxide adsorbent may be subjected to a carbon dioxide gas saturation treatment before application to improve adsorption of carbon dioxide and reduce adsorption of gases harmful to plants.
A composition for improving plant photosynthetic yield, enhancing drought resistance and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using a carbon dioxide adsorbent is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: the composition mainly comprises a carbon dioxide adsorbent and an auxiliary agent. The carbon dioxide adsorbent in the composition may be: alumina impregnation, composite alumina/zeolites impregnation, zeolites A, zeolites X, especially zeolites 13X, and other substances which have a selective adsorption of carbon dioxide in the temperature range from 5 ℃ to 40 ℃. The carbon dioxide adsorbent can be various natural molecular sieves, artificially synthesized molecular sieves or artificially modified molecular sieves based on the natural molecular sieves, and the diameters of the sieve pores of the molecular sieves are larger than the diameter of a carbon dioxide molecule. Preferred molecular sieves are 4A molecular sieves, 5A molecular sieves, NaX molecular sieves, 13X molecular sieves, carbon molecular sieves, and other natural or synthetic analogues, including mixtures of one or more of its isomorphous substituents. The carbon dioxide adsorbent in the composition can be composed of a single adsorbent or a mixture of different adsorbents, and can be inorganic or organic.
The composition can be made into solid dosage forms such as powder, wettable powder, granule, microcapsule, etc., or liquid dosage forms such as suspension concentrate, etc. The solid dosage form has a particle diameter greater than 3 microns and less than 1000 microns. The particle size is less than 3 microns, and the granule easily floats in the air, is difficult to adhere to the plant surface, causes the wasting of resources and pollutes the atmosphere, is more than 1000 microns, is also difficult to adhere to the plant surface, and is especially difficult to adhere to the back of the blade that the gas pocket distributes more. The liquid dosage form may have a particle size of less than 3 microns.
The adjuvant in the composition can be various fillers, plant nutrients, surfactants, adhesives, stabilizers or their mixture, and the plant nutrients mainly include substances such as zinc, manganese, etc. which have promoting effect on photosynthesis, and other application elements including organic substances and inorganic substances.
In order to improve the inhibition effect on the photorespiration, different types of photorespiration inhibitors can be added into the auxiliary agent.
Different plant species and different growth and development stages of the plants have different requirements on the concentration of the carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide adsorbents with different adsorption capacities or different adsorption amounts can be combined according to different plant species or different physiological stages.
Different plant species and different physiological stages have different reactions to different light qualities, namely different colors of light, and the plant can be dyed by using different colors of adsorbents or adding different pigments, so that the requirements of the plant on the light are met toa greater extent, and the purpose of high quality and high yield is achieved.
In order to improve the control effect and efficiency of the composition on plant diseases and insect pests, various pesticides such as various insecticides, bactericides, nematicides, acaricides and the like, including natural pesticides and artificially synthesized pesticides, can be added into the composition.
The composition can be applied by various methods widely used in agricultural production, such as spraying, dusting on the ground by human or machine means, spraying by aircraft, or blasting in a manner similar to that used for fireworks, and is particularly suitable for forest plants. Since the active site of the carbon dioxide adsorbent is mainly a site where gas exchange is performed by stomata of plants, spiracles of animals such as insects, and cell walls of pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria, it is desired to form an adsorbent layer on the surface thereof as uniformly as possible and to exert the maximum effect when the adsorbent is applied.
When the powdery preparation is applied, the powder is applied when the air or the surface of the plant is wet in the absence of wind or in the morning because the particles are easy to float in the air, or the surface of the plant is sprayed with the powder and then the powder is sprayed. Or special machinery can be adopted to spray and spray powder simultaneously.
The compositions of the present invention may be delivered in powder form, in addition to solid form, using water and other low boiling point liquids or mixtures of water and low boiling point liquids as carriers. The low boiling point liquid refers to some liquid with the boiling point lower than 100 ℃. After the carbon dioxide adsorbent is applied to plants using these low boiling point liquids or their mixtures with water as carriers, the carbon dioxide adsorbent rapidly volatilizes, and the carbon dioxide adsorbent particles precipitate and adhere to the surfaces of plants and other living organisms living on the surfaces of plants, particularly the surfaces of stomata of plants, spiracles of animals, cell walls of pathogenic bacteria, and the like, and rapidly adsorb carbon dioxide molecules from the surrounding atmosphere to form a high-concentration carbon dioxide gas layer, thereby rapidly acting. The liquid with low boiling point may be organic substances which have 1 to 6 carbon atoms and are miscible with water, such as alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol, ketones, such as acetone, ethers, and ethylene oxide, as long as the carbon dioxide adsorbent can be uniformly dispersed without aggregation and is harmless to plants.
The amount of carbon dioxide sorbent applied will be known to those skilled in the art and will be sufficient to enhance photosynthesis in the plant to which the carbon dioxide sorbent is applied. Environmental conditions have an important influence on the application of the adsorbent, and particularly wind, rainfall and the like reduce the adhesion amount of the adsorbent to the foliage of the plants and reduce the effect, so that the adsorbent can be applied once or more in the growing season of the plants to maintain the effect, and the adhesive can be added at the time of application to improve the adhesion of the carbon dioxide adsorbent to the surface of the plants.
The plants of the invention are annual and perennial crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers, forest plants, medicinal materials, pasture and the likePhotosynthetic organisms, whether their carbon dioxide fixation pathway is C3Pathway, C4The pathway or the crassulacetic acid metabolic pathway and the like are effective; the pests and diseases comprise harmful animals such as arthropoda and linear animal phylum, and organisms such as fungi and bacteria which need oxygen for metabolic activity.
Description of the drawings 1: carbon dioxide adsorbent particles; a: the carbon dioxide adsorbent is close to one end of the plant; b: the end of the carbon dioxide adsorbent far away from the plant; 2: stomatal guard cells; 3: a cavity within the carbon dioxide adsorbent; 4: an air chamber; 5: coat hair; 6: measuring the boundary of the surface of the plant; 7: a lower epidermis; 8: mesophyll sponge tissue; 9: mesophyll fence organization; 10: the upper epidermis of the leaf.
Detailed description of the inventionthe present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples, which are intended to illustrate embodiments of the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as outlined in the claims section in any way.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a method for improving plant photosynthetic yield, enhancing drought resistance and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using a carbon dioxide adsorbent: the carbon dioxide adsorbent is adhered to the plant pores after being sprayed on the surface of the plant, and a large amount of carbon dioxide gas molecules are selectively adsorbed from the ambient air by utilizing the large surface area of the carbon dioxide adsorbent, so that a high-concentration carbon dioxide gas layer is formed near the pores, the carbon dioxide concentration gradient difference inside and outside the pores is improved, and the carbon dioxide gas molecules are promoted to be absorbed by the pores. Thereby promoting an increase in the rate of photosynthesis. The increase of the concentration of carbon dioxide in the pores also inhibits the intensity of light respiration, reduces the consumption of photosynthetic products and improves the accumulation of the photosynthetic products. The accumulation of carbon dioxide molecules on the surface of the plant body can also increase the leaf surface temperature due to the greenhouse effect, thereby increasing the photosynthetic rate. The improvement of the concentration of carbon dioxide molecules in the air holes can partially close the air holes and reduce the diffusion of water molecules in the air holes to the surrounding atmosphere, thereby improving the drought resistance of plants, reducing the water consumption of the plants, improving the utilization rate of the plants to water, and having remarkable drought resistance and yield increase effects especially under the conditions of high temperature and high light intensity. The carbon dioxide adsorbent has hydrophobicity, but can also adsorb a small amount of water molecules, so that the concentration of the water molecules around the air holes is improved, and the gradient difference of the water molecules inside and outside the air holes is reduced, thereby reducing the transpiration of the plants. Finally, the carbon dioxide adsorbent can improve the accumulation of plant photosynthetic products and improve the drought resistance of plants.
Pests such as insects need to inhale oxygen through the air vents and exhaust carbon dioxide waste gas generated in the body. The excessive carbon dioxide concentration partial pressure in the environment is unfavorable for the normal growth and development of the environment and even can suffocate and die. When the carbon dioxide adsorbent is sprayed on the surface of the insect or plant body, part of adsorbent particles can adhere to the vicinity of the air valve, on the air valve and even enter the air valve. Since the adsorbent has a strong selective adsorption effect on carbon dioxide, a high-concentration carbon dioxide gas molecular layer is formed near the gas gate. Because the adsorbent has no or weak adsorption capacity to oxygen, the partial pressure ofcarbon dioxide gas near the air valve is very high, and the partial pressure of oxygen is very low, so that the adsorption of oxygen by the air valve and the discharge of carbon dioxide waste gas are blocked, the normal growth and development of insects are adversely affected, and even suffocation death is caused. Pests not only directly feed on plant tissues to reduce photosynthetic area or directly damage harvested parts such as seeds, fruits and the like, but also spread various diseases, thereby indirectly affecting the harvest yield of plants. The control of harmful animals such as insects can reduce not only direct loss to plant tissues but also indirect loss to plants.
High-concentration oxygen supply is also required for normal growth and development of pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria and the like, and particularly, in the initial infection period, the infection cycle cannot be started when the oxygen supply is insufficient. The carbon dioxide adsorbent is sprayed on the plant, and the adsorbent can be adhered to the surface of the plant to form a uniform granular layer. The carbon dioxide adsorbent strongly adsorbs carbon dioxide from the surrounding atmosphere, and a high-concentration carbon dioxide gas molecular layer is formed on the surface of the plant body, so that the invasion of bacteria and fungi into the plant body and the normal growth and development of the plant body are adversely affected, and the harm to the plant body is reduced. The germs not only directly absorb nutrient substances from the plant body to cause direct damage, but also a plurality of germs can transmit viruses, mycoplasma-like substances and the like to indirectly damage the plant. The control of fungi, bacteria, etc. not only reduces direct losses, but also reduces indirect losses.
The fixed amount of the carbon dioxide by the plants is promoted by promoting photosynthesis, inhibiting light respiration, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and the like, so that the yield of the plants is improved, and the content of carbon dioxide greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is reduced, thereby reducing the adverse effect of greenhouse effect on global climate.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for improving plant photosynthetic yield, enhancing drought resistance and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using a carbon dioxide adsorbent: in the figure, the carbon dioxide adsorbent 1 is a zeolite molecular sieve attached near the air holes 2, and the molecular sieve selectively adsorbs carbon dioxide gas molecules from the surrounding air and collects the carbon dioxide gas molecules in a molecular sieve cavity 3 to form a multi-molecular layer. Since these carbon dioxide gas molecules are physically adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent, they can move freely on the surface of the adsorbent, especially the carbon dioxide gas molecules adsorbed on the outer layer, which are aliveThe mobility is stronger. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is low because carbon dioxide is consumed by photosynthesis in the gas cell 4 of the stomata. There is a boundary layer 6 outside the chamber, in which the gas flow is nearly stationary. The presence of the skin 5 having a protective effect thickens the boundary layer more than it would be without the skin, increasing the gas exchange resistance. The adsorbent 1 selectively adsorbs carbon dioxide from the surrounding atmosphere and stores the carbon dioxide in the cavity of the molecular sieve, directly conveys the carbon dioxide to the vicinity of the air holes, breaks through the resistance of a leaf surface boundary layer to the carbon dioxide, greatly improves the concentration gradient difference of the carbon dioxide inside and outside the air holes, greatly increases the amount of the carbon dioxide entering the air holes, and improves the supply amount of the carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide molecules at the A end of the carbon dioxide adsorbent are absorbed by the pores through diffusion, so that the concentration of the carbon dioxide molecules in the cavities of the molecular sieve is reduced, and a ladder exists between the carbon dioxide molecules and the B endThe carbon dioxide molecule in the cavity of the molecular sieve flows from the end B to the end A due to the difference in the degree, the dynamic balance between the adsorbent and the atmosphere is broken due to the reduction of the concentration of the carbon dioxide at the end B, and the carbon dioxide molecule is selectively adsorbed from the atmosphere again for replenishment, so that the high carbon dioxide gradient difference is kept between the end A and the air chamber of the air hole all the time, and the supply of the carbon dioxide is continuous. Thus, the adsorbent acts like C4The carbon dioxide pump of the plant. Since the leaf temperature is usually slightly higher than the air temperature, the temperature at the a end is usually slightly higher than that at the B end. Because the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent to carbon dioxide is reduced along with the increase of the temperature, or the desorption capacity of the carbon dioxide at the A end is higher than that at the B end, the flow of carbon dioxide molecules in the cavities of the molecular sieve is promoted, and the supply of the carbon dioxide to air holes is enhanced. The adsorbent only has high selective adsorption effect on carbon dioxide, has no adsorption capacity or less adsorption amount on oxygen, and cannot cause adverse effect on the diffusion of oxygen in the pores. The increase of the carbon dioxide concentration in the stomata can also reduce the opening degree of the stomata or partially close the stomata, so that the transpiration of the plants is weakened but the photosynthetic rate is not reduced, the water utilization rate is improved, and the method plays an important role in arid regions or seasons.
The situation that the carbon dioxide adsorbent is adhered to the vicinity of the valve of the insect is similar to the situation, but the adsorbent can adsorb more carbon dioxide exhaust gas exhaled by the valve, high carbon dioxide partial pressure is formed near the valve, and the partial pressure of oxygen is reduced, so that the insect is blocked in breathing, and the insect is suffocated to die. Because the effect is purely a physical effect, the pest will not develop resistance and will not enter the biological chain, and will not have adverse effects on other animals.
Pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria and the like breathe through cell walls, and because the adsorbent forms a high-concentration carbon dioxide gas layer on the surface of the adsorbent, the partial pressure of oxygen is reduced, and the adsorbent has adverse effect on oxygen absorption, so that the adsorbent cannot germinate or grow badly, and the infectivity is weakened, thereby reducing the harm to plants.
Example 1: the following table is one embodiment of the composition of the present invention.
Component proportion (mass percentage)
50 to 95 percent of carbon dioxide adsorbent
50 to 5 percent of auxiliary agent
The main component of the composition is carbon dioxide adsorbent, which can be various inorganic substances with selective adsorption effect on carbon dioxide, such as calcined activated alumina, impregnated alumina, clinoptilolite, mordenite, 4A molecular sieve, 5A molecular sieve, NaX molecular sieve, 13X molecular sieve and other natural or artificial analogues, including one or more mixtures of isomorphous substitutes thereof, or organic substances, such as activated carbon prepared by various methods, resin, carbon molecular sieves and the like. The adsorbent is subjected to carbon dioxide saturation treatment and thenmixed with an auxiliary agent for granulation or is subjected to saturation treatment by carbon dioxide after granulation, the particle diameter is 3-1000 microns, and the optimized particle diameter is 10-100 microns. The auxiliary agent is binder and inorganic nutrient elements such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Me, B and the like which have promoting effect on photosynthesis of plants, and organic nutrients such as urea, triacontanol and the like. In order to make the composition have different colors, carbon dioxide adsorbents with different colors can be used for mixing, and coloring agents such as pigments can be used for dyeing treatment, so that the promotion effect on plants and the prevention and treatment effect on plant diseases and insect pests can be improved. The finished product is stored in a moisture-proof bag in a sealed mode. When the plant foliage spray is applied, a mechanical or manual powder spraying machine can be used for spraying the plant foliage, and also the aerial spraying can be carried out by using instruments such as an airplane and the like.
Example 2: the following table is another embodiment of the composition of the present invention.
Component proportion (mass percentage)
80 to 100 percent of carbon dioxide adsorbent
20 to 0 percent of auxiliary agent
This embodiment is similar to embodiment 1, but differs therefrom in that: the carbon dioxide adsorbent is hydrophobic or subjected to hydrophobic treatment, the carbon dioxide adsorbent accounts for a higher proportion in the composition, the auxiliary agent can be an emulsifier, an adhesive and the like, and the composition can be prepared into wettable powder. The final product can be saturated with carbon dioxide, sealed, dried and stored. The application method comprises diluting with water, and spraying onto plant leaf surface with conventional spray device. The adjuvant can also be added with a photorespiration inhibitor to improve the inhibition effect on photorespiration.
The various embodiments listed in the various examples above may be combined depending on the particular treatment subject, and all such combinations are well known to those skilled in agriculture and agricultural chemicals and are within the scope of the claims of the present invention. The examples are given solely for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as outlined in the claims section in any way.
Claims (12)
1. A method for improving plant photosynthetic yield, enhancing drought resistance and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using a carbon dioxide adsorbent is characterized by comprising the following steps: the carbon dioxide adsorbent which has selective adsorption effect on carbon dioxide is sprayed or sprayed on the plant and is adhered to the surface of the plant, and a gas layer filled with high-concentration carbon dioxide is generated by utilizing the high-efficiency selective adsorption effect on the carbon dioxide, so that the concentration of the carbon dioxide near the stomata of the plant is particularly improved, the concentration gradient difference of the carbon dioxide inside and outside the stomata is increased, the speed of carbon dioxide molecules entering the stomata is promoted, the photosynthesis speed is improved, and meanwhile, the light respiration speed is reduced by improving the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the stomata, so that the accumulation of photosynthetic products is improved; the increase of the concentration of carbon dioxide in the stomata can partially close the stomata or reduce the opening degree of the stomata, thereby reducing the transpiration strength of the plants andimproving the drought resistance and the water utilization rate of the plants; the carbon dioxide adsorbent can be adhered to the body surface of harmful organisms, particularly the vicinity of the spiracles of harmful animals such as insects and the surface of pathogens, so that aerobic respiration is prevented, normal growth and development of the harmful animals are influenced, the aim of preventing or reducing the harm of diseases and pests is fulfilled, and the yield of plants is improved.
2. The method for improving plant photosynthetic yield, enhancing drought resistance and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using the carbon dioxide adsorbent as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the carbon dioxide adsorbent selectively adsorbs carbon dioxide from the surrounding atmospheric environment, the adsorption of the carbon dioxide is physical adsorption, fixed-point adsorption or non-fixed-point adsorption, the carbon dioxide adsorbent has high-efficiency adsorption effect on the carbon dioxide within the range of 5-40 ℃, and the carbon dioxide adsorbent has no adsorption capacity or weak adsorption capacity on gases harmful to plants, such as sulfur dioxide and the like.
3. The method for improving plant photosynthetic yield, enhancing drought resistance and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using the carbon dioxide adsorbent as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the carbon dioxide adsorbent can adsorb some co-adsorbates to improve the adsorption and desorption capacity of carbon dioxide and the adsorption capacity of carbon dioxide, and can be saturated with carbon dioxide gas before application.
4. The method for improving plant photosynthetic yield, enhancing drought resistance and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using the carbon dioxide adsorbent as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the carbon dioxide adsorbent can be an organic compound or an inorganic compound; the compound can be a natural compound, an artificially synthesized compound or a compound which is derived from natural and is subjected to artificial modification treatment.
5. The method for improving plant photosynthetic yield, enhancing drought resistance and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using the carbon dioxide adsorbent as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the carbon dioxide adsorbent may be a single substance or a mixture of a plurality of substances, and may be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic.
6. The method for improving plant photosynthetic yield, enhancing drought resistance and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using the carbon dioxide adsorbent as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the plant is an annual and perennial organism capable of photosynthesis such as crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers, forest plants, medicinal materials, pasture and the like, and the plant diseases and insect pests comprise harmful animals such as arthropoda and linear zoon and organisms such as fungi and bacteria which need oxygen for life metabolism.
7. The method for improving plant photosynthetic yield, enhancing drought resistance and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests by using the carbon dioxide adsorbent as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the action parts of the carbon dioxide adsorbent are mainly parts which can exchange gas, such as stomata of plant leaves, air gates of insects, cell walls of pathogenic microorganisms and the like.
8. The composition for realizing the method for improving the photosynthetic yield, the drought resistance and the pest control of the plants by using the carbon dioxide adsorbent according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps: the composition consists of a carbon dioxide adsorbent and an auxiliary agent.
9. The composition for improving plant photosynthetic yield, drought resistance and pest control by using carbon dioxide adsorbent according to claim 8, wherein the composition comprises: the carbon dioxide adsorbent can be various types of substances capable of selectively adsorbing carbon dioxide, preferably various natural molecular sieves, artificially synthesized molecular sieves or molecular sieves artificially modified on the basis of the natural molecular sieves or a mixture thereof, wherein the diameter of the molecular sieve is larger than that of a carbon dioxide molecule.
10. The composition for improving plant photosynthetic yield, drought resistance and pest control by using carbon dioxide adsorbent according to claim 8, wherein the composition comprises: the composition adjuvant can be various fillers, plant nutrients, photosynthesis promoter, adhesive, light respiration inhibitor, pesticide, bactericide or their mixture.
11. The composition for improving plant photosynthetic yield, drought resistance and pest control by using carbon dioxide adsorbent according to claim 8, wherein the composition comprises: the composition can be prepared into solid dosage forms such as powder, microcapsules and the like, the particle size of the composition is 3-1000 microns, the composition can also be prepared into liquid dosage forms such as suspending agents, colloidal suspending agents and the like, the composition can be applied by taking water, air and the like as carriers, other low-boiling-point liquids or mixtures of water as carriers, and the composition can be applied at one time or multiple times in the growing season of plants.
12. The composition for improving plant photosynthetic yield, drought resistance and pest control by using carbon dioxide adsorbent according to claim 8, wherein the composition comprises: the composition may be composed of substances having different adsorption capacities for carbon dioxide, and may be composed of carbon dioxide adsorbents having different colors or additives having different colors may be added thereto, depending on the plant species and the growth and development stages.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102531792A (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2012-07-04 | 南阳东仑生物光碳科技有限公司 | Biological optical carbon mixture and preparation method thereof |
| CN103783083A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2014-05-14 | 泌阳昆仑生物科技有限公司 | Preparation capable of enhancing absorption of carbon dioxide by plant |
| CN103920391A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-16 | 武汉光碳生态产业开发有限公司 | Carbon dioxide trapping agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN104914904A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-09-16 | 崔矿生 | Method and device for controlling artificial simulation environments |
| WO2020227812A1 (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2020-11-19 | CO2 GRO Inc. | Control of pathogens by foliar spraying with co2-infused water |
| CN113337399A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-09-03 | 张庆兰 | Plant cell culture device of daylighting floats |
| CN113424717A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-09-24 | 浙江大学 | Method for promoting photosynthetic efficiency of facility horticultural crops by using zeolite molecular sieve |
| CN115160532A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-10-11 | 合肥工业大学 | Bio-based waterborne polyurethane capable of promoting photosynthesis and preparation method thereof |
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2003
- 2003-04-22 CN CN 03121850 patent/CN1457642A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102531792A (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2012-07-04 | 南阳东仑生物光碳科技有限公司 | Biological optical carbon mixture and preparation method thereof |
| CN103783083A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2014-05-14 | 泌阳昆仑生物科技有限公司 | Preparation capable of enhancing absorption of carbon dioxide by plant |
| CN103920391A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-16 | 武汉光碳生态产业开发有限公司 | Carbon dioxide trapping agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN103920391B (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2015-09-16 | 湖北光碳生态产业开发有限公司 | A kind of collecting carbonic anhydride agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN104914904A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-09-16 | 崔矿生 | Method and device for controlling artificial simulation environments |
| WO2020227812A1 (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2020-11-19 | CO2 GRO Inc. | Control of pathogens by foliar spraying with co2-infused water |
| CN113337399A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-09-03 | 张庆兰 | Plant cell culture device of daylighting floats |
| CN113424717A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-09-24 | 浙江大学 | Method for promoting photosynthetic efficiency of facility horticultural crops by using zeolite molecular sieve |
| CN113424717B (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2022-05-31 | 浙江大学 | Method for promoting photosynthetic efficiency of facility horticultural crops by using zeolite molecular sieve |
| CN115160532A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-10-11 | 合肥工业大学 | Bio-based waterborne polyurethane capable of promoting photosynthesis and preparation method thereof |
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