JP2003116390A - Animal barn bedding material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an animal barn bedding material which can remove stinks evaporated from livestock excrements and the like, can be maintained in a dry state for a long period to reduce labor loads and economical loads due to the exchange of the bedding material, can remove salts in the excrements absorbed in the bedding material to promote the composting of the bedding material, and can efficiently be recycled into good composts. SOLUTION: This animal barn bedding material is characterized by mixing a ligneous or vegetable bedding material such as saw dust, chaff, other grain hulls, wood chips, or barks with a pineapple enzyme.

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to livestock such as cows, horses and pigs, and animal houses such as pets such as dogs, cats, hamsters, guinea pigs and squirrels. It relates to litter. Conventionally, rice straw, wheat stalks and the like have been frequently used as litter for cattle stalls such as cows, pigs and stables, but in recent years, sawdust has been replaced by rice straws and wheat stalks. , Rice husk,
Various materials such as wood chips, bark, bark, paper, and coconut shell chips are used. The litter is mixed with dirt such as excreta excreted by animals, so that the litter is replaced every predetermined period. The used litter mixed with excrement is used as compost. Also, sawdust and the like are used as litter on the floor of a breeding container for pets such as hamsters. [0003] However, litter mixed with waste such as manure excreted by livestock produces a bad odor, pollutes the environment inside and outside the barn, and there are many complaints from neighboring residents about the odor pollution.
Large livestock such as cattle, horses and pigs also excrete large amounts of excrement, and the litter becomes saturated with excrement in a short period of time, and the barn tends to become unsanitary. Therefore, the conventional litter had to be replaced every one or two weeks. However, the replacement of litter in livestock barns is quite labor intensive, and the price of sawdust and the like used for litter is soaring, which is a heavy burden on livestock industry. In addition, litter mixed with manure and other waste after use in the barn is composted and reused, but manure is relatively easily fermented and decomposed, while wood materials such as sawdust are not easily decomposed. It remains as wood powder. [0004] Regarding the above-mentioned problems concerning litter,
A method has been proposed in which a malodor is removed by adding a deodorant such as wood acetic acid, a bactericide or the like to the litter, and the generation of pathogenic bacteria is prevented. In addition, a method has been proposed in which a decomposition promoter such as an active mixed microorganism or an aerobic ultra-high temperature bacterium is blended with a litter that is difficult to decompose to promote decomposition and promote composting. However, for example, cattle have a constitution that consumes a large amount of salt, so that the manure excreted from cattle also contains salt, and therefore, the litter that has absorbed these manure has the above-mentioned salt content. Due to the influence, the growth of microorganisms is suppressed, and even if a decomposition accelerator is added, the effect is lost due to salt, and as a result, decomposition of wood and plant materials, which are base materials for litter, becomes compostable. Not only is it difficult, but the microorganisms do not decompose pollutants such as manure, so that composting requires a long period of time and environmental problems due to odors occur. Furthermore, when compost containing salt is introduced into soil such as a field, there is a possibility that propagation of useful microorganisms and insects in the soil may be inhibited. Generally, the continuous use of dairy cow dung in the house is strictly prohibited because, if cow dung containing salt is used continuously as fertilizer as described above, salt is accumulated in the soil and soil salt damage occurs. As described above, there are many problems in treating used litter mixed with manure. So, at present,
Manure is separated from used litter in livestock houses and the like, stored in a manure reservoir and sprayed on the wilderness with a spray pump, or only the fecal portion is accumulated and awaits natural fermentation. However, the situation is almost equivalent to neglect, and adversely affects the surrounding environment. Furthermore, the input of raw manure into a field or the like may cause an adverse effect such as generation of defective products due to excessive nitrogen in agricultural products. Therefore, development of a high-quality composting technology for used litter has been demanded. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above, the present invention is intended to remove, as a litter for animal houses such as livestock and pets, an odor generated from filth such as excrement absorbed by the litter, In addition, by maintaining the dry state of the litter over a long period of time, the use period is extended to reduce labor and economic burden on livestock farmers by replacing the litter, and to remove the salt in the excrement absorbed by the litter. The purpose of the present invention is to promote the composting of litter and to provide animal litter which can be effectively reused as high-quality compost. Means for Solving the Problems [0007] The present inventor has proposed that excretion of animals such as livestock is achieved by blending pineapple enzymes with woody materials such as sawdust and plant materials such as rice husks used as litter. The odor generated from waste such as excreta can be removed, and the volatility of the moisture in the waste absorbed by the litter is improved, and the litter is kept sticky and dry for a long time. The service life is extended to reduce the labor and economic burden on livestock farmers involved in litter replacement.Furthermore, the removal of salt from waste can be promoted without special treatment facilities and labor, and the waste can be mixed. Enrich the microbial flora in the litter, promote the propagation of protists, etc., can promote the composting of the litter, and after composting, reduce the microflora in the soil by the action of pineapple enzymes. The present inventors have found that it is possible to obtain a high-quality compost that can be enriched, promote the breeding of protozoa, insects, and the like, and promote the growth of crops, thereby completing the present invention. That is, the litter for animal buildings according to the present invention is obtained by blending a pineapple enzyme with a woody or vegetable litter base material such as sawdust, rice husk, other husks, wood chips, bark, bark, and the like. is there. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Woody or fibrous litter base materials in animal litter of the present invention include sawdust, rice husk and other grains, wood chips, bark, bark, and the like. It is not limited to these. In the present invention, since the pineapple enzyme compounded in the woody or fibrous litter base material promotes the composting of the litter base material, conventionally, thinned wood chips that have been shunned because of the difficulty of composting Even coconut shells and other plant crushed materials can be used. [0010] In the litter of the present invention, the pineapple enzyme absorbs malodorous components, such as ammonia gas, generated from animal excrement and the like, thereby preventing the generation of malodor. Further, the pineapple enzyme converts the adsorbed decomposition gas into harmless amino acids and can be used as a nutrient source for microorganisms. In addition, since urine and urine are subject to the action of removing odors by the pineapple enzyme in the litter immediately after excretion by animals, there is no odor pollution around the barn, and complaints from neighboring residents are drastically reduced. The cleaning environment improves the breeding environment, prevents the occurrence of inhalation disorders to the animals, and prevents the growth of the animals from being hindered by the malodor and reduces mortality. The pineapple enzyme has also been found to have an effect of improving the volatility of water in the waste mixed with the litter. By maintaining the litter in a dry state for a long period of time, the replacement time of the litter can be delayed. . For example, in the case where the replacement is conventionally performed twice a month, the replacement can be performed only once in March. [0012] The pineapple enzyme contains a plurality of types of degrading enzymes such as dehydrogenation, decarboxylation, deamino acid, de-sulfur, and dechlorination, and exerts a plurality of enzyme-decomposing functions on salts and chlorine compounds. . As a result, salts and chlorine compounds contained in waste such as animal excrement absorbed by the litter are enzymatically decomposed by the pineapple enzyme. Therefore, the decomposition action of the litter base material such as manure and sawdust by microorganisms is not inhibited by the salt, and the composting of the used litter is promoted. Furthermore, the pineapple enzyme promotes the propagation of flavobacterium and photosynthetic bacteria in waste such as excrement, and improves the composting efficiency. Further, when the litter after use is reused as compost, the pineapple enzyme activates the microorganisms so that the same or higher decomposition effect can be obtained even without the growth of microorganisms, so that a large amount of amino acids can be consumed. Can be suppressed, and nitrogen starvation in soil can be prevented. In addition, the chemical reaction catalyzed by the pineapple enzyme also degrades lignin and hard-to-decompose organic compounds such as resin components in woody materials such as sawdust and plant materials such as rice hulls. However, the soil does not become oxygen deficient (anaerobic state) when used as compost because oxygen consumption is low despite having. That is, it is said that the lignin is an indegradable amorphous polymer that constitutes the woody cell wall of a plant together with cellulose, and can be degraded only by mushroom hypha. Therefore, when this lignin enters the soil, nitrogen, which should be supplied to the crop, is consumed in large quantities for lignin decomposition, and the nitrogen supply to the crop becomes insufficient. This is called nitrogen starvation of the soil. In a cow's stomach, cellulose is decomposed, but lignin is not decomposed and is discharged into litter mixed with feces. When such a litter containing undegraded lignin is used as compost, the nitrogen starvation phenomenon of the soil occurs as described above, and the growth of crops is inhibited. In this regard, in the present invention, the pineapple enzyme decomposes lignin in the litter, thereby preventing the nitrogen starvation phenomenon of the soil due to the large consumption of nitrogen for lignin decomposition. In addition, the effect of inactivating growth-inhibiting bacteria such as sulfate-reducing bacteria (thiobacillus bacteria) has been recognized as a pineapple enzyme. Furthermore, pineapple enzymes are present in wood-based litter substrates and plant-based litter substrates, photosynthetic bacteria,
By simultaneously activating plant growth promoting bacteria such as apical parasites, the same growth promoting effect can be exerted without introducing various bacteria from outside. In addition, the pineapple enzyme also has functions such as dehydrogenation, decarboxylation, deamino acid, desulfide, and dechlorination. The various functions of these pineapple enzymes prevent the occurrence of plant diseases such as root nodules, root rot, and crested wilt, and promote germination and growth of plants. In addition, the effect of soil electrical conductivity on the growth of plants cannot be ignored. That is, it is considered that the lower the soil electric conductivity is, the better the germination and rooting of the plant are.
Germination and rooting are promoted in the case of about 1 to 0.2. On the other hand, it is said that the soil electric conductivity is preferably about 0.3 to 0.4, more preferably about 0.5 to 0.6 during the growth of the plant after germination and rooting. When the soil electric conductivity at the time of germination and rooting of a plant is high, a fertilizer invades into a plant seed by osmotic pressure, and germination and rooting are inhibited, and the plant's survival on soil is inhibited. Pineapple enzymes also have the effect of reducing soil electrical conductivity during germination and rooting, and promoting plant survival in soil. As described above, the pineapple enzyme used in the present invention promotes deodorization of malodors such as ammonia odors generated from filth such as manure excreted and absorbed into litter by animals such as livestock and used. Nitrogen starvation of soil generated in the process of decomposing non-degradable materials such as undegraded litter base material and lignin contained after composting,
Good germination of plants by eliminating inhibiting factors such as oxygen deficiency,
It is to achieve growth. The pineapple enzyme is in the form of a liquid, powder or granule obtained by squeezing pineapple juice preferably under non-oxidizing conditions and concentrating or drying the enzyme in an active state. The pineapple enzyme contains various kinds of high-molecular-weight organic compound-decomposing enzymes, and can be easily obtained only by squeezing pineapple juice.
It can be manufactured cheaper than extracting separately. The following are examples of the main components of the pineapple enzyme. The object in parentheses is the operation target. Alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol) lactate dehydrogenase (lactose) glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (saccharide) aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldehyde) L-aspartate beta-semialdehyde NAD
P oxidorectase (aldehyde) Glutamate dehydrogenase (amino acid) Aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (amino acid) NADPH2
P) Glutathione dehydrogenase (glutathione) Trehalose phosphate synthetase (carbohydrate) Polyphosphoate kinase (ATP) Ethanolamine phosphatide cytidyl transferase (CTP) Trehalose phosphatase (carbohydrate) Metalthiophosphophosphate Glycerate phosphatase (glycerin) inulase (inulin) β-mannosidase (carbohydrate) uridine nucleosidase (amino acid) cytosine diaminase (cytosine) methylcysteine synthetase (amino acid) aspartate synthetase (ATP) succinate dehydrogenase (succinic acid) Aconitate hydrogenase (citrate) fumarate hydrogenase (malonic acid) malate dehydrogenase (malonic acid) Acid synthetase (acetyl CouA) isocitrate dehydrogenase (citrate) LSNADP oxidase (citrate) monoamine oxidase (amine) histaminease (amine) pyruvate decarboxylase (oxo acid) ATPase (ATP) nucleotide Pyrophosphatase (nucleic acid) Endopolyphosphatase (ATP) ATP phosphohydrolase (ATP) Orotidine pentaphosphate decarboxylase (orotidine) and other enzymes. Usually, the pineapple enzyme is used in the form of a preparation supported on an inorganic powder such as charcoal powder or clay, or impregnated with glucose, in order to use it while maintaining its activity. The use form in the present invention may be a liquid form, a dry powder or a granular form, but is preferably used in a powder form. The type of the inorganic powder for holding the pineapple enzyme is not particularly limited, and various types such as zeolite such as green zeolite and white zeolite, calcium carbonate, and silica stone can be used. Among these, in the case of a porous inorganic powder such as zeolite, a large amount of pineapple enzyme is retained, and the porous inorganic powder has a bad odor component generated from animal excrement,
While adsorbing decomposed gas such as wood litter base material or vegetable litter base material such as sawdust generated during composting to prevent the generation of offensive odor, the adsorbed decomposition gas is converted into the porous inorganic powder. The retained pineapple enzyme can be efficiently converted to amino acids. In addition, when minerals such as algae fossils such as chlorella fossils and diatom fossils and shells such as oysters are used as inorganic powders, the minerals contained in these powders are metabolites of useful microorganisms. It can be a nutrient source and promote plant growth. In particular, oyster powder is preferable as a mineral source of useful microorganisms because it contains abundantly more than 100 kinds of minerals in seawater. In the present invention, a combination of a plurality of powders having different characteristics, such as a porous inorganic powder such as zeolite as described above, a ceramic powder, and a powder containing minerals such as algae fossils and oysters may be used. Can be. The particle size of the inorganic powder is not particularly limited.
A range of 30 μm is preferred. As a method for producing the animal litter of the present invention, it is only necessary to add and mix a pineapple enzyme to a wood litter base such as sawdust and a plant litter base such as rice hull. Pineapple enzyme may be sprayed on the litter substrate laid on the floor of the building. Furthermore, even after the use of the litter, it is possible to obtain a high-quality compost by adding the pineapple enzyme to the odor removing action, the salt removing action, and the decomposition action of hardly decomposable substances such as lignin. it can. As described above, in the present invention, by a very simple operation of simply adding the pineapple enzyme to the litter base material, it is possible to remove the odor of the litter, extend the use period, promote composting, and further promote the growth of crops by improving the soil environment. The effect is obtained,
The convenience for livestock farmers is very large.
Furthermore, if pineapple enzymes are added and mixed in advance during the production of wood chips, etc., as a litter base material, livestock farmers can use them without any change from conventional litters,
Further, convenience is improved. In the litter of the present invention, the amount of the pineapple enzyme used is not limited, and an appropriate amount may be used depending on the type of animal. If the pineapple preparation (enzyme content: 0.2%) is blended at a ratio of about 500 g to 1 kg per 1 m ³ of the litter base material, the intended effect can be exhibited. The animal litter of the present invention as described above is
In addition to domestic animals such as cows, horses, pigs, etc., they can be used as litter for pets, dogs, cats, hamsters, guinea pigs, squirrels and the like. The litter of the present invention can remove not only the bad smell generated from the excrement of these animals, but also the smell generated from these animals themselves, and can be suitably used for pet animals raised indoors. After use,
By spraying on flower beds and kitchen gardens, it is possible to improve their soil environment and promote the growth of flowers and vegetables. Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the examples do not limit the present invention at all. [0024] [Example 1] sawdust 1 m ³ per pineapple enzyme preparation ( "Uyama enzyme" (registered trademark), Cosmo Bio International Laboratory Ltd., agricultural enzyme preparation, the enzyme content 0.
2%) in an amount of 1 kg and uniformly mixed to obtain a litter for animal buildings of the present invention. Place this litter on the barn floor 10cm
When the sheets were used at the same thickness, the bedding remained smooth even after one week. One week after use, 5
When the ammonia concentration at a height of 0 cm was measured, it was found that the ammonia concentration was 0.1 cm.
It was 2 ppm. This litter could be used without replacement for 3 weeks. On the other hand, when only the same sawdust as above was spread and used on the cowshed floor with a thickness of 10 cm, the sawdust became sticky in one week, and could not be used continuously any more. . Also, one week later on the floor 5
The ammonia concentration at a height of 0 cm was 3 ppm. As a result, it was confirmed that the malodor removing effect by mixing the pineapple enzyme with the litter was confirmed. Example 2 Example 1 using sawdust as a base material
After using the barn for 3 weeks in the same manner as described above, the litter mixed with cow manure was deposited on a compost yard and composted, and humus formation was observed in about 3 weeks. Overall, it was possible to obtain good quality compost with effective humus from the litter after use within 12 to 150 days. Example 3 Example 2 using sawdust as a base material
After using it in the barn as above, the composted litter was sprayed on the fields of crops such as lilies, peppers, and spinach.
All crops showed very good growth. Example 2 When the same pineapple enzyme as that used in Example 1 was sprayed on a litter in a pig barn, the conflict of the pigs disappeared, and after 40 minutes of spraying, all the pigs went to sleep and the heart rate was reduced. Also dropped below 60. This is considered to be due to the following action of the pineapple enzyme. In other words, the heartbeat of the animal is for the supply of oxygen to the lower back of the body, but if the odorous components are mixed in the sucked air, the absorbed oxygen is consumed in the body for the decomposition of the odor. The heart rate rises to compensate for this. In this regard, if pineapple enzyme is added to the litter, the air in the barn is purified by the odor eliminating action of the pineapple enzyme, thereby suppressing an increase in the heart rate of livestock and drastically reducing conflict. As described above, according to the present invention, the pineapple enzyme blended in the litter base material such as sawdust is used to
The odor generated from animal waste and other waste mixed with the litter is removed, and the environment of the animal house is improved.
Odor pollution around the barn is also prevented. In addition, by promoting the volatilization of moisture such as dirt absorbed by the litter and maintaining the dry state of the litter for a long period of time, it is possible to reduce the labor and cost burden of the livestock farmer involved in the replacement of the litter. Furthermore, thanks to the action of pineapple enzymes, it is possible to promote the removal of salts in the excrement mixed in the litter without enlarging the special litter, enriching the microbial flora in the used litter, , Which promotes breeding and promotes composting, and can be effectively reused as high-quality compost.
In addition, the pineapple enzyme decomposes hard-to-degrade substances such as lignin, which prevents the occurrence of nitrogen starvation in the soil when the used litter is used as compost, and promotes the inorganic effect in the soil, The absorption of minerals such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, and silicic acid is promoted, the anti-disease property is improved, and pesticide-saving cultivation can be realized. Further, by the action of decomposing hardly decomposable substances such as lignin by the pineapple enzyme, wastes such as thinned wood, pruned foliage, old wood and the like which have been previously unsuitable as compost can be used as a litter base material. It is possible to contribute to environmental protection by recycling timber resources, and it is also useful for promoting forestry.

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. An animal comprising pineapple enzyme mixed with woody or vegetable litter base material such as sawdust, rice husk or other husks, wood chips, bark, bark, etc. House litter.