RU2801614C1 - Treatment of mastitis in lactating cows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention in particular relates to veterinary. A method for treating mastitis in lactating cows includes intramuscular administration of tylosin at a dose of 10 ml and crystalline trypsin diluted with a solution of tylosin at a dose of 0.02-0.03 mg per 1 kg of live weight daily for 3-5 days.

EFFECT: invention reduces the dose of the antibiotic used, reduces the labour of veterinary specialists, the terms of treatment and more rapid removal of antibiotics from the animal organism.

1 cl, 1 ex, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to veterinary medicine, and can be used in the treatment of mastitis in cows during the lactation period.

Mastitis or inflammation of the mammary gland is the main reason for the deterioration of the sanitary quality of milk, which becomes unsuitable for technological processing. In accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation of June 12, 2008 No. 88-FZ "Technical Regulations for Milk and Dairy Products", the requirements for milk production have increased. At the same time, the problem of mastitis in animals is still relevant today. To combat bovine mastitis and reduce the damage caused by this disease, the most interesting are the methods of treatment that allow to identify the inflammatory process in the mammary gland at an early stage of the development of the disease before the onset of clinical signs.

Currently, the most well-known methods for the treatment of latent mastitis in cows are using the following drugs:

Mastisan A is a complex preparation, which includes benzylpenicillin, streptomycin, norsulfazol or sulfadimezin, vegetable or vaseline oil, emulsifiers. Before using mastisan A, it is heated to 36-39°C and shaken until a uniform suspension is obtained. 2-3 doses of the drug are injected into the affected lobe, depending on the severity of the process. If necessary, the introduction is repeated every 24 hours.

Mastisan B is a drug that contains neomycin, sulfadimezin, methyluracil, polyglycerol diastarate, vaseline oil. The drug is heated to 37°C and injected into the affected lobe through the teat canal at a dose of 5 ml twice a day (after milking). The course of treatment is 2-3 days.

Mastisan E is a suspension of erythromycin and sulfadimesin in a polyethylsiloxane liquid with an emulsifier. It is injected into the affected quarter warmed up with an interval of 12 hours 2-3 times at a dose of 5-15 ml, if necessary, the course of treatment is repeated.

Masticide - suspension of penicillin, streptomycin, sulfadimisin and norsulfazol in vegetable oil. Before use, the drug is heated to 39 ° C and shaken thoroughly. Lactating cows are injected intraperitoneally after milking twice a day, every 12 hours, and dry cows after 12-24 hours. The course of treatment is carried out for 2-3 days.

Masticid-2 is a complex preparation containing 10 ml of benzathinepenicillin - 200 thousand units, streptomycin sulfate - 100 thousand units, sulfadimesin - 0.35 g, vegetable oil - 10 ml, beeswax or aluminum stearic acid - 0, 4 g. Masticid-2 is injected into the affected quarter of the udder after evening milking once at a dose of 10 ml. After 10 days, the drug is re-administered if necessary.

Difurol A is a drug containing furagin, furazolidone, polyethylene oxide - 400 and dimexide. The drug is injected through the nipple canal into the affected quarter heated to 36-39°C. The dose of difurol is 10-20 ml with an interval of 12-24 hours. The course of treatment is 3-4 days. If necessary, the course of treatment is repeated after 10-15 days.

Patent No. 2180839 - Drug for the treatment of mastitis in animals. In case of mastitis, animals are treated with a preparation containing, g / ml, the dose of administration: oxytetracycline hydrochloride 0.0472, soft monoglyceride 0.03, distilled monoglyceride 0.03, oil up to 1.0. The drug is prepared by dispersing an antibiotic powder in an oil base (oil with emulsifiers) in a colloid mill until a homogeneous and stable suspension is obtained. The therapeutic dose of intracisternal administration is 5 and 10 ml. As a result of a daily single application of the proposed drug, the recovery of animals is achieved after 1-5 days of treatment, which indicates an increase in the therapeutic efficacy of the drug.

According to various authors, the effectiveness of these drugs used for latent mastitis in cows ranges from 55 to 85%. However, all these drugs include antibiotics and chemotherapeutic substances, which, as mentioned above, have a side effect on the animal organism. In addition, the introduction of these drugs is laborious, since they must be injected directly into the affected quarter of the mammary gland, always after milking and for several days.

A known Method for the treatment and prevention of endometritis and complicated injuries of the birth canal in animals (Prosandeev V.K. RU 2058790 C1, publ. 27.04.1996), which indicates that, along with antibiotics, animals are administered intramuscularly additionally based on 1 kg of mass 0, 05-0.2 mg trypsin. However, the author gives examples when a cow weighing 350-500 kg is injected with a solution of antibiotics and enzymes, where the dose of trypsin is 10-20 mg. For the treatment of mastitis, this recipe was not used.

The closest to the claimed invention in terms of essential features is a drug for the treatment of mastitis in lactating cows (RU 2 698 820 C1. Shabunin S.V.). The invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine and is a preparation for the treatment of mastitis in lactating cows, containing two antibiotics of the penicillin group, one of which is cloxacillin sodium salt, and a base, characterized in that amoxicillin trihydrate is used as the second antibiotic, as the base - emulsifier Riken DMG and distilled monoglyceride, and additionally contains an anti-inflammatory agent prednisolone in the following ratio, wt. %: amoxicillin trihydrate - 2.5-3.5, cloxacillin sodium salt - 4.5-5.5, prednisolone - 0.28-0.32, Riken DMG emulsifier - 3.0, distilled monoglyceride - 1.0, vaseline oil - up to 100. The claimed invention allows to increase the effectiveness of the treatment of various forms of mastitis in cows during lactation.

The claimed invention is aimed at solving the problem of creating an effective method for the treatment of mastitis in cows.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the dose of antibiotics used, the duration of treatment and the content of antibiotics in cow's milk.

To solve this problem and achieve the claimed result in the method of treating mastitis in cows, along with the use of a broad-spectrum antibiotic intramuscularly (tylosin), in addition, as a drug that has an anti-inflammatory, metabolic-enhancing effect, crystalline trypsin diluted with saline is used, which is administered intramuscularly, crystalline trypsin is used in dose of 0.02-0.03 mg/kg of cow live weight for 3-5 days.

At the same time, trypsin dissolves well with tylosin, and the antibiotic dose can be reduced by half compared to those recommended for mastitis in cows. In accordance with GOST 12.1.007-76, tylosin belongs to substances of the 4th hazard class - low-hazard.

The method has several advantages:

1) the animal is given an intramuscular injection of drugs once a day for 3-5 days, which reduces the time spent by a specialist in the treatment of one animal compared to intracisternal injections of drugs;

2) the use in combination with crystalline trypsin enhances the anti-inflammatory effect and reduces the time of excretion of tylosin with milk;

3) the effectiveness of antibiotic use is increased by reducing the treatment time for sick animals and reducing by 2 times the recommended dose of antibiotic in mild forms of the disease.

The essential features characterizing the invention are the ability of trypsin to penetrate into inflamed tissues, including the mammary gland, while increasing its activity in the milk of cows with mastitis. EFFECT: invention makes it possible to reduce the terms of antibiotic withdrawal in the treatment of mastitis, which reduces the economic losses of the milk producer. The use of the drug intramuscularly reduces the labor costs of veterinary specialists when performing therapeutic measures. Reduced use of antibiotics in the treatment of mastitis in cows.

An example of the implementation of the method using trypsin as part of the complex therapy of mastitis in cows

Treatment of mastitis in cows was carried out according to the scheme adopted in the farm. Additionally, crystalline trypsin, which was diluted with saline and administered intramuscularly at a dose of 0.02-0.03 mg/kg of cow live weight daily for 3-5 days, was used as a drug with anti-inflammatory, metabolism-increasing action. On the first and last day of drug use, blood was taken for morpho-biochemical studies. The results are presented in table. 1.

The results showed that with the introduction of trypsin intramuscularly in the indicated doses, a 2.5-fold increase in trypsin activity in the blood was observed in the Damba cow on the 3rd day of the experiment. In cow Luchan, trypsin activity on the 5th day of the experiment increased 1.4 times, while in Olive it remained unchanged. It should be noted that trypsin is involved in regulatory processes in the body of animals and humans in the blood as part of the kallikrein-kinin system, affecting blood pressure and the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, its indicator in the blood should be considered as a marker of metabolism. Our studies on poultry have shown that trypsin activity changes in broilers with age, and also depends on health and nutrition (Egorov I.A., Vertiprakhov V.G., 2017). Comparing the initial trypsin activity in cows, we can consider the initial level in Damba to be relatively low, which is due to the chronic course of the disease. The use of the drug stimulated the metabolism and, possibly, the body's defense system in the fight against mastitis. In this individual, an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) was observed during treatment - a cellular enzyme that enters the bloodstream during the destruction of bone tissue, intestines, and other organs. It is possible that increased metabolic processes in the mammary gland affected the activity of this enzyme in the blood. As a result, the phosphatase-protease index increased by 1.9 times on the 3rd day. In two other cows, an increase in the phosphatase-protease index was observed during the treatment of mastitis. Thus, the cow Luchan's index increased by 1.8 times, and in Oliva - by 1.9 times compared to the initial value. This was mainly due to a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the blood, and in Luciana also due to an increase in the activity of trypsin.

The results of the study of hematological parameters are presented in table. 2.

The results of the study showed that the activity of leukocytes in the blood of the Damba cow, when used as part of complex therapy of trypsin, which was administered intramuscularly 1 time per day at a dose of 0.02-0.03 mg/kg of body weight, decreased by 18.5% (p< 0.05). There were changes in the leukocyte formula, where there was a decrease in neutrophils by 14.6% during the treatment of mastitis and an increase in lymphocytes by 28.8%. Given that the neutrophils were above the norm, and the lymphocytes were below the norm, the indicated dynamics can be considered as positive. An increase in monocytes by 67.6% during treatment indicates a decrease in the inflammatory response, since these cells are the precursors of tissue macrophages, they remove dying cells, denatured protein, bacteria and antigen-antibody complexes from the body. They are called "wipers of the body" because their number in the blood increases in the final phase of inflammation. The number of eosinophils in the course of treatment tends to increase, but does not go beyond the norm, and basophils decreases and corresponds to the norm.

Erythrocytes are involved in the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, their number in the treatment of mastitis, like other erythrocyte indices, was at the same level.

The results of the experiment showed that the treatment of mastitis in cows using intramuscular injections of trypsin had individual characteristics. So, the cow Luciana had an increase in the number of leukocytes by 34.9% compared to the initial value, and in the cow Olivka, on the contrary, a decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood by 19.8%, which is associated with a low level of leukocytes in the blood of Luciana. If the level of neutrophils in the leukocyte formula in both cows corresponded to the physiological norm, then the number of lymphocytes in the cow Luchan was below the norm, which may indicate immunodeficiency and requires a special immunological blood test. The number of monocytes in the blood within 4 days of trypsin application returned to normal in the cow Olivka, and in the cow Luchana it corresponded to the physiological norm throughout the entire period of treatment.

In cow Luchana, during the treatment of mastitis, a decrease in the number of erythrocytes in the blood by 4.0% (p<0.05) was observed, which can be considered as a decrease in metabolic processes. This was confirmed by a decrease in the content of hemoglobin in the blood by 5.1% (p<0.05).

Thus, the use of trypsin in the form of an intramuscular injection to cows once a day for four days against the background of intracisternal treatment with drugs (mastiet forte) contributed to the recovery of the mammary gland and influenced immunological parameters, changing the content of leukocytes in the blood and optimizing the number of granulocytes and lymphocytes.

An example of the implementation of the new method. Animals for the experiment were divided into three groups: 1 control group of cows was treated by the traditional farming method, namely, the following preparations were injected intracisternally into the affected udder after milking: primalact, sinulox or dienomast once for 3-5 days. In the 2nd experimental group, a complex treatment was used using tylosin (10 ml) and trypsin (10 mg) intramuscularly 1 time / day for three days and intracisternally mastiet forte or dienomast according to the instructions for 3 days. Cows of the 3rd experimental group were injected intramuscularly with tylosin (10 ml) and trypsin (10 mg), previously diluted with a solution of tylosin. The results of the experiment are presented in table 3.

The condition of the animals was monitored daily and a kenotest was periodically performed to evaluate milk. The antibiotic in milk was determined using tests. The results showed that the treatment period with the new regimen did not change significantly, but tests for the presence of antibiotic in milk in the post-treatment period showed that with the use of the new mastitis treatment regimen in cows, the time to remove the antibiotic from milk was significantly reduced. Significant differences were observed between 3 experimental and 1 control groups, where the timing of the elimination of the antibiotic with milk was 46% lower (p<0.05). Thus, the intramuscular use of the antibiotic in combination with trypsin has a significant effect on the duration of the antibiotic in the milk of cows in the treatment of mastitis, which will serve as a continuation of the study of this mechanism in future work.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed method for the treatment of mastitis in lactating cows will increase the effectiveness of the treatment of mastitis in cows while reducing the dose of antibiotics used, the duration of treatment and faster removal of antibiotics from the body of animals.

Claims (1)

A method for the treatment of mastitis in lactating cows, including intramuscular administration of an antibiotic to animals, characterized in that tylosin is administered at a dose of 10 ml and crystalline trypsin diluted with tylosin solution at a dose of 0.02-0.03 mg per 1 kg of live weight daily for 3 -5 days.