RU2800677C2 - Method of moving and processing mechanical mixtures using a multifunctional vortex technological complex (mvtc) with vortex effect of the confuser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: movemen; processing of mechanical mixtures.

SUBSTANCE: method for moving and processing mechanical mixtures using a multifunctional vortex technological complex (MVTC) with vortex effect of the confuser comprises the air from the supercharger tangentially entering the swirler of the vortex tube of the main technological line, including at least one separator-confuser, of at least one technological line, consisting of technological stages of vortex equipment, at least one including swirlers, confuser separators, overpasses, storage tanks, with the use of which mechanical mixtures are processed using the vortex effect of the confuser due to the use of the modularity of vortex equipment, its invariance in quantity and sequence of location; cleaning, peeling of grain, enrichment of useful materials, separation, movement and accumulation of products of processing of the mechanical mixture in the required concentration of the included components in it and their separation into specific materials and semi-finished products used in practical activities are carried out; transportation of these materials and semi-finished products the places of packaging for further sale or environmentally safe disposal.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of technological processes for processing of mechanical mixtures using vortex flows with vortex effect of the confuser.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The method is intended for moving and processing mechanical mixtures using a multifunctional vortex technological complex - MVTK, using the vortex effect of the confuser. The processing of mechanical mixtures here means a wide range of technological operations performed on mechanical mixtures: from moving, peeling and separating grain material to cleaning, calibrating, sorting mineral ores.

The closest, on the topic of the invention, information is published in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2302899 in Bull. No. 20, 07/20/2007, about the "Vortex huller of grain materials", performing technological operations: peeling; peeling; collapse; polishing; awn removal.

The patent describes the operation of a grain vortex huller as follows. When compressed air enters from the compressor into the tangential nozzle of the vortex ejector, the movement of the air flow occurs along the axis of this ejector in a spiral, due to which, a low pressure area is formed on its axis. As a result, the grain is sucked out of the feeder and enters the rarefaction area. Due to the inequality of pressures outside the grain, equal to the pressure in the vortex ejector, and under the grain shell, the shell breaks. The final separation of the grain core and the film is completed in the chamber of the cyclone apparatus, into which the flow of a mixture of grain and air enters. The core flies into the bunker, and the husk is carried away by the air flow through the outlet into the mesh bag, which, like a filter, retains the husk and passes air through it. In order for the grain mass to flow more intensively from the feeder tray to the tangential nozzle of the vortex ejector, a bearing with a protective cover against dust and a guide rod are mounted.

The disadvantages include the presence of a feeder and a diaphragm, which, by definition, is a disconnecting element, and is built into the wall separating the swirler and feeder. This approach leads to an additional technological operation - loading the feeder and means in real execution that not a vacuum is supplied to the "stand of the mechanical mixture", but, "as if, a shoulder of the mechanical mixture" is supplied to the discharge. The mixture, after it is loaded into the feeder, moves along an inclined tray, is accelerated by a device consisting of a rod and a bearing, and, only then, is captured by the vacuum that has formed in the ejector and enters the swirler through the diaphragm.

The proposed method has the following differences. The proposed design uses not a diaphragm and a feeder, but a flexible overpass that supplies vacuum from the swirler directly to the shoulder of the mechanical mixture, like a hose for a vacuum cleaner, which improves the technical result in improving the contact of the working body with the mass of the mixture to be processed, makes the spatial placement of the equipment much more comfortable production process as a whole. The diffuser, cyclone, bearing and guide rod are excluded from the equipment. After the process of swirling the mixture, in which the shell breaks from the grain core at the same time, the swirling flow is directed not into the diffuser, but into the vortex tube of the device, then into the vortex separator-confuser, where there is an intensive, further separation of the shell from the core. Instead of a bulky cyclone apparatus and a mesh bag, separators-confusers are used, in which grain nuclei are separated, as denser particles, from the husk, unseparated particles from impurities, then, useful material, commercial grain, cereals, husks and waste are collected in adapted for them drives. For deep cleaning, for example, the separation of unhealthy grains, several separation stages can be used without interrupting the technological process, which makes it possible to use the vortex effect of the confuser.

The proposed present method of processing mechanical mixtures is a practical application of the physical process described in the invention of the authors: Kuznetsov V.I., Sharikov O.A., Sharikov M.O., patent for invention No. 2475310 publ. 20.02.2013, Bull. No. 5. "Method of separating mechanical mixtures based on the use of the properties of a vortex flow and the use of a vortex separator-confuser" [2]. The use of the vortex effect of the confuser allows you to widely control the vortex technological process, namely: to form a vortex flow from a moving mechanical mixture, change its direction, use it in technological operations for moving, complex processing of mixtures, straighten the vortex flow and form it again. The vortex effect of the confuser creates the necessary technical conditions for a continuous technological process in the processing of mechanical mixtures. The proposed, the present invention illustrates these broad possibilities.

The most urgent task of increasing the efficiency of technological processes for processing mechanical mixtures using vortex flows is as follows: to use the energy once imparted to the vortex flow as efficiently as possible. In order to implement the task, a present method for moving and processing mechanical mixtures using the vortex effect of the confuser is proposed.

Disclosure of the invention.

The invention itself, in general, is based on two innovations.

The first innovation - the vortex flow is used to move and process mechanical mixtures using a multifunctional vortex technological complex - MVTK using the vortex effect of the confuser. The essence of this effect lies in the fact that when a swirling flow of a mechanical mixture of substances moves in the working zone of the separator-confuser, in the confuser, an oncoming vortex is formed from the particles of the peripheral layer of the main swirling flow of the processed mechanical mixture, which is illustrated in Fig. 1 “Principal scheme of the formation of a counter vortex. The vortex effect of the confuser.

The second innovation is the creation of a modular multifunctional technological complex (MVTK) as a whole - as a variant of a reconfigured production system (RPS) [3]. Today, automation of production processes in the processing industries is carried out along the path of their aggregation or combination. In order to increase productivity, the power of technological equipment is increased, which inevitably leads to an increase in its dimensions, the management of technological operations, both main and auxiliary, is automated, which in turn complicates the equipment, increases the cost of its design, manufacture and operation. The proposed invention uses a modular way of developing technological equipment for processing industries, as a variant of reconfigured production systems (RPS). This is possible and necessary on the basis of the new elemental base of vortex equipment using the “confuser vortex effect”.

The difference of the proposed method of processing the mechanical mixture lies in the purposeful creation and provision of physical and organizational and technical conditions for the continuity of the technological process.

The difference of the proposed method of processing the mechanical mixture is that the modularity of the equipment is used as the basis for the continuity of the technological process, which is the most important condition for the efficiency of the production process as a whole.

The difference of the proposed method of processing a mechanical mixture is the use of modules with an adjustable angle of inclination of the generatrix of the separator-confuser, to increase the versatility, versatility of the MWTC, as well as the quality of the processing of mixtures.

The difference of the proposed method of processing a mechanical mixture is that in the process of processing a vortex separator-confuser is used, which uses the vortex effect of the confuser when separating the cores of material particles from impurities or husks.

The difference of the proposed method for moving and processing a mechanical mixture is that in the process of moving the mixture, feeding it to the technological processing operations in a continuous process, a vortex flow is used.

Descriptions of the functioning of the schematic diagrams of the invention. Fig. 1. "Principal scheme of the formation of a counter vortex in the process of the confuser vortex effect".

The air from the supercharger is supplied to the tangential swirler, where a vortex flow is formed, with axial and peripheral layers [1]. In the axial layers, the necessary rarefaction is created, where the processed mechanical mixture is sucked in, which, together with the swirling flow, enters the separator-confuser through the vortex tube, in which the desired component is separated from the mixture of particles. In the process of flow movement, near the inclined wall of the confuser, the particles of the peripheral layer, in which the speed is parallel to the generatrix of the confuser, are decelerated, a ring of “inhibited” particles is formed.

In the space of the confuser, formed by the rear wall of the confuser in its larger base, the side wall, the moving vortex flow and the ring of retarded particles of the peripheral layer, an area of the external environment is formed, the zone "F", in which the pressure "P ¹ ". This pressure is due to the design solution for the implementation of this physical process. It is less than the pressure received by the flow in the swirler from the blower, "P". At the beginning of the process, it is equal to atmospheric pressure or ambient pressure, because connected to it through a channel. Area "F" - this area of space is not part of the vortex flow, but only the medium, the region of space in which the vortex flow moves. Due to this pressure difference, a pressure difference is formed , under the influence of which the formation and further movement of the oncoming vortex occurs along the expanding wall of the confuser to the hole "A" in it for the bypass overpass. Under the influence of the emerging pressure drop, the retarded particles change their direction of movement to the direction opposite to the main vortex, and, through the outlet hole "A", they enter the accumulator of isolated particles along the overpass, and the rest of the mixture moves through the axial hole in the smaller base of the separator-confuser for further technological operations or via an overpass to the next technological link.

The physical process "vortex effect of the confuser" is manifested in the fact that when a swirling flow of a mechanical mixture of substances moves in the working zone of the separator-confuser, a counter vortex is formed from the particles of the peripheral layer, the densest particles of the flow [2].

Fig. 2. "Principal diagram "Method of movement and processing of mechanical mixtures using a multifunctional vortex technological complex - MVTK".

Compressed air from the supercharger is supplied tangentially to the swirler (2) of the vortex tube of the first separator-confuser (13) of the main production line. In the swirler (2), the air swirls, and axial and peripheral layers are formed in the flow. Near the axis, a vacuum is formed, which is supplied through the fitting (1), along the flexible overpass to the shoulder of the mechanical mixture, which is drawn into the overpass and moves into the swirler. The mixture entering the swirler is captured by the swirling air flow and together with it moves along the vortex tube to the first separator-confuser (13) of the main production line. In the separator-confuser (13), the most dense particles of the mixture under the action of centrifugal forces move further from the center, towards the wall of the confuser, and less dense particles, on the contrary, are grouped near the axis of rotation of the swirling flow. Thus, axial and peripheral layers of the flow are formed in the separator-confuser [1]. With further advancement of the flow along the axis of the separator-confuser, when it touches the inclined wall of the confuser, a counter-vortex is formed from the particles of the peripheral layer. The counter vortex moves in the direction from the smaller base towards the larger base of the confuser. On the way of its movement, the vortex encounters an overpass opening in the separator-confuser wall and moves along the overpass to the swirler (11) of the first confuser (9) of the first technological line of the first confuser separator (13) of the main production line. In the swirler (11), the tangential flow that has arrived is swirled again, where axial and peripheral layers are formed in it, then it moves to the separator-confuser (9). A counter vortex is formed from the peripheral layers, which moves along the overpass to the storage of processed products (12).

The swirling axial flow from the previous confuser separator (13) that has entered the second in motion separator-confuser (7), the second stage of the main production line, has axial and peripheral layers. When moving forward, the peripheral layers, touching the inclined wall of the separator-confuser (7), form an oncoming vortex, which enters the swirler (3) of the first separator-confuser (5) of the first technological line of the second separator-confuser of the main technological line through the overpass (6) , in which it twists again. From the swirler (3), the moving layers in the form of a swirling flow move into the confuser separator (5). A counter vortex is separated from the peripheral layers, which moves along the overpass to the product accumulator (4), and the axial layers through the axial hole in the smaller base of the separator-confuser (5) move to the waste accumulator. The remaining part of the flow, the axial layers of the separator-confuser (7) through the axial hole in the smaller base of the separator-confuser move into the waste accumulator (8).

The rest of the flow, the axial and peripheral layers in the confuser separator (9) move through the axial hole in the confuser into the second confuser separator (10) of the first technological line. From the densest particles of the peripheral layers, an oncoming vortex is separated, which moves along the overpass into the product accumulator (12), and the remaining part and the axial layers through the axial hole in the smaller base of the separator-confuser move to the waste accumulator or to the next technological link.

fig. 3. "Principal diagram of the process of grain peeling, purification, enrichment of particles of mixture materials in a vortex flow."

The process of separating the grain shell or film of particles of the mixture components used in the implementation of the proposed method is illustrated in Fig. 3. "Principal diagram of the process of grain peeling, purification, enrichment of particles of mixture materials in a vortex flow" is carried out in the module "Vortex tube of the swirler of the first separator-confuser of the main technological line".

When compressed air is supplied from the supercharger to the tangential nozzle of the swirler (2) of the first separator-confuser of the main production line (13), the air flow moves along the axis of the swirler, in a spiral, due to which a low-pressure area is formed on the axis of the swirler, into which the mixture , the grain to be processed is drawn along the overpass (1). Due to the inequality of pressures outside an individual grain, equal to the pressure in the vortex tube of the swirler, with the pressure under the grain shell, or particle film, the shell breaks. In the vortex tube of the swirler, under the action of centrifugal forces, the separation of grain nuclei, particle nuclei as the densest fractions of grains and particles of materials from the shell and film is carried out, axial and peripheral layers of the vortex flow are formed. The kernels of grains, husks, the kernels of particles of processed materials, the torn shell, all together enter the separator-confuser (13) of the main production line, in which a counter vortex flow is formed. The cores of grains, the cores of particles of materials, as the most dense, are separated into a counter vortex flow, are diverted along the overpass to the storage of finished products or to the next technological link.

The principle of rupture of the shell of grain materials, due to the pressure difference, is used in the enrichment of materials and mineral ores. Mineral ore is a mechanical mixture of particles of useful materials and particles of impurities stuck together with them, between which there are particles of air. Micro and macro volumes of air, with the corresponding rarefaction of the environment, are a factor in the separation of impurity particles from the core of useful material particles.

Fig. No. 4. "Principal diagram of the process of moving the mixture by a multifunctional vortex technological complex".

The proposed method for only moving the mixture is illustrated by the diagram in Fig No. 4. "Principal diagram of the process of moving the mixture by a multifunctional vortex technological complex."

Air from the supercharger is supplied to the tangential swirler (2), where a vortex flow is formed, with axial and peripheral layers, a vacuum is formed along the axis of the swirler, in which the transported mixture is involved through the overpass (41).

The movement of materials can be carried out using the MVTK without separation modules, i.e., confusers - separators, directly from the swirler through the vortex tube (15), then, the hose, with a vortex flow rectifier (16) put on it, if necessary , into the storage container for the transported mixture (17). The vortex flow rectifier may be a profile branch pipe with a polygonal, 4-6-angle, section.

The advantage of using MVTK for moving mechanical mixtures is that the moving mixture drawn into the overpasses does not enter the internal cavities of the suction devices, does not touch the surfaces of their moving parts, does not expose these devices to premature wear or failure, which is objectively present in the usual, suction pneumatic conveying equipment.

Fig. 5. "Principal diagram of a device for adjusting the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the side wall of the separator - confuser".

The process of separation of particles directly depends on the physical and aerodynamic properties of the particles of processed materials, on the parameters of the vortex flow, the design characteristics of the separator - confuser, in particular, on the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the side wall of the confuser. To increase the versatility of the MVTK, as well as the quality of the processing of mixtures, modules with an adjustable angle of inclination of the generatrix of the side wall of the separator - confuser are used.

A variant of manufacturing a separator-confuser module with an adjustable angle of inclination of the confuser wall is shown in Fig. 5.

"Schematic diagram of a device for adjusting the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the side wall of the separator-confuser".

The separator-confuser has a section of the shell of the side wall along the axis of the cone. A detachable overlap connection of both halves of the cone shell is made along the cut line. At the larger base of the cone and at the bottom, bushings (24) are fixed for the passage of the threaded hinge pins. On the one hand, the fingers are fixed with lock nuts (21), on the other hand, with movable nuts and lock nuts (20). Extension and vice versa contraction of the halves of the shell is done by tightening the movable nuts (27). To prevent jamming in the angle adjustment mechanism, a movable hinge (22) is used.

The performance and quality of technological operations of the MVTK for the movement and processing of materials can additionally be regulated by the supplied compressed air flow, the pressure at the inlet to the tangential swirler nozzle of the main production line. The implementation of the method. The "Method for moving and processing mechanical mixtures using a multifunctional vortex technological complex - MVTK, using the vortex effect of the confuser" is being implemented in the manufacture of the proposed technological scheme. Injection equipment is standard, overpasses, control and measuring equipment is standard, storage tanks are all standard. New design and technological solutions in the method are: the end cap of the vortex tube of the swirler with an eccentrically located hole for connecting a flexible overpass; supply directly to the shoulder, the processed mechanical mixture, like a vacuum cleaner, the maximum discharge formed in the vortex tube of the swirler; a new type of separator - confuser, the principle of operation of which is based on the use of the vortex effect of the confuser; device for adjusting the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the side wall of the confuser, sealed overpasses for collecting waste and exhaust air. There are no moving parts in the complex, as such, all technological links have a simple design, are technologically advanced in manufacturing, and are reliable in operation. Implementation of the proposed solutions is possible in every mechanical workshop. Currently, a working laboratory model has been made.

The method is intended for moving and processing mechanical mixtures using a multifunctional vortex technological complex - MVTK, using the vortex effect of the confuser. The processing of mechanical mixtures here means an unlimited range of technological operations performed on mechanical mixtures. The method will find the widest application in many industries and areas of economic activity of society.

The proposed method has no sources of information about analogues in world practice.

Description of drawings.

Fig. 1. “Principal scheme of the formation of a counter vortex. The vortex effect of the confuser.»

01. The densest peripheral, swirling flow layers

02. Counter vortex flow.

03. Swirl tube swirler.

04. Main vortex flow.

05. Axial layers of the main vortex flow.

06. Peripheral layers of the main vortex flow.

07. Confuser wall

Fig. 2. Principal diagram "Method of movement and processing of mechanical mixtures using a multifunctional vortex technological complex - MVTK".

1 - fitting of a flexible overpass, for supplying vacuum to the mixture shoulder.

2 - swirler of the first separator - confuser of the main production line.

3 - swirler of the first separator - confuser of the first technological line.

4 - storage of technological conversions and finished products.

5 - the first separator - confuser of the first technological line of the second separator - confuser of the main technological line

6. - overpass to the first separator - confuser of the first technological line;

7. - the second separator confuser of the main technological line;

8.- waste accumulator of the main technological line:

9.- the first separator - confuser of the first technological line;

10.- second separator - confuser of the first technological line;

11. - swirler of the first confuser of the first technological line;

12. - storage of processed products;

13 - the first separator - confuser of the main production line.

14 - mechanism for adjusting the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the side wall of the first separator - confuser of the main production line;

Fig. 3. "Principal diagram of the process of grain peeling, crushing, purification of particles of mixture materials in a vortex flow."

31. The kernel of a grain or an indivisible fraction of a particle of a mixture.

32. The lower half of the grain or particle shell.

33. Line connecting the parts of the shell of a grain or particle.

34. The upper half of the grain or particle shell.

fig. 4. "Principal diagram of the process of moving the mixture by a multifunctional vortex technological complex."

2. Swirler of the first separator - confuser of the main production line.

15. Vortex tube of the module for moving mixtures.

16. Vortex rectifier.

17. Capacity - storage of the displaced mixture.

41. Overpass

Fig.5 "Schematic diagram of the angle adjustment mechanism

slope of the generatrix of the side wall of the separator - confuser".

42. Hinge pin - retainer

20. Locknut.

21. Nut - retainer

22. Hinge.

23. Overlay

24. Sleeve.

25. Loop.

26. Transition line

27. Movable nut.

Bibliographic list

1. Kuznetsov V.I. "Theory and calculation of the Ranque effect". Scientific publication./ V.I. Kuznetsov. - Omsk: Publishing house. OMGTU, 1994. - 217 p.

2. Pat. 2475310 RF, Method for separating mechanical mixtures based on the use of the properties of a vortex flow and the use of a vortex separator - confuser / V.I. Kuznetsov, O.A. Sharikov, M.O. Sharikov; authors: Viktor Ivanovich Kuznetsov (RU), Oleg Alekseevich Sharikov (RU), Marat Olegovich Sharikov (RU); patent holders: Viktor Ivanovich Kuznetsov (RU), Oleg Alekseevich Sharikov (RU), Marat Olegovich Sharikov (RU); -No. 2010131618/05; dec. 07/27/2010; publ. 20.02.2013, Bull. No. 5.

3. Grigorenko O.V., Kovalevsky S.V. "Theoretical foundations for the creation of reconfigurable production systems" / Scientific Bulletin of the DSEA, UDC 621.91. 002 No. 2 (8E), 2011 Page 233-237.

4. Kuznetsov V.I., Sharikov O.A. Some proposals for the variant of the differential equation of the physical process "vortex effect of the confuser" // Omsk Scientific Bulletin. 2015. No. 1 (137). pp. 33-37.

Claims (3)

1. The method of moving and processing mechanical mixtures using a multifunctional vortex technological complex - MVTK using the vortex effect of the confuser, which consists in the fact that in order to ensure the continuity of the production process in technological operations, the complex performs a multi-stage multifunctional processing of the mixture, while air from the supercharger enters the tangential swirler of the vortex tube of the main process line, including at least one separator-confuser, at least one process line, containing at least one separator-confuser with a swirler; moreover, in the swirler of the main technological line, a vortex flow is formed with an axial rarefaction sufficient to involve the mass of the mechanical mixture to be processed along the flexible overpass, while a mixed vortex flow is formed in which, under the action of centrifugal and gravitational forces, axial and peripheral layers are formed, then a mixed vortex the flow enters the first separator-confuser of the main production line, in which a vortex counter to the incoming flow is formed from the particles of the peripheral layer, which moves along the side wall of the separator-confuser towards its larger base, into the hole in the wall of the separator-confuser for a bypass overpass of the flow into the swirler of the first separator-confuser of the first technological line of the first separator-confuser of the main technological line, moreover, a vortex flow with axial and peripheral layers is formed in the swirler, which moves into the second separator-confuser of the first technological line of the main technological line along the flow direction, the flow forms a new vortex flow , counter to the incoming one, and the counter vortex flow moves along the side wall of the separator-confuser, then into the hole in the wall to remove the separated most dense particles of the peripheral layer along the overpass to the accumulator of the second separation stage, while the remaining part of the vortex flow that enters through the axial hole from of the first separator-confuser of the main technological line in the second separator-confuser in the direction of the flow - the second stage of processing the mixture, continues the vortex movement in the separator, there are axial and peripheral layers in the flow, the flow moves into the axial hole of the smaller base and simultaneously in the process of moving a particle of the peripheral layers form a new vortex flow opposite to the flow entering the confuser separator, the counter vortex flow moves along the side wall of the second confuser separator of the main production line, then the flow swirls in the swirler, simultaneously moves towards the smaller base of the confuser separator, and from the particles of the peripheral layer of the flow at the same time, a new vortex flow is formed opposite to the one that entered the first separator-confuser of the first technological line of the second separator-confuser of the main technological line, which moves along the side wall into the hole in the wall, then into the accumulator of the stage, finished products or through the overpass to the next technological link, and the remaining part of the vortex flow coming from the first separator-confuser of the main production line to the second separator-confuser moves into the axial hole of the smaller base of the second separator-confuser, then into the waste accumulator or into the next technological link, while it is possible to adjust the angle of inclination of the side wall of the separators - confusers. 2. The method of moving and processing mechanical mixtures according to claim 1, characterized in that the vacuum formed in the vortex tube of the swirler through an eccentric hole in the cover of the vortex tube of the swirler of the main technological line is supplied to the mass of the mixture to be moved or processed using a flexible overpass, and involved into the flow, the mixture simultaneously with the formation of a mixed vortex flow, moving along the overpasses and technological links, moves in the technological process. 3. The method of moving and processing mechanical mixtures according to claim 1, characterized in that a mixed vortex flow is formed, moving along the swirler axis of the main production line into a vortex tube, in which, under the action of centrifugal forces and gravitational forces, an axial and peripheral layer is formed, while due to the inequality of pressure outside the particle of the mixture of the flow, equal to the pressure in the vortex tube of the swirler, and the pressure under the shell, film, film of the particle, the shell breaks, then in the vortex tube under the action of centrifugal forces and gravitational forces, the core of the particles of processed materials, as more dense fractions of particles are separated from the shell and film, at the same time a mixed vortex flow is formed with axial and peripheral layers, the formed mixed vortex flow moves to the first separator-confuser of the main production line, in the separator-confuser from the particles of the peripheral layer, a vortex flow is formed, counter to the incoming flow, moreover, the counter vortex flow moves along the side wall of the first separator-confuser of the main production line towards its larger base, into the opening of the bypass overpass in the wall of the separator-confuser for separated particles of processing of the mixed flow section, semi-finished products or the overpass for moving to the next technological link, while the remaining part of the incoming flow into the first separator-confuser of the main production line moves into the axial hole of the smaller base of the separator-confuser, then it moves through overpasses to the storage of finished products, waste or to the next technological link.

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