RU2475310C2 - Method of separating mechanical mixes by swirling flow and application of swirling separator-confuser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to separation of mechanical mixes. Proposed method comprises feeding the mix from vessel into nozzle channel at constant full pressure via nozzle arranged tangentially to swirling tube to make swirled flow to be forced via swirling tube into swirling separator-confuser whereat mechanical mix occurs in synchronous interaction of components of said separator-confuser. High-density particles of components are forced by centrifugal forces to peripheral layers of swirled flow. In contact with confuser inclined walls, said particles are decelerated and, at pressure difference in separator-confuser, reverse their axial motion to displace toward confuser larger base and to create swirled cross-flow to be discharged in confuser-separator discharge channel. Lower-density particles are located in flow axial layers and are discharged into separator-confuser central axial outlet.

EFFECT: reliability, efficiency, simplified design.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention is one of the methods intended for the separation of mechanical mixtures containing particles of various components with different mass indices, using the properties of the vortex flow and implemented in the described new device. Vortex methods of processing materials are widely known today, for example, vortex separators shown in the monograph (A. Merkulov, “Vortex effect and its application in technology”, Samara, 1997). The property of vortex flows is known to separate and form under the action of centrifugal forces, pressure forces, gravitational forces, peripheral layers from denser particles of the flow, and axial layers from less dense particles (V. Kuznetsov, “Theory and calculation of the Rank effect” Omsk, OMGTU Publishing House, 1994; 217 p.). There are design solutions for controlling and separating flows of mechanical mixtures. For example, the invention to patent No. 2379121 "Vortex centrifugal separator". Application 2008148699/15, December 10, 2008. It speaks of a device that relates to designs of reciprocating direct-flow centrifugal separators associated with the separation of mechanical mixtures. The proposed separator contains a vertically arranged cylindrical body, in the upper part of which there is a tangential pipe for introducing the flow, an exhaust pipe for removing gas. The pipe, to remove the dispersed phase, is located in the lower part of the vertical housing. An internal cylinder is installed inside the vertical casing, equipped with hollow truncated cones fixed to its wall and inverse cones located with a gap to this wall. Reverse and hollow truncated cones are set alternating with each other. Slots are arranged above the fastening points of the hollow cones in the wall, arranged in a checkerboard pattern relative to the cracks above the adjacent hollow cone, and cut-offs are fixed on the outer surface of the wall with a gap to it above each slot. At the lower end of the inner cylinder there is an annular groove for collecting fluid with overflow pipes.

RF patent for the invention No. 2160636, Mcl. No. В02В 3/00, a device for peeling grain materials, including: a feeder for feeding grain, an air duct made in the form of a vortex tube connected to a feeder.

The disadvantages of the known methods and devices are: the relative complexity of the process on which the method is based, the uniqueness of the design and manufacture, the bulkiness of the equipment, the high cost.

It is known about a new version of the separator containing a vortex tube, one or more conical shells, coaxial with the vortex tube and in which the separation of the components of the separated mixtures takes place, as well as pipes for supplying raw materials and removal of processed products (RF patent for the invention No. 2326740, RU, C1 , IPC, B04C 3/00, "Separator", is registered in the State register of inventions of the Russian Federation on June 20, 2008).

Mechanical mixtures can be in a gaseous, liquid state, granular mixture of solid particles. Particles of components processed by mechanical mixtures, as a rule, differ in their mass, density, and size.

The objective of the present invention is to simplify the method of processing mechanical mixtures, simplify the design, reliability, efficiency in the application of the method and, directly, in the operation of the equipment.

The problem is solved by using the properties of the vortex flows of mechanical mixtures and creating, on this basis, a fundamentally new way of separating mechanical mixtures by forming swirling flows counter to the main flow, their removal, i.e. managing them in space.

Disclosure of the invention.

The proposed method for processing mechanical mixtures and the device in which it is implemented are designed to separate mechanical mixtures into component components, in accordance with the physical properties of the particles of the components.

The method involves the synchronous interaction of the elements of the device used to separate the mechanical mixtures into fractions and components, resulting from the fulfillment of the conditions of continuity of flow, geometric parameters and spatial arrangement of the elements in the proposed technological sequence. The device includes:

1. a tank of arbitrary geometric shape (cylinder, cube, ball, etc.), or discharge power equipment (pump, compressor, fan);

2 nozzle channel, with a speed-correcting nozzle;

3. vortex separator-confuser, which, in turn, contains: a conical shell, coaxial with the vortex tube, lapped with a large base on the output end of the cylindrical vortex tube or on the seat at the smaller base of the previous separator-confuser, a wall with a central axial hole , which is commensurate with the outer diameter of the vortex tube or the bore diameter of the previous separator-confuser, if there are several links, rigidly connected to the vortex tube (or the previous separator-confuser), horses shell, and covering a larger end of the conical shell;

4. swirl, diverse design. For example, a model of a nozzle pipe that accelerates the flow, connecting tangentially the capacity with the initial part of the vortex tube, is proposed;

5. vortex tube, the dimensions of which - the diameter and length are calculated in accordance with the dimensions of the container, swirler, taking into account the physical properties and condition of the processed mechanical mixture, in order to ensure the necessary parameters: continuity, pressure, flow and swirl of the vortex flow of the processed mixture;

6. branch channels, separately:

one side - for components with particles denser, which is rigidly connected to the side of the conical shell of the vortex separator-confuser through an opening in it,

7. Another central outlet channel - for components with particles less dense, rigidly connected to the conical shell near the central hole in the smaller base of the vortex separator-confuser.

The device operates as follows. At the corresponding full pressure in the container (item 1), the mixture enters the nozzle channel. In the tank, the volume of the mixture is constantly replenished, while maintaining the initial full pressure. The main requirement is compliance with the principle of continuity of flow. The flow in the nozzle channel (pos. 2) is accelerated to the required speed and enters the swirl (pos. 4). When the mixture flows through the swirl, a vortex flow forms. The swirling flow moves through the vortex tube (pos. 5) and enters the vortex separator-confuser (pos. 3), in which particles are separated and removed in accordance with their physical and aerodynamic properties. Particles of high density components are located in the peripheral layers of the swirling flow. When you touch the inclined wall of the confuser, they are braked.

Then, pressed by centrifugal forces to the inner side of the conical shell, under the influence of a differential pressure, they change the direction of their axial motion in the opposite direction, advance to the larger base of the confuser and, through the side opening in the conical shell, enter the channel for removing dense particles of the separator-confuser (at several separators confusers in the channel number 1, 2, j-th (pos.6)). Less dense particles are located near the axis and continue to move in the technological process along the central axial allotment of processed products (item 7).

A description of the interaction of the incoming nodes and parts is supplemented by the “Schematic flow diagram of the separation of mechanical mixtures based on the use of the properties of the vortex flow and the use of the vortex separator-confuser”, FIG.

Used in the description of the method and in the designation scheme.

1 - Capacity, arbitrary shape.

2 - Nozzle channel, with a speed-correcting nozzle.

3 - Vortex separator-confuser.

4 - Swirl.

5 - Cylindrical vortex tube.

6 - The outlet channel of the dense particles of the components of the confuser mixture.

7 - Central axial removal of particles of components that are less dense.

The implementation of the method. The implementation of the method consists in the manufacture of the proposed technological scheme and device. Capacity, power equipment are typical, overpasses, instrumentation are standard. It is possible to use standard pumps, compressors, fans, etc. as a container and a supercharger. New details in the method are the tangential correcting nozzle, the vortex separator-confuser, the manufacture of which is possible in each workshop. The vortex separator-confuser itself is an improved model of the “Separator” described in the patent for invention No. 2323340, RU, C1, IPC, B04C 3/00, “Separator”, and is implemented in existing laboratory samples. A device using the proposed method for processing mechanical mixtures does not contain rotating mechanical parts; it involves small dimensions, low energy consumption, simplicity and reliability in operation. The method and device can find effective application in almost all sectors of the economy: oil refining and oil production, grain processing, water treatment, etc.

Claims (5)

1. The separation device of the mechanical mixture, including:
a tank of arbitrary shape containing a constantly replenished volume of the mechanical mixture to be processed;
the nozzle channel located tangentially to the vortex tube,
swirler
cylindrical vortex tube;
vortex separator-confuser, which includes:
- conical shell, coaxial with the vortex tube, connected rigidly, lap-shaped, with an end face of a larger diameter with the output end of the body of the vortex tube using the wall;
- a wall covering the greater end of the shell, having a central axial hole comparable with the outer diameter of the outlet end of the vortex tube,
- the outlet side hole in the conical shell for particles of the densest or heaviest components of the processed mixture, and for the remaining part of the mixture components, the outlet is the central outlet, which is located in the smaller end of the conical shell on the same axis as the vortex tube;
drain channel of dense particles of the components of the confuser mixture;
central axial removal of less dense particles of the mixture components. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hole designed to output the most dense particles of the component included in the mixture is made in the wall covering the end face of the larger diameter of the conical shell. 3. The device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it contains additional conical shells with 1, 2, ..., j taps that are connected together in series, overlapping in such a way that each large end face of the subsequent conical shell is closed by a wall with axial hole, the diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the seat of the previous conical shell. 4. The device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a pump or other supercharger is used as the storage tank of the mechanical mixture, supplying the mechanical mixture to be processed with excess pressure in the stream. 5. The vortex method of separation of the mechanical mixture using the mechanical separation device according to claim 1, in which the mechanical mixture is continuously fed from the tank into the nozzle channel while maintaining constant pressure therein, the mixture is passed through a nozzle located tangentially to the vortex tube, to form swirling flow, which then flows through the vortex tube into the vortex separator-confuser, in which, upon subsequent synchronous interaction of all elements of the vortex separator-confuser device, Depending on the continuity of the flow, the separation of the mechanical mixture occurs, while particles of components with high density under the action of centrifugal forces are located in the peripheral layers of the swirling flow, when the inclined wall of the confuser is touched, these particles are braked, pressed to the inside of the conical shell and, under the influence of the pressure drop in the separator-confuser change the direction of their axial movement in the opposite direction, advance to the larger base of the confuser, thereby creating an opposite scientist stream which is outputted to the discharge duct converger separator, and particles with lower density are arranged in the axial flow layers which are outputted to the central axial retraction of the separator-converger.

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