RU208117U1 - Cyclone - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to mechanical engineering, in particular, to devices for separating dispersed particles from a gas stream (cyclones), and can be used in feed, construction, mining and processing and other industries for dry dust removal of gases emitted into the atmosphere. The cyclone contains an inlet tangential branch pipe of rectangular section, a spiral volute, inside which an axial branch pipe is installed, a conical part of the body, an outlet branch pipe of reduced diameter. A conical vortex funnel is installed at the upper end of the axial branch pipe. A baffle cone is installed at the inlet to the axial branch pipe, forming an annular channel. The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of the separation of the dispersed phase from the air flow due to additional separation of dust at the outlet of the cyclone.

Description

The utility model relates to mechanical engineering, in particular, to devices for the separation of dispersed particles from a gas stream (cyclones), and can be used in feed, construction, mining, chemical, metallurgical, energy and other industries for dry cleaning of dust emitted gases into the atmosphere.

In the existing technology for the production of mixed fodders, the efficiency of dust collection affects not only environmental pollution and the creation of explosive situations, but also the efficiency of using the resource of feed grain.

Known cyclone device described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 129848, class. В04С 3/06, containing a tangential inlet pipe, a cylindrical-conical body, a replaceable tape spiral with a variable pitch, a dust-collecting hopper, a screw cap and a discharge pipe. The dust-gas mixture enters the cyclone body at high speed, swirling in it, and then enters its conical part along a tape spiral with a variable pitch.

The disadvantage of this device is a large hydraulic resistance, as well as the entrainment of fine dust into the outlet pipe.

The problem of entrainment into the exhaust pipe is solved by the filter cyclones. The known device according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2638969 class. В04С 9/00, containing a cylindrical-conical body, a connection for dust removal, an exhaust pipe, a gas flow connection, a cover, a set of filters, a flange, elastic elements and a vibrator.

The contaminated dust and gas flow is fed through the nozzle into the cylindrical part of the body, where the flow moves spiral downward. Having reached the bottom, the flow loses its speed and changes direction, which is why large and medium particles of dispersed dust phases fall out. Further, the gas moves along an ascending spiral and passing through the filter is cleaned of finely dispersed impurities and discharged into the atmosphere.

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the design, the need to replace the filter element, the installation of additional equipment (vibrator), as well as high hydraulic resistance.

A vortex mechanical filter of an industrial vacuum cleaner Alterra A-230 / KB (http: //www.prompyleos.rf/a-230-kb) installed in a cylindrical tank with a tangential inlet and a conical funnel in front of the outlet pipe is adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this device can be attributed to the simultaneous use of a cylindrical container as a body of an inertial dust separator and a storage hopper, which leads to the appearance of secondary vortices, the capture of dust particles and removal from the separator.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of separating the dispersed phase from the air flow due to additional separation of dust at the exit from the cyclone.

For this purpose, a baffle cone and a vortex conical funnel are installed in the axial branch pipe in the claimed cyclone, which form an additional separation chamber. Thus, an annular channel is formed through which the descending flow is drawn into this separation chamber. Subsequently, due to the action of centrifugal forces, the finely dispersed medium is separated from the gas flow. And due to the conical vortex funnel, in the upper part, which has a larger diameter, and in the lower part, it is smaller than the outlet pipe, it prevents fine fractions from entering the atmosphere.

FIG. 1 A cyclone is presented.

FIG. 2 shows a section a-a.

FIG. 3. Typical arrangement of diameters is shown

The cyclone consists of an inlet tangential nozzle 1 of rectangular section, a spiral volute 2, inside which an axial nozzle 3 is installed, a conical part of the body 4, an outlet nozzle 5 in which the outlet diameter is greater than the diameter of most of the vortex funnel d ₁ ≤1.6d _out , and a smaller part on the contrary, it is less than the outlet pipe d ₂ ≤0.8d _out . A conical vortex funnel 6 is installed on the upper end of the axial nozzle 3. At the inlet to the axial nozzle, a baffle cone 7 is installed forming an annular channel. The area of the channel must be commensurate with, or greater than the area of the outlet 5 in which the diameter of the outlet is less than the diameter of the axial d _out ≤d _os .

The cyclone operates as follows.

The dust and gas flow enters through the inlet pipe 1 into the spiral scroll 2 due to the vacuum created in the outlet pipe 5, for example, by means of a fan (not shown in the drawing). In the spiral scroll 2, the dust and gas flow is twisted and directed into the conical part of the body 4. The rectangular section of the inlet pipe 1 and the annular channel formed by the axial pipe 3 and the inner wall of the spiral scroll 2 create a directed downward flow along the inner wall of the cyclone body surface. When the dust and gas flow swirls, a centrifugal force arises, under the action of which large dust particles move along a helical spiral in the radial direction downward and along the conical part of the housing 4 go into the discharge window 8.

Fine dust particles with an ascending gas flow rushes upward and meet the baffle cone 7. Moving along its generatrix, they fall into the annular channel between the axial nozzle 3 and the baffle cone 7. The conical vortex funnel 6 creates a low pressure area along the cyclone axis. This leads to a sharp change in the direction of the gas flow in the annular channel, and the dust particles, moving by inertia, touch the inner wall of the axial pipe 3 and fall out of the flow.

The conical vortex funnel 6 in its upper part has a larger and in the lower part it has a smaller diameter than the outlet 5. Thus, a vortex with a variable peripheral velocity is created in the funnel 6. Dust particles, carried away by the resulting vortex, rotate at a larger diameter than the outlet 5 and are not carried out of the cyclone under the action of centrifugal force. The cleaned gas flow exits through the outlet 5.

This solution eliminates the occurrence of secondary axial vortices that raise dust from the lower conical part of the cyclone and reduces the entrainment of fine dust into the outlet.

Claims (1)

A cyclone containing a cylindrical-conical body, a spiral volute with a tangential inlet and an axial outlet pipe, characterized in that a baffle cone is installed in the lower part of the axial pipe, forming an annular channel, an outlet pipe with a reduced diameter is fixed on the upper end of the axial pipe, in which d _out ≤ d _oc , a conical vortex funnel is installed under it, in the upper part it has a larger diameter and in the lower part it is smaller than the outlet pipe, in which d ₁ ≤1.6d _out and d ₂ ≤0.8d _out .

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