RU2386470C1 - Separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to devices for treatment of gas and liquid flows from dispersed particles. Separator comprises body with tangential channel of flow supply, cover with nozzle for treated flow discharge, conical bottom with nozzle for discharge of separated phase, separating element. Body, tangential channel of flow supply and separating element are arranged as a whole from sheet coiled into multi-turn spiral, and a clearance is provided between its turns. Sheet sweep has a complicated shape that includes rectangular part that changes into trapezoidal one, besides sheet sweep is coiled into spiral so that number of spiral turns reduces down to zero. Separating element is arranged along the whole length of body, at the same time its lower part is arranged in the bottom, inlet section of tangential channel is arranged along the whole length of body.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of both gas and liquid flow cleaning independently on speed of its entry into inlet channel, provision of flow entry speed reduction starting from 1 m/s, increased efficiency of flow cleaning from finely dispersed particles (1 mcm), reduced discharge losses, power inputs and metal intensity of device, provision of device sensitivity to separation of aerosol and steam-like phase from gas-liquid flow.

10 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for cleaning gas and liquid flows from dispersed particles.

Currently, there are many devices for cleaning flows in the field of centrifugal forces.

So, from the description of the patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation No. 71560, IPC: B01D 45/02 (2006.01), published March 20, 2008 known gas-liquid vortex-type separator containing a vertical cylindrical body, a top cover with an outlet pipe located on it, a bottom cover, in which there is a drain pipe, an inlet pipe connected to the housing in its upper part, a deflector, a separation device and at least one vertical plate.

In addition, a droplet eliminator is known comprising a cylindrical body with gas inlets and outlets located at opposite ends of the body, a nozzle for discharging separated liquid, a spiral separating element with liquid discharging windows located at transverse partitions with alternating central and peripheral openings, this separating element is made in the form of separate sections located between the partitions, the housing is installed with an inclination to the fitting (USSR copyright certificate No. 1526766, IPC 4: B01D 45/12, published December 7, 1989).

The closest analogue in design to the patented solution is a cyclone for dust gas purification, known from the description of the copyright certificate No. 997822 (IPC 3: B04C 5/103, published on 02.23.1983). The known device includes a multi-turn spiral-shaped casing, turning into a cylinder and containing a tangential inlet for gas, an axial dust outlet and an outlet pipe located along the axis of the casing for removing the cleaned flow, a screw-shaped bottom fixed between the coils of the spiral, and a gate. In this case, the body is made in the form of a three-stage spiral.

A disadvantage of the known solution is the formation of stagnant zones in the steps of the spiral housing, which contribute to the accumulation of dust in them.

A large role in the operation of devices designed to separate the flow in the field of centrifugal forces is played by the flow velocity in the inlet pipe, which determines the flow velocity inside the cyclone and in the outlet pipe, and this speed must be provided much more than the speed of the largest particles. With an increase in the flow rate at the inlet, the cyclone's efficiency increases, but to a certain limit, limited by the entrainment of particles. In this regard, the flow velocity in the inlet pipe rarely goes beyond 10-15 m / s.

Common disadvantages of such devices are the need to ensure high speeds of the cleaned stream at the inlet pipe, from 10 m / s, as well as the limited size limit of the captured particles is not lower than 5 microns.

The technical result of the patented solution is to increase the cleaning efficiency of both gas and liquid flow, regardless of the rate of its entry into the inlet channel, to reduce the rate of input of the stream from 1 m / s, as well as to increase the efficiency of cleaning the stream from fine particles (1 μm) , reducing pressure losses and energy consumption, reducing the metal consumption of the device. In addition, the sensitivity of the device to the separation of the aerosol and vapor phases from the gas-liquid stream is ensured.

The claimed technical result is achieved through the use of a separator, which contains a cylindrical body with a tangential channel for supplying a flow, a cover with a branch pipe for removing the purified stream, a conical bottom with a pipe for outputting the separated phase, a separating element, characterized in that the housing, a tangential channel for supplying a stream and separating the element is made in one piece from a sheet rolled into a spiral and form a multi-turn spiral shape, the sheet scan has a complex shape consisting of a rectangular the part that goes into the trapezoidal, and the scan plate is folded into a spiral so that the number of turns of the spiral decreases down to one, the separating element is located along the entire length of the housing, while its lower part is located in the bottom, the input section of the tangential channel is located along the entire length of the housing . The set of reflected features allows you to provide the declared result. Thus, the execution in one piece of a tangential channel passing into the housing, which, in turn, passes into the separating element with the formation of a multi-turn spiral with the formation of spiral channels between the turns, allows you to increase the flow velocity when it moves along the inter-turn channels of the separating element, and the flow velocity will increase as the flow moves to the central part of the spiral and will lead to the separation of a finer fraction from the stream in this direction. Thus, the larger the number of turns, the greater the flow rate and the finer the fraction will separate. Moreover, the orientation of the input section of the tangential channel along the length of the housing allows you to evenly distribute the contaminated stream, regardless of the initial flow rate.

Performing a sweep of the sheet from the rectangular and trapezoidal parts will make it possible to obtain a spiral element with a reduced number of turns to one, that is, the last, central, turn will also serve as an output channel for the cleaned stream, which then passes to the branch pipe of this stream.

This device can be used both for cleaning a gas stream from solid or aerosol particles, and for cleaning a liquid stream from solid inclusions, since when separating solid particles from a gas or liquid stream, solid particles will be concentrated due to the passage of the stream in the inter-turn channels near the walls of these channels, collide with the walls of these channels, fight off them and, under the influence of gravitational forces, fall into the conical bottom of the device.

When the aerosol component is separated from the gas stream, the flow rate also increases as it passes through the inter-turn channels, the liquid particles are concentrated along the walls of the spiral, coalesce and flow into a conical bottom in the form of a film.

A gap is formed between the turns of the folded sheet. The size of this gap between the turns of the separating element and between the turns and the inner surface of the conical bottom may be at least 5 mm. This will ensure a flow rate of 98 m / s, which will avoid entrainment of mechanical impurities and droplet liquid. To increase the contact surface and to ensure the separation of particles with a size of less than 2 μm, the sheet surface is made with fenders, which can be made, for example, in the form of vertical ribs, the cross section of which is a trapezoid, parallelogram, triangle, or any other geometric shape.

In addition, it is possible to increase the contact surface by corrugating the sheet or by performing the surface of the sheet forming the separating element, with slots, notches and cut-out parts bent upwards.

The number of turns of the folded sheet can be selected equal to 1.5-2.

Next, the design and operation of the separator is illustrated using the drawings, which depict the following:

Figure 1 shows a General view of the separator;

figure 2 is a section aa;

figure 3 is a scan of the separating element.

The separator comprises a housing 1, a tangential inlet channel 2, a separating element 3, a cover 4 with a pipe 5 for removal of the cleaned stream, a conical bottom 6 with a pipe 7 for outputting the separated phase. The pipe 5 of the outlet of the cleaned stream is connected to the Central coil 8 of the spiral. The separating element 3 is made in the form of a spirally bent plate. The plate, in this example, conditionally consists of two parts - rectangular and trapezoidal. In this example, the fender elements 9 are formed as a result of the corrugated sheet. In this case, the cross section of the fenders has the shape of a parallelogram.

The separator works as follows. The contaminated flow of liquid or gas through the tangential channel at a speed of 1 m / s is supplied to the separator and begins to move along the inter-turn channels. The flow, as it moves along the spiral channels, swirls and accelerates, and the solid particles contained in the stream, due to the rotation of the channels, concentrate near the channel walls, hit them and, under the force of gravity, settle into a conical bottom, from where they are discharged through the outlet pipe to a sludge collector or to a hopper for dust collection. At the same time, due to the acceleration of the flow to the central part of the spiral, different fractions of particles are deposited - the closer to the central part, the finer the separated fraction becomes. The purified upward flow moves up the central part of the separator and is discharged through the branch pipe 5.

Similarly to the above, liquid particles are separated from the gas stream. A gas stream containing an aerosol with a particle size of 1.0 μm or more was fed through a tangential channel to a separator. Passing through the inter-turn channels, the flow accelerated, liquid particles concentrated along the walls of the channels, coalesced, and flowed into a conical bottom in the form of a film. Moreover, the closer to the central part the flow turned out, the smaller particles were separated from it.

As the tests showed, at an initial flow rate of 1 m / s, the implementation of the method using the patented separator made it possible to isolate solid particles with a size of 1-3.2 μm, and an aerosol of 1.0-3.0 μm.

Thus, the operation of the proposed separator is different from the work of known devices for separating impurities. This difference lies in the fact that the separation of particles in known separators occurs due to centrifugal forces, while in the patented device - due to inertia forces. That is, all known separators can operate at initial flow velocities of 10 m / s, while for the effective operation of the patented device it is sufficient to provide an initial speed of 1 m / s.

Claims (10)

1. A separator comprising a housing with a tangential flow inlet channel, a cover with a purified flow outlet pipe, a conical bottom with a nozzle for outputting the separated phase, a separating element, characterized in that the housing, the tangential flow inlet channel and the separating element are made in one piece from a coiled into a multi-turn spiral of a sheet, between the turns of which a gap is formed, while the scan of the sheet has a complex shape consisting of a rectangular part turning into a trapezoid, and the scan of the sheet is folded into a spin so that the number of turns of the spiral downwards decreases to one, the separating element is located along the entire length of the body, while its lower part is located in the bottom, the inlet section of the tangential channel is located along the entire length of the body. 2. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the gap between the turns of the separating element and the gap between the turns and the inner surface of the conical bottom is at least 5 mm. 3. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the sheet is made with fender elements. 4. The separator according to claim 3, characterized in that the fenders are made in the form of vertical ribs. 5. The separator according to claim 4, characterized in that the cross section of the ribs is a trapezoid. 6. The separator according to claim 4, characterized in that the cross section of the ribs is a parallelogram. 7. The separator according to claim 4, characterized in that the cross section of the ribs is a triangle. 8. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheet is corrugated. 9. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the sheet forming the separating element is made with slots and parts bent upwards. 10. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of turns of the folded sheet is selected equal to 1.5-2.

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