RU207306U1 - Dust collector-classifier with conical body - Google Patents

Abstract

The dust collector-classifier with a conical body contains a body, an axial pipe for the inlet of a gas and dust flow, a screen, a receiving hopper and a purified gas outlet pipe, while rectangular slots are made in the lower part of the pipe, the screen is a transverse partition installed in an annular gap between the body and the pipe , equidistant radial holes are made in an even number in the transverse partition, in addition, the body has a variable cross-section, while the upper part of the body is made cylindrical to the place where the screen is installed, starting from the screen, the body expands to the bottom, connecting with the upper receiving part of the dust collection bin The technical result is a decrease in energy costs for the separation and separation of particles into fractions, high separation accuracy due to a lower gas flow rate from bottom to top, in addition, when they collide with the conical surface of the body, the particles of the heavy fraction bounce down, which increases the purity of the precipitate. my faction.

Description

The utility model relates to devices that are used for dry cleaning of gases from dust and the classification of captured particles into fractions. The device can be used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, food, construction and metallurgical industries.

Known air centrifugal classifier [see. patent RU 100434, В07В 7/083, 20.12.2010], containing an outer cylindrical-conical body with a funnel-shaped lid with an outlet located upward, a branch pipe for withdrawing a fine fraction together with an air flow located on the lid, and a branch pipe for withdrawing a large fraction located in the lower part of the body, the inner cylindrical-conical body with a weakly conical cover installed with the top upward with the formation of an annular slot with it, and a branch pipe for withdrawing a large fraction located in the lower part of the body, blades located evenly between the cylindrical sections of the outer and inner bodies and equipped with mechanisms of fixed rotation around horizontal axes, and a pipe for supplying raw material together with an air flow, located in the lower part of the outer casing.

The disadvantage is the low purity of the precipitated fraction, the use of vacuum to remove the purified gas stream and the low quality of separation.

Known dust collector-classifier [see. patent RU 195513, B01D 45/12, В07В 7/08, 01/30/2020], containing a body, an axial branch pipe for the inlet of a gas and dust flow into a swirl device, a purified gas outlet branch pipe, a screen in the form of a cylinder located under the swirl device, receiving bins for collecting dust. The gas and dust flow is supplied from the top of the dust collector through a swirling device, in which adjustable swirling vanes are located, which promote swirling of the gas and dust flow. The concave swirling blades fixed on the upper and lower discs of the swirling device are made movable with the possibility of rotation around a fixed axis. In the space between the body and the screen, after the gas-dust mixture leaves the swirling device and in front of the outlet pipe for the first fine dust fraction at the entrance to the receiving hopper, an annular expansion of the dust collector-classifier body is made.

The disadvantage of the analogue is that to create high values of centrifugal forces, therefore, the efficiency of separation and separation of particles into fractions, it is required to swirl the gas and dust flow using swirlers. In this case, the circumferential velocity of the gas and dust flow should be at least 12-17 m / s, respectively, under these conditions, the hydraulic resistance of the purification and separation devices sharply increases. Along with this, the energy costs for overcoming the resistances of the dust collector-classifier are growing.

The closest to the utility model in technical essence and the achieved result is a dust collector-classifier with coaxially located pipes [see. patent RU 201604, B01D 45/04, В04С 5/103, 23.12.2020], containing a housing, an axial pipe for the inlet of a gas-dust flow with its supply from above a dust collector, a screen, a receiving hopper for collecting dust and a purified gas outlet pipe, at the opposite end of the axial of the gas-dust flow inlet pipe, a conical bottom is installed for unloading bulk material, while rectangular slots are made in the lower part of the cylindrical pipe, the screen is a transverse partition installed in the annular space of the dust collector-classifier between the body and the axial pipe, equidistant radial holes are made in the transverse partition in an even number, and the rectangular slots are made opposite the platform located between the adjacent holes of the transverse baffle, while the baffle is located strictly above the rectangular slots, in addition, the purified gas outlet is in the upper part of the body, and the cross-section for gas passage all the way through of resistance remains unchanged, thereby ensuring equal flow of gas.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that insufficient purity of the precipitated fraction is ensured due to the partial entrainment of solid particles of the coarse fraction by the ascending flow.

The task of the utility model is the development of a dust collector-classifier with a conical body, in which the disadvantages of analogues and prototype are eliminated.

The technical result is to reduce energy costs for the process of separation and separation of particles into fractions in the dust collector-classifier due to the creation of many uniform vortices with small vortex radii in the cross section of the apparatus, which will allow creating high values of centrifugal forces at low velocities of the gas-dust flow, ensuring high clarity of separation due to the lower gas flow rate from bottom to top, in addition, when they collide with the conical surface of the body, the particles of the coarse fraction bounce downward, which increases the purity of the precipitated fraction.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the proposed dust collector-classifier with a conical body, containing a body, an axial pipe for the inlet of a gas-dust flow with its supply from above the dust collector, a screen, a receiving hopper for collecting dust and a branch pipe for removing purified gas, at the opposite end of the axial pipe for the inlet of a gas-dust stream a conical bottom is installed for unloading bulk material, while rectangular slots are made in the lower part of the cylindrical pipe, the screen is a transverse partition installed in the annular space of the dust collector-classifier between the body and the axial pipe, equidistant radial holes are made in an even number in the transverse partition, moreover, the rectangular slots are made opposite the site located between the adjacent holes of the transverse partition, while the partition is located strictly above the rectangular slots, in addition, the purified gas outlet pipe is located in the upper part of the rus, and the cross-section for the passage of gas along the entire path of overcoming the resistance remains unchanged, thereby ensuring equal flow of gas, the body has a variable cross-section, while the upper part of the body is made cylindrical to the place where the screen is installed, starting from the screen, the body expands to the bottom, connecting with the upper receiving part of the hopper for collecting dust.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by a drawing.

FIG. 1 shows a view of the proposed dust collector-classifier with a conical body in longitudinal section.

The numbers in the drawings indicate:

1 - case;

2 - gas-dust flow inlet pipe;

3 - a screen consisting of a transverse partition;

4 - hopper for collecting dust;

5 - purified gas outlet branch pipe;

6 - conical bottom;

7 - rectangular slots;

8 - radial holes.

The dust collector-classifier with a conical body contains a body 1, an axial pipe for the inlet of a gas and dust stream 2, a screen 3, consisting of a transverse partition, a receiving hopper for collecting dust 4 and a branch pipe for removing purified gas 5. At the opposite end of the pipe 2, a conical bottom 6 is installed, intended for unloading bulk material. In the lower part of the cylindrical pipe 2, rectangular slots 7 are made, through which the dusty gas flow enters the annular gap between the housing 1 and the pipe 2. In addition, a transverse partition 3 is installed above the rectangular slots 7, which serves for additional separation and separation of solid particles in a swirling gas and dust flow. For the outlet of the cleaned gas in the transverse partition 3, equidistant radial holes 8 are made in an even number. In this case, rectangular slots 7 are made opposite the platform located between adjacent holes 8 of the transverse partition 3. The purified gas outlet 5 is located in the upper part of the housing 1. Moreover, the housing 1 has a variable cross-section, while the upper part of the housing 1 is cylindrical to the place where the screen is installed 3, starting from the screen 3, the housing 1 expands towards the bottom, connecting with the upper receiving part of the dust collection bin 4.

The proposed dust collector-classifier with a conical body works as follows.

The dusty gas stream enters from the top of the device into the inner part of the cylindrical pipe 2 and moves downward. The gas and dust flow, reaching the rectangular slots 7, made in the lower part of the pipe 2, sharply changes its direction by 180 °. At the same time, due to the forces of inertia arising when the direction of movement of the dust-laden gas flow changes to the opposite, dust particles of a coarse fraction settle and enter the dust collection bin 4 through an opening made in the conical bottom 6. When the gas-dust flow exits from each rectangular slot 7, it splits into two identical components of this flow, which begin to rotate in the annular gap between the housing 1 and the cylindrical pipe 2, in the direction opposite to each other. Moreover, to increase the efficiency of sedimentation and to prevent partial entrainment of particles of the heavy fraction by the gas flow, the cylindrical part of the housing 1 from the installation site of the transverse partition 3 passes into a cone expanding downward. Thus, each rectangular slot 7 made in the pipe 2 forms two uniform vortex flows rotating in a small annular gap with small vortex radii. This makes it possible to create high values of centrifugal forces in the apparatus at relatively low velocities of the gas and dust flow.

Further, the middle and remaining large dust particles due to the forces arising in the rotating gas and dust flow between the lower part of the expanding cone of the housing 1 and the axial tube 2 are displaced from the center to the periphery of the vortex structures and descend to the receiving hopper for collecting dust 4. At the same time, the purified gas the flow moves mainly in the central zone of the vortex structures from bottom to top and, reaching the transverse partition 3, additional separation and purification of the gas flow occurs due to the fact that the diameter of the radial holes 8 is less than the width of the annular gap between the housing 1 and the pipe 2, and the cleaned gas passes into the central part of the hole 8, and the dusty gas stream, hitting the transverse partition 3, knocks out the remaining solid particles.

Thus, the gas stream, purified mainly from coarse and medium-dispersed particles with a size of more than 30 microns, leaves the dust collector-classifier with a conical body through the purified gas outlet 5.

In the proposed dust collector-classifier with a conical body, in comparison with analogs and the prototype, the process of separation and separation of particles into fractions occurs when creating a set of uniform vortex structures with small vortex radii, which allows achieving high values of the separation factor, provides high separation clarity due to a lower speed gas flow from bottom to top. This, in turn, makes it possible to reduce the peripheral velocity of the gas and dust flow while maintaining high separation efficiency and classification of solid particles. When hitting the conical surface of the body, the particles of the coarse fraction bounces down, which increases the purity of the precipitated fraction. In addition, one of the advantages of the proposed dust collector-classifier with a conical body is the creation of a relatively small hydraulic resistance, which leads to a decrease in energy costs for the separation and separation of particles. This is achieved by the fact that the structural dimensions of the apparatus are selected in such a way that the apparatus has an equal flow rate for the passage of gas with the absence of local constrictions and expansions of the gas-dust flow.

Claims (1)

A dust collector-classifier with a conical body, containing a body, an axial pipe for the inlet of a gas-dust stream with its supply from above the dust collector, a screen, a receiving hopper for collecting dust and a purified gas outlet pipe, at the opposite end of the axial pipe for an inlet of a gas-dust stream, a conical bottom is installed for unloading bulk material, at the same time, rectangular slots are made in the lower part of the cylindrical pipe, the screen is a transverse partition installed in the annular space of the dust collector-classifier between the body and the axial pipe, equidistant radial holes are made in an even number in the transverse partition, and the rectangular slots are made opposite the platform, located between adjacent openings of the transverse partition, while the partition is located strictly above the rectangular slots, in addition, the purified gas outlet pipe is located in the upper part of the body, characterized in that the body has a variable cross-section That is, the upper part of the body is made cylindrical up to the place where the screen is installed, starting from the screen, the body expands to the bottom, connecting with the upper receiving part of the dust collection bin.

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