RU2484881C2 - Method of cleaning gaseous substances, gas and air from mechanical impurities, condensate and water and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for cleaning gaseous substances, air and gas from mechanical impurities, water and condensate. Medium to be cleaned is fed via tangential or spiral inlet or nozzle to get swirled at larger angular velocity along centrifugal chamber cylindrical part from top to bottom and to create strong field of centrifugal forces. Said forces reject dirt to centrifugal chamber case cylindrical part while gas is displaced to flow swirl center. Then, swirling flow enters the funnel of angular and axial velocity bafflement and perforated bumper plate to stick to parabolic deflector with acute vertex. Here, it deflects at minor angle to horizon. Dirt is accumulated by inertia and gravity in cyclone conical part and, in response to dirt pickup signals, removed into the bin via branch pipe with automatic control device. Note here that gas in laminar flow regime in conical bumper plate flows upward for additional cleaning in plate separator and id removed via branch pipe with automatic valve in atmosphere or I system for reuse.

EFFECT: higher quality of cleaning.

4 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to chemical engineering and is intended for the purification of natural gas, gaseous substances and air from mechanical impurities, condensate and water due to the centrifugal effect.

Dust precipitation chambers, bag filters, apparatus for wet gas purification, electrostatic precipitators for purifying gaseous substances, air from mechanical impurities in ventilation and technological emissions in the food, mining, metallurgical, forestry industries, etc. are known.

However, with the high efficiency of individual devices and methods (bag filters, wet cleaning), they all have certain disadvantages, namely, insufficient cleaning ability, especially cleaning from fine dust, impurities, costly, bulky.

A special group of devices for cleaning gaseous substances, air from mechanical impurities, dust include cyclones.

The purification of gaseous substances from mechanical impurities in cyclones is based on the centrifugal effect and includes the supply of purified gaseous substances to the inlet tangential or spiral pipe, the removal of the purified gaseous substance through the exhaust pipe.

A cyclone is known in which the tangentially introduced main flow is divided into three parts by three cones with a slit-like inlet along the generatrix of the cone. Structurally, the cyclone comprises a housing, a chamber for introducing dusty gas with inclined tangential nozzles and axial nozzles for removing purified gas and dust. Each nozzle is equipped with a nozzle made in the form of confusers and a diffuser with a damped narrowed part. The confusers are located on the side surface of the diffuser of the main body, intersecting with it along the generatrix (AS USSR No. 921633, B04C 9/00, 1982).

The main disadvantage of the device is that the quality of cleaning is not enough, because during operation, all three flows in the separation chamber of the housing are mixed again. Another disadvantage of the cyclone is its structural complexity.

Of interest is a straight-through cyclone containing a housing including a flow straightener in the upper cylindrical part, a Laval nozzle in the middle part and a swirl in the lower cylindrical part of the housing, openings for removal of solid fractions in the confuser part of the Laval nozzle, annular chambers covering the housing for collecting and removing heavy and light solid fractions (AS USSR No. 1798009, B04C 3 / 00.1993).

The intermediate chamber covers the confuser part of the Laval nozzle, in which inclined slots are made at an angle of 90 ° to the total flow velocity vector. The diffuser part of the Laval nozzle is hermetically connected to the main chamber for collecting solid fractions. An axial nozzle is installed in the end outlet part of the housing, in which the flow straightener is fixedly fixed with a central insert, which is a pin with a round plate at the end, protruding into the diffuser part of the Laval nozzle.

The disadvantage of direct-flow cyclone is the insufficient quality of enrichment and purification of the source material, because during operation, the light fraction is not retained in the chamber for collecting solid fractions due to the pressure drop along the curved slit, because the radii of the beginning and end of the gap relative to the axis of rotation of the flow are significantly different. The light fraction is again taken out into the main stream and removed with it through the rectifier to the outside. Thus, the light fraction is not selected for further use, but is disposed of in a dump. The quality of cleaning is also reduced by cluttering the central part of the flow with structural elements (pins, etc.).

Closest to the claimed group of inventions in technical essence and the achieved result is a gas purification method carried out in a cyclone and disclosed in RF patent No. 2027526, IPC V04C 5/18. The known method is carried out in a cyclone as follows. The medium to be cleaned enters the cyclone through the nozzle tangentially to the body, moving further along a spiral in the annular gap between the body and the exhaust pipe, and then in the conical part of the body. Under the action of centrifugal force arising from the rotational movement of the flow, mechanical particles move radially-spiral, pressing against the wall of the cyclone body, fall down, then the stream, continuing its movement, enters the exhaust pipe and leaves the cyclone. Mechanical particles are separated from the gas mainly at the time of the transition of the downward flow into the upward flow, this occurs in the conical part of the body. As you can see, two complex vortex flows are created in the cyclone: the external one - polluted gaseous substance from the inlet pipe to the lower conical part of the body, and the internal one - relative to the purified gaseous substance from the lower conical part of the body into the exhaust pipe, while part of the upward flow is re-entrained into a complex rotational motion.

The main disadvantages of the prototype are:

1. Relatively low efficiency when cleaning dust dispersion to 5 ... 10 microns;

2. The dependence of the degree of purification on the diameter of the cyclone, the smaller the diameter, the higher the degree of purification, and therefore for a high degree of purification it is necessary to use several cyclones operating in parallel, ie cyclone battery;

3. The limited flow rate of the purified gaseous substance at the inlet of the cyclone to a maximum of 20 ... 22 m / s, as a further increase in speed leads to an increase in turbulization of the flow and a decrease in the cleaning ability.

The objective of the group of inventions is to improve the quality of purification of the source gaseous substance from mechanical impurities, water, condensate by organizing a non-turbulent flow.

The essence of the claimed method lies in the fact that in the method of purification of gaseous media, air and gas from mechanical impurities, water and condensate, which includes supplying a cleaned medium through the inlet pipe, twisting the cleaned medium with a given angular velocity with the creation of the corresponding centrifugal forces, separation of the cleaned medium into components, while dirt under the influence of significant centrifugal forces is thrown to the body of the device, and gas is displaced to the center of rotation, and the removal of purified gas and separated pollutants knowledge through the corresponding outlet pipes, the medium to be cleaned is carried out in a centrifugal chamber through a nozzle or a tangential or spiral inlet pipe, after which the medium to be cleaned, which rotates from top to bottom with a given angular velocity, is fed into the socket, which reduces the angular and axial flow velocities , then the medium to be cleaned is fed under a perforated cone chipper, where the stream to be cleaned, having significantly reduced its speeds, falls on a parabolic deflector and deviates under calculation angle down to the horizon, then the gas passes in laminar mode through the holes in the cone chipper, and also through the gap between the device body and the cone chipper, being cleaned in the plate separator, and is removed through the outlet pipe with an automatic valve, dirt under the influence of inertia and forces gravity settles and accumulates in the conical part of the device body, and dirt is removed from the conical part by the signals of the sensors of the upper and lower dirt levels located at the bottom of the conical part, when triggered Upper level sensor dirt Vania controlled automatic device opens and dirt is removed and the lower layer when triggered dirt sensor controlled automatic device is closed, the automatic valve in the gas outlet conduit removes dirt from the conical part of the apparatus in the stopping device.

To increase the cleaning ability, sprayed clean water or mineral oil is injected into the inlet of the centrifugal chamber.

The essence of the claimed device lies in the fact that in the device for cleaning gaseous media, air and gas from mechanical impurities, water and condensate, containing a cover, cylindrical and conical parts of the body with flanges, an inlet pipe, exhaust pipes of gas and dirt, a centrifugal screw is fixed in the cover the chamber, the inlet pipe is connected to the centrifugal chamber and is made in the form of a nozzle or a tangential or spiral pipe, the centrifugal chamber is smoothly connected to the bell to absorb angular and axial velocities, which The first one is connected to a perforated conical chipper, the openings of which are covered by convex plates welded to the cone from above and from the sides, and have an outlet from below, under the conical chipper there is a parabolic deflector with a sharp peak located in the lower part of the cylindrical or upper part of the conical part case, the exhaust pipe of dirt is equipped with an adjustable automatic device, in the lower part of the lid or in the upper part of the cylindrical part of the body is installed plate cleaners yuschy separator, the exhaust gas pipe is provided with an automatic valve, the apparatus is provided with a nozzle attachment of the safety valve or explosive or foundation legs.

To increase throughput, the device is equipped with several additional parallel-working centrifugal chambers, the inlet pipes of which are located in a common transfer chamber with a common tangential inlet pipe, which is mounted on the cover of the device.

The described gas purification technology can be called direct-flow, since it does not have the disadvantages characteristic of classical cyclones, namely: there are no complex turbulent turbulences, partial entrainment of the medium being cleaned into re-rotation, the speed of the medium being cleaned into the centrifugal chamber can reach values greater than 20 ... 22 m / s, which provides a higher degree of purification.

The direct-flow cyclone is arranged so that the centrifugal chambers are placed and fastened in a spherical lid, the plate separator is placed in the lid or the cylindrical part of the cyclone, and the discharge chamber of the medium to be cleaned with a tangential nozzle is placed on the spherical or torospherical lid, the perforated conical chipper with deflectors is mounted in the lower part of the cylindrical the case or the initial part of the conical part of the cyclone, which provides quick disassembly and repair of the cyclone if necessary.

The inventive design features of a straight-through cyclone provide a high degree of purification of the cleaned medium from impurities.

The method is as follows.

The medium being cleaned through a tangential nozzle, or a spiral-shaped nozzle, or nozzle enters tangentially into the cylindrical part of the centrifugal chamber, where, spiraling downward along the cylindrical wall of the chamber, it forms a significant centrifugal field, under the influence of which mechanical impurities, water and condensate are rejected to the cylindrical the wall of the centrifugal chamber, while coagulating and receiving acceleration due to axial velocity and gravitational forces, and the gas is displaced to the center of rotation. Then, the medium to be cleaned, having entered the bell and slowing down its angular and axial velocities, enters under the perforated cone chipper, the holes in which are covered with convex plates from the inside of the cone. Having significantly slowed down its angular and axial velocities, the rotating medium to be cleaned enters the parabolic deflector and deviates in the horizontal plane at a given angle down to the horizontal.

Separated dirt, under the influence of inertia and gravity, settles in the conical part of the body, and gas or air through the holes in the cone chipper and through the gap between the body and the cone chipper in laminar mode, additionally cleaned in a plate separator, is removed from the cyclone through an outlet pipe with an automatic valve .

As dirt accumulates in the conical part of the cyclone body, the lower level and then the upper level dirt sensors are triggered, while the adjustable automatic outlet opens, mechanical impurities, water and condensate are removed under the influence of gas pressure into the hopper for further cleaning.

As dirt is removed from the conical part, the upper-level dirt sensor will work first, and then the lower one, the adjustable automatic outlet of the nozzle closes or closes.

The described process will be repeated until the cyclone stops.

When the cyclone fan stops, or when the gas supply valve to the cyclone is closed for cleaning, the automatic valve at the gas outlet is closed, and the adjustable automatic outlet of the dirt outlet is opened. Under the influence of residual gas pressure or a fan working for a given time, dirt is removed from the conical part of the cyclone, a low-level dirt sensor is triggered, the adjustable automatic outlet opens, the fan stops, and the automatic valve on the gas outlet opens.

In the case of gas purification in large volumes, the number of centrifugal chambers increases, tangential or spiral nozzles or nozzles are placed in the transfer chamber with a common tangential inlet nozzle. The gas entering the common tangential inlet pipe into the dispensing chamber is twisted, evenly distributed in parallel working centrifugal chambers, and then the medium to be cleaned is cleaned of impurities in each chamber, as described above.

Figure 1 presents a General view of a straight-through cyclone of low capacity with one centrifugal chamber;

Figure 2 presents a General view of a straight-through cyclone with a significant throughput with several parallel-running centrifugal chambers;

Figure 3 presents a centrifugal chamber with a nozzle designed to swirl the cleaned stream with a significant predetermined angular velocity;

Figure 4 shows a section bb of figure 3 along the nozzle;

Figure 5 presents a centrifugal chamber with a tangential pipe, designed to swirl the cleaned stream with a significant predetermined angular velocity;

Figure 6 shows a section GG of figure 5 along the tangential inlet pipe;

Figure 7 shows a centrifugal chamber with a bell damping the angular and axial velocities of the cleaned medium;

On Fig depicts several parallel working centrifugal chambers with sockets and a common transfer chamber;

Figure 9 shows a section aa of figure 2;

Figure 10 shows a perforated cone chipper in a top view;

In Fig.11 shows a perforated conical bump in side view in section DD DD of Fig.10.

Direct-flow cyclone (Fig. 1) contains a conical part of the housing 1, foundation legs 2, a cylindrical part of the housing 3, a perforated cone chipper 4, a bell for damping the angular and axial velocities of the stream to be cleaned 5, a spherical or torospherical cover 6, a plate separator 7, a centrifugal chamber 8 with a tangential or spiral inlet pipe or nozzle, an automatic valve 9 with an outlet pipe 10 for purified gas, a pipe for attaching a safety or explosive valve 11, a parabolic deflector 12 s a sharp peak, the mud outlet 13, an adjustable automatic device for removing dirt 14, the sensors for the presence of dirt of the upper and lower levels 15. When using several centrifugal chambers 8, the device further comprises a common tangential inlet 16 of the medium to be cleaned into the transfer chamber, the housing of the transfer chamber 17, dispensing chamber 18.

The centrifugal chamber 8 with a nozzle (FIGS. 3, 4) comprises a cylindrical body, an inlet pipe 19 with a nozzle, a conical part of the nozzle 20, a narrowed part of the nozzle 21, a cylindrical rotation cavity of the medium to be cleaned 22.

The centrifugal chamber 8 with a tangential inlet (FIGS. 5, 6) comprises a cylindrical body, a tangential inlet pipe 23, a cylindrical rotation cavity of the medium to be cleaned 22.

The centrifugal chamber 8 is smoothly connected to the bell 5 (Fig.7, 1, 2) and contains a mounting flange of the chamber 24.

The distribution chamber of the medium to be cleaned 18 with several centrifugal chambers operating in parallel (FIGS. 2, 8, 9) contains centrifugal chambers 8, a common inlet tangential branch pipe 16, the cavity of the transfer chamber 18, the housing of the transfer chamber 17, and the flange of the transfer chamber 25.

The perforated conical chipper 4 (Fig. 10, 1, 2) contains holes 26, covered from the inside of the chipper with convex plates 27, welded to the chipper cone from above and from the sides with an inlet for gas from below, the terminal part of the sockets 5.

The device operates as follows.

The cleaned gaseous substance, air, gas under pressure through the inlet pipe 19 with the nozzle, passing the conical 20 and the narrowed part 21 of the nozzle (Fig. 3, 4), or the tangential inlet pipe 23 (Fig. 5, 6), or a spiral-shaped pipe at a speed more than 20 ... 22 m / s enters tangentially to the cylindrical part of the centrifugal chamber 8, begins to rotate in a spiral in the cavity 22 with a significant angular velocity, under the influence of which a corresponding field of centrifugal forces is created.

Under the influence of centrifugal forces, mechanical impurities, water, condensate (hereinafter dirt) are discarded to the cylindrical wall of the centrifugal chamber 8, and the gas, rotating in the cavity 22, is displaced to the center of rotation. Next, the rotating cleaned medium enters the socket 5 (figure 1), where the angular and axial flow rates are reduced. Under the perforated conical bump 4, the speed decreases even more, the flow enters the parabolic deflector 12, flowing around the sharp peak of the deflector along the parabola, deviates from the vertical movement to the horizontal at a given angle to the horizontal downward.

Dirt under the influence of inertia and gravity forces settles in the conical part 1 of the cyclone body, and gas through holes 26 with convex plates 27 of the cone chipper 4, and also through the space between the cyclone body and the perforated cone chipper 4 in the laminar mode, is removed from the cyclone through the exhaust pipe 10 with automatic valve 9.

As dirt accumulates in the conical part 1 of the cyclone body, the lower level dirt sensor 15 is first triggered, and then the upper level dirt sensor 15 is activated, the adjustable automatic device 14 is opened and dirt is removed under gas pressure through the pipe 13 to the hopper for further cleaning or processing. When removing dirt, the dirt sensor of the upper level 15, and then the lower level, is first triggered, while the adjustable automatic device 14 is closed and the process is repeated.

When the cyclone stops, when the gas supply valve for cleaning is closed or the discharge fan for the medium to be cleaned is stopped, the automatic valve 9 closes, and the adjustable automatic device 14 opens and dirt is removed under the pressure of the residual gas or the fan working for a specified time through the pipe 13 until the lower dirt sensor triggers level 15 or after a specified period of time. After removing residual dirt, the automatic valve 9 opens and the adjustable automatic device 14 closes.

In the case of cleaning large volumes of gas in a cyclone, several parallel-working centrifugal chambers 8 with sockets 5 are used (FIGS. 2, 8), while gas is supplied for cleaning through a common tangential pipe 16 into the cavity 18 of the transfer chamber 17 with a flange 25.

Entering through the common tangential pipe 16 into the cavity 18 tangentially to the housing 17 of the transfer chamber, the gas, twisting, is evenly distributed along the inlet pipes 19 (Figs. 3, 4) or 23 (Figs. 5, 6) of centrifugal chambers operating in parallel, and then the cyclone operates as described above.

When cleaning gas from dry fine solids into the gas to be purified, it is advisable to inject sprayed clean water or mineral oil in the inlet pipe.

The invention provides a deep cleaning of the cleaned medium from mechanical impurities with a dispersion of less than 5.0 microns.

Claims (4)

1. The method of purification of gaseous media, air and gas from mechanical impurities, water and condensate, including the supply of the cleaned medium through the inlet pipe, twisting the cleaned medium with a given angular velocity and the creation of the corresponding centrifugal forces, the separation of the cleaned medium into its components, while the dirt under the influence of centrifugal forces it is thrown to the body of the device, and the gas is displaced to the center of rotation, and the removal of purified gas and separated contaminants through the corresponding exhaust pipes, characterized the fact that the medium to be cleaned is carried out in a centrifugal chamber through a nozzle or tangential inlet pipe with a speed of more than 20 ... 22 m / s, after which the medium to be cleaned, which rotates from top to bottom at a given angular velocity, is fed into the socket, which reduces the angular and axial flow rates, then the medium to be cleaned is fed under a perforated cone chipper, where the stream to be cleaned, having significantly reduced its speeds, falls on a parabolic deflector and deviates downward at an angle to the horizontal, then the gas passes in laminar mode, through holes in the cone chipper, and also through the gap between the device body and the cone chipper, being cleaned in the plate separator, and removed through the exhaust pipe with an automatic valve, dirt under the influence of inertia and gravity forces settles and accumulates in the conical part of the device , and the removal of dirt from the conical part is carried out according to the signals of the sensors of the upper and lower levels of dirt located at the bottom of the conical part; when the sensor of the dirt of the upper level is triggered, it opens I have an adjustable automatic device and the dirt is removed, and when the lower level dirt sensor is triggered, the adjustable automatic device is closed, while the automatic valve on the gas outlet pipe removes dirt from the conical part of the device when the device stops. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the atomized clean water or mineral oil is injected into the inlet of the centrifugal chamber. 3. A device for cleaning gaseous media, air and gas from mechanical impurities, water and condensate, comprising a cover, cylindrical and conical parts of the body with flanges, an inlet pipe, exhaust pipes for gas and dirt, characterized in that a centrifugal chamber is fixed in the cover, the inlet the nozzle is connected to the centrifugal chamber and is made in the form of a nozzle or tangential nozzle, the centrifugal chamber is smoothly connected to the bell for damping angular and axial velocities, which is connected to the perforated conical chipper, from The holes of the inside of the chipper are covered with convex plates welded to the cone from above and from the sides, and have an outlet from below, under the cone chipper there is a parabolic deflector with a sharp apex located in the lower part of the cylindrical or upper part of the conical part of the body, the dirt outlet pipe is equipped with an adjustable by an automatic device, in the lower part of the lid or in the upper part of the cylindrical part of the casing, a plate cleaning separator is installed, the gas outlet pipe is equipped with an automatic valve, while the device is equipped with a nozzle for mounting a safety or explosive valve and foundation paws. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that it is equipped with several additional parallel-running centrifugal chambers, the inlet pipes of which are located in a common transfer chamber with a common tangential inlet pipe, which is mounted on the cover of the device.

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