SU1766524A1 - Vortical dust collector - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: Air Purification of Dust, Invention: in a vortex dust collector with counter-swirling streams of cleaned air, the lower axial inlet 4 of the inlet has, in addition to a swirler 6, tangential swirling nozzles 5. The upper peripheral inlet is an annular chamber 9 located on the cubic part the walls of the housing 1, in which tangential tapering slots are made for twisting the injected flow. The purge gas is discharged through an axial nozzle 11 having a conical plug 14 and side windows 13 at the lower end, between which clean gas inlet channels with tangential nozzles are located. 7 il. 1B XI O O SL Y 7 7Ч5

Description

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The invention relates to the purification of gases from the dust of various materials and can be used for the dry cleaning of process gases of various industries.

Vortex dust collectors are known that operate on the principle of dry gas cleaning in opposite swirling streams and contain a cylindrical body, an inlet nozzle with swirlers with a fairing at the end, an overflow opening and an instrument for swirling the flow with an external secondary gas of the trap gas. Such dust collectors operate with a counter flow of secondary trap gas (1).

However, effective capture of dust from vapor – gas media in these dust catchers is achieved due to the high velocity of the gas trap in the nozzles, the flow rate 2-3 times higher than the flow rate of the original dusty gas and a temperature not lower than the vapor condensation temperature. All this leads to high energy consumption for dust cleaning and increasing the size of devices.

A vortex dust collector is known, which operates according to the scheme for dividing the total dust spray into two streams — the primary dust stream and the secondary gas-trap stream.

This vortex dust collector contains a cylindrical body, an inlet with a bypass hole, a swirler and a fairing and a discharge pipe connecting the bypass of the inlet nozzle with a device for swirling the secondary gas-trap (2).

A system of nozzles with a common cylindrical manifold (1) or a multi-nozzle (2) is usually used as a device for swirling the secondary trap gas. A disadvantage of the known vortex dust collectors is the frequent clogging of the device for feeding and twisting the dusty secondary trapping agent, which contributes to a sharp drop in the efficiency of the dust collector and to a decrease in the overall service life of the apparatus.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the inventive device is a vortex dust collector containing a cylindrical body, supplying cleaned air pipe, a dust collector located in the lower part of the body, and an axial inlet of the flow with a swirler and a flowline connected to the supply air. the pipeline, located in the upper part of the body, the axial nozzle of the cleaned air outlet and the annular chamber with tangential inlet nozzles

a peripheral flow connected to the supply pipe by the overflow pipe (3).

The disadvantages of the known dust collector are that the secondary trap gas flow has unstable parameters and is unevenly distributed in the dust trap cavity, there are no obstacles for the gas to disperse fine particles from the central zone of the secondary gas trap, the complexity of the nozzle cleaning device as a result , reducing dust collection efficiency and reducing the overall resource of continuous operation.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability and efficiency of dust collection.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in a vortex dust collector containing a cylindrical body supplying cleaned air to a pipeline, a dust collector located in the lower part of the housing and an axial inlet pipe with a swirler and fairing connected to the supply pipe, an axial outlet nozzle located in the upper part of the body cleaned air and an annular chamber with tangential nozzles for introducing peripheral flow, connected to the inlet pipelines by an overflow pipe, the upper part of the housing is and the conical, tangential nozzles of the annular chamber are made in the form of narrowing slits in the conical wall of the housing; the outlet pipe of cleaned air is made with side windows and is equipped with a conical plug in the lower end and between the windows of the inlet of clean air with tangential nozzles in the outer wall, and the axial inlet of the flow inlet is provided with tangential nozzles located below the swirl; the total area of the outlet openings of the slots is equal to half the area of the inlet section of the overflow pipe; The nozzles of the axial inlet nozzle are directed upwards at an angle of 11-15 ° to the horizons. .

A comparative analysis with the prototype allows us to conclude that the claimed vortex dust collector is different in that the upper part of the body is made conical, the tangential nozzles of the annular chamber are made in the form of narrowing slots in the conical wall of the body, the outlet of purified air is provided with side windows and is provided a plug at the lower end and clean air inlet channels located between the windows and tangential nozzles in the outer wall, and the axial nozzle of the flow inlet is provided with and lower the swirl l with tangential nozzles; the total area of the outlet openings of the slots is equal to half the area of the outlet cross section of the overflow pipe; The nozzles of the axial nozzle of the inlet are directed upwards at an angle of 11-15 ° to the horizons. Thus, the claimed vortex dust collector meets the Novelty criterion.

The device of the annular chamber with tangential nozzles made in the form of tapering slots in the conical wall allows, due to tangential and high velocity flowing out (due to the area ratio), dusty streams rotating and overlapping each other, to obtain a dense rotating layer of particles near the inner wall of the housing. dust, while there is intense coagulation. The formed vortex of the gas trap twists the vortex flow of the primary gas to be purified in the same direction as the nozzles and the swirler of the axial inlet, and also intensifies the coagulation process in the primary flow. As a result of the interaction of two vortex flows, the enlarged rotating dust particles move towards the axial component of the trapping gas, i.e. into the bunker.

The design of the axial inlet nozzle allows, depending on the number of nozzles, to create rotating and overlapping gas dust streams over the entire height of the nozzle, which promotes optimal utilization of the dust collector area and intensifies coagulation in the primary flow and when interacting with the secondary gas trap flow.

With the proposed design of the axial inlet of the stream inlet, the dust of fine fractions is repeatedly subjected to an inertial deposition mechanism, which contributes to an increase in the degree of gas dedusting. The design of the clean gas outlet pipe makes it possible to increase the efficiency of dust collection by supplying the clean air outlet pipe to the cavity (the flow rate does not exceed 5% of the dusty gas consumption) flowing tangentially from the nozzles to the outer side surface and forming a clean layer of the rotating nozzle air that prevents entrainment and blows away dust fine fractions of the escaping (ascending) gas stream into the rotating secondary gas-trap stream.

Comparison of the proposed solution with other technical solutions shows that the nozzles of the clean gas outlet are known (4), but the object in question shows a new property compared to the object containing these signs, which leads to the achievement of a positive effect, which consists in increasing the efficiency of dust collection. due to

supply to the cavity of the clean air outlet pipe (the flow rate of which does not exceed 5% of the dusty gas flow rate) flowing tangentially from the nozzles in the outer side wall and forming between the nozzle

the output and the casing of the rotating layer of clean air, which prevents the entrainment and blown off the nt or the lower fractions of the leaving gas to be purified into the rotating secondary trap gas. This allows

make a conclusion about the compliance of the technical solution with the criterion of significant differences.

FIG. 1 shows a vortex dust collector; in fig. 2 is a section A-A in FIG. 1; on

FIG. 3 shows a section BB in FIG. one; in fig. 4 - view

In FIG. one; in fig. 5 - output pipe

purified air; in fig. 6 - section G-Y

in fig. five; in fig. 7 is a section d-d in fig. five.

The vortex dust collector (Fig. 1) consists of a cylindrical body 1, an inlet nozzle 2 with an overflow hole 3, an axial nozzle nozzle 4 located between the inlet nozzle 2 and the swirler 6, a fairing 7 and having tangential nozzles 5. At the bottom of the body 1 is a bunker collected dust 8, and in the upper part of the annular chamber 9 with tangential nozzles 10. The outlet pipe 11 of the cleaned gas is installed with the possibility of axial movement and is made with tangential nozzles 12, side windows 13, plugged from the bottom with conical wrapping Atel 14. The supply pipe 15 is connected to the inlet pipe 2 and the outlet pipe

16. The inlet 2 is provided with a device 17 for controlling the ratio of the flow rate of the primary and secondary streams of gas to be purified. The device 17 is in the form of a flap.

Through the opening 18, the spent gas from the hopper 8 enters the inlet 2 for further purification.

The annular chamber is a hollow truncated cone 9 oriented

a smaller base to the pipe 11 of the output of the purified gas. In the lateral surface of the cone 9 there are tangentially located slots 10, tapering inside the cone 9. The total area of the outlet openings of the slots

10 is equal to half the opening area of the branch pipe 16. Moreover, the device for swirling the secondary trap gas flow is made of dust-and-moisture repellent material.

The axial nozzle input 4 is made with tangentially located nozzles 5. Nozzles 5 are directed upward at an angle of 11-15 °. The number of nozzles is determined by the volume of the primary stream of gas to be purified. The nozzle 11 of the outlet of the purified gas (Fig. 4) is made with tangential nozzles 12, side windows 13 and plugged-bottom conical fairing.

Vortex dust collector works as follows.

Dust-laden gas from the supply pipe 15 enters the inlet 2 and the discharge pipe 16.

The primary dust and gas flow is twisted tangentially placed and directed upwards at an angle of 11-15 ° by nozzles 5 axial inlet nozzle with 4 bladed swirler 6. Part of the flux flowing through swirler 6 is pushed to the walls of body 1 by fairing 7, maintaining rotational motion. In this case, the vortex of the primary dusty gas flow near the walls of the housing 1 rises upwards. Under the action of centrifugal forces, the dust particles suspended in the flow are thrown to the inner wall of the housing 1 and under the action of the axial component of the gas trap they are entrained in the bunker 8,

The secondary dusty gas stream through the bypass pipe 16 enters the annular chamber 9 tangentially, and from there through the slots 10 tangentially and at an increased speed (speed is 2 times greater than in the bypass pipe 16 due to the area ratio) enters the upper part of the dust collector. Thus, in the wall region of the upper cone-shaped part of the dust collector, a layer of dust particles is formed, and due to intensive mechanical interaction of the particles, intensive coagulation occurs, J

The formed vortex of the gas-trap twists the vortex flow of the primary gas in the same direction as the nozzles 5 and zvikhritel 6 directed towards him.

As a result of the interaction of two vortex flows, the dust particles move towards the axial component of the trap gas (downstream), i.e. collected dust bin 8. Exhaust gas from the bunker 8 through the opening 18 enters the inlet 2 for further purification.

The downward flow, having reached the dust layer of the bunker 8, changes its direction by 180 ° and passes into an upward flow containing dust from small fractions. To eliminate entrainment by the upward flow of fine dust particles, the outlet nozzle 11 is made with tangential nozzles 12 in the outer side wall, the side windows 13 and is plugged below with a conical obtekom 14. Fresh air fed into the cavity of the outlet nozzle 11 (consumption of which does not exceed 5% of the flow dusty gas), tangentially emanating from nozzles 12, forms between outlet 11 and

5 by the wall of the housing 1 rotating in the same direction as the upward flow, a layer of clean air that prevents from entrainment and rejects fine particles of the upward flow into the rotating with the larger

0 speed secondary gas flow catcher. The upward flow, reaching the outlet nozzle 11, is pressed by the conical fairing 14 from the central zone, where the centrifugal forces are small, to the periphery and passes

5 through a rotating layer of clean air, flowing out of the nozzles 12, and turning more than 90 °, is directed to the windows 13, then to the consumer or to the atmosphere.

Considering the mechanical effect

0 dust particles are superimposed, in the axial nozzle of the inlet 4, nozzles 5 are made for tangential extraction of the primary dusty gas flow into the dust collector cavity. The nozzles 5 are directed upwards under

5 angle of 11-15 °. The number of nozzles 5 is determined by the volume of the primary stream of gas to be purified. The nozzles 5 create over the entire height of the axial nozzle of the inlet 4 rotating, superimposed gas and dust flows, as

If only they would push each other and at the same time increase the velocity of secondary flows coming from above, losing speed and deteriorating conditions for the deposition of particles. This contributes to the mechanical interaction of dust particles, collisions and enlarging them, increasing the effect of centrifugal and gravitational forces with the subsequent deposition of particles from the flow into the hopper 8. Moreover, fine dust particles

0 fractions are repeatedly subjected to inertial precipitation mechanism. The proposed axial inlet of the inlet 4 allows for optimum utilization of the area of the dust collector and significantly increase the effect

5 centrifugal and gravitational forces to increase the efficiency of the deposition of dust particles from gas and dust flows.

The annular chamber with tangential nozzles is made in the form of a hollow truncated cone 9, placed tangentially

and 9 tapers narrowing into the cone. This allows intensively interacting tangentially and at high speed (due to the area ratio) of dusty, rotating and overlapping flows to obtain a dense rotating layer of particles at the inner wall of the cone 9. dust, where the coagulation process is intense, the Formed vortex of the gas-trap interacts with the swirling in the same direction of the vortex of the primary dusty stream, as a result of which dust particles interact, impact and enlarging them, increasing the effect of centrifugal and gravitational forces, followed by the deposition of dust particles from the stream into the bunker 8.

The upward flow leaves the dust collector through the windows 13 of the nozzle 11 of the clean gas outlet. To increase the efficiency of dust collection by reducing the secondary entrainment of dust, clean air is fed into the cavity of the outlet pipe 11 (the consumption of which does not exceed 5% of the dusty gas consumption); tangentially emanating from nozzles 12 and the outer side surface of outlet pipe 11 and forming a rotating layer of clean air between the nozzles of output 11 and the inner wall of the housing 1 and preventing thin particles and dust from blowing away into the rotating gas-trap flow.

The use of the claimed invention improves the efficiency of dust collection due to:

coagulation of particles due to the interaction of rotating and superimposed different speeds of dust and gas flows from the slots 10 of the annular chamber 9 and the nozzles 5 of the axial nozzle of the inlet 4, as a result, the dust particles of the fine fractions are repeatedly subjected to inertial

the mechanism of deposition, the presence of a nozzle of the Purified gas, which prevents the dispersion of fine dust. (The laboratory test report is attached)

Claims (3)

1.Vortex dust collector, containing a cylindrical body, supplying the cleaned air pipeline, a dust collector located in the lower part of the case, and an axial inlet pipe with a swirler and a fairing, connected to the inlet pipe, and an axial outlet of the cleaned air located in the upper part of the body an annular chamber with tangential nozzles of a peripheral flow inlet, connected to an inlet pipe by means of an overflow pipe, characterized in that, with increasing reliability and efficiency, the infusion, the upper part of the body is made conical, the tangential nozzles of the annular chamber are made in the form of tapering slots in the conical wall of the body, the nozzle for introducing purified air is made with side windows and is provided with a conical plug at the lower end and clean air inlets with tangential nozzles in the outside are located between the windows the wall, and the axial inlet of the flow inlet is provided with tangential nozzles located below the swirler. 2. A dust collector according to claim 1, wherein the total area of the outlet openings of the slots is equal to half the area of the outlet cross section of the overflow pipe. 3. Dust collector on PP. 1 and 2, about tl and h ayu yi and so that the nozzles of the axial nozzle of the input are directed upwards at an angle of 11-15 ° to the horizontal.  E FIG. five ZGOR, -; -, E) And by go to FIG. four Purified Clean AT 8 FIG. five FIG. 7