RU2753407C1 - Centrifugal absorption apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: air purification.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of air purification from suspended substances and gaseous pollutants and can be used in the petrochemical industry, power engineering enterprises, mechanical engineering. The apparatus is comprised of a cyclone, a Venturi tube, branch pipes for purified air supply, liquid supply, purified air discharge, liquid discharge, sludge discharge, wherein the cyclone is located in the lower part of the apparatus and the central discharge pipe of the cyclone is made narrowing and constitutes a confuser of the Venturi tube. A collector with impact spraying nozzles with inclined reflectors is contained in the neck in the upper part of the confuser. Screw-shaped screens with a hole in the lower part of the diffuser are provided on the inner surface of the diffuser, and the upper part of the Venturi tube has a labyrinth drop catcher with a liquid discharge branch pipe.

EFFECT: use of physical methods of centrifugal and inertial separation and physical and chemical absorption methods with intensive drop catching in the apparatus allows for a significant increase in the quality of gas purification.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of air purification from suspended solids and gaseous pollutants and can be used in the petrochemical industry, energy enterprises, mechanical engineering.

Known devices for air purification from industrial technological emissions in the form of complex systems, including physical methods for trapping suspended solids (sedimentation, centrifugal separation, filtration) and physicochemical methods for trapping gaseous components (absorption, adsorption, thermocatalytic methods). Gas recovery is carried out in various packed and hollow columns and Venturi scrubbers. For example, in the book. ("Technique and technology of air protection. Textbook. Manual for universities. VV Oshin, VV Popov, PP Kukin et al. M. Higher school. 2005 - 391 p.) ... 5.70 (p. 226) shows a diagram of a packed scrubber. Packing devices create a large hydraulic resistance and cause significant energy consumption.

Hollow apparatus and Venturi scrubbers are widely used. In the book. ("Technique and technology of air protection. Textbook. Manual for universities. VV Oshin, VV Popov, PP Kukin et al. M. Higher school. 2005 - 391 p.) ... 5.67 (p. 223) shows the diagrams of hollow scrubbers. The hydraulic resistance of such apparatuses is insignificant, but a serious problem is the low quality of cleaning associated with the low efficiency of the contact between the liquid and gas spraying.

A device for gas purification is known (and.with. No. 712111, bull. No. 4 dated 01/30/1980), which implements a combination of a centrifugal process with a Venturi tube. We took this device as a prototype. The disadvantages of the prototype are as follows. First, the complexity of the device. an additional cyclone is required (pos. no. 5). Secondly, insufficient quality of cleaning, because poor-quality irrigation does not provide good gas-liquid contact. In addition, the purified air contains a large amount of irrigated liquid.

To eliminate the noted disadvantages, in order to improve the quality of the purified air, a centrifugal-absorption device for air purification from suspended particles and gaseous pollutants has been proposed, containing a cyclone, a Venturi pipe, branch pipes for supplying cleaned air, supplying liquid, removing purified air, removing liquid, removing sludge , in which the cyclone is located in the lower part of the device, the central gas duct is made confusing, contains a swirler, above the swirler in the throat there is an annular absorbent supply manifold containing spray nozzles, and a labyrinth droplet separator with a liquid outlet is installed in the upper part of the venturi diffuser, while, inside the diffuser of the Venturi pipe there are screw collectors for collecting the absorbent with a hole in the lower part of the diffuser, and the collector contains spray nozzles, which are made of impact action with an inclined reflector. The developed device is shown in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4.

Here: FIG. 1 - general view of the device,

fig. 2 - annular collector with nozzles,

fig. 3 - nozzle with reflector,

fig. 4 - side visors.

where 1 - housing, 2 - upper bottom, 3 - central gas duct, 4 - swirling device, 5 - absorbent outlet pipes, 6 - labyrinth droplet catcher body, 7 - clean air outlet, 8 - labyrinth droplet catcher, 9 - Venturi diffuser, 10 - absorbent collection caps, 11 - nozzle, 12 - annular collector, 13 - absorbent supply pipe, 14 - outgoing air supply pipe, 15 - sludge removal pipe, 16 - bottom bottom, 17 - reflector.

The device is a cylindrical-conical body 1 with a confuser upper part 2 and a conical bottom 16. In the confuser 2 there is a branch pipe 14 for the tangential supply of outgoing polluted air, and in the lower conical bottom 16 there is a branch pipe for removing sludge 15. In the upper part of the body 1, coaxially there is a central gas duct 3, made of converging. A swirling device 4 is installed in its narrowest part. Above the swirling device 4, there is an annular collector 12 with nozzles installed in it 11. The annular collector 11 has an absorbent supply pipe 13. The annular collector 12 is the throat of the Venturi pipe, which consists of a converging part - this is the central gas duct 3, throats 12 and diffuser 9. Above the collector 12 there is a diffuser of the Venturi pipe 9. On the lateral inner surface of the diffuser 9 there are inclined visors 10 in the form of a single or multi-threaded screw, which ends in the lower part above the collector 12 with an absorbent outlet 5. in the upper part of the diffuser 9 is the body of the labyrinth droplet catcher 6, inside of which the elements of the labyrinth droplet catcher are installed 8. In the lower part of the droplet catcher body 6 there is an absorbent outlet 5 connected to the nozzle 5 in the lower part of the diffuser 9. The upper part of the droplet catcher body 6 ends with a clean air outlet 7. Force The nozzles 11 are arranged symmetrically around the circumference of the collector 12. The nozzles 11 are made in the form of a cylinder with a central or tangential (lateral) fluid supply and have a reflector 17 in the inner cavity. The reflector 17 is installed so that the vector of the direction of reflection of the drops coincides with the direction of the air flow in the throat of the collector 12.

The proposed device works as follows. The original polluted air is supplied to the branch pipe 14. installed tangentially and at a certain slope α (3 ° -5 °) to the upper bottom 2. Tangential air supply ensures its intensive swirling and movement along a helical path to the lower part of the housing 1. The resulting centrifugal force throws off large particles of suspended pollutants to the walls of the housing 1 and the resulting layer of sludge slides to the lower bottom 16 and is removed through the branch pipe 15. The main part of the air, containing medium and fine particles of pollutants and gaseous substances, enters the central gas duct 3, which is the confuser of the Venturi tube. A sharp turn in the direction of air movement provides the emergence of inertial forces acting on suspended particles and there is an additional separation of pollutant particles to the lower bottom 16. The air entering the central gas duct 3 due to the confusion becomes high speed. Further, the air, passing through the swirling device 4, made in the form of a propeller or rotary blades, acquires additional rotation and enters the zone of the annular collector. Simultaneously with the flow of air into the nozzle 14, absorbent begins to be supplied to the nozzle 13. The absorbent, filling the entire collector 12, enters the nozzles 11 under significant pressure, where, hitting the reflector 17, in the form of a fine droplet structure fills the throat and, meeting with a high-speed air flow , intensive crushing and mixing takes place. These processes provide mass transfer between liquid and gaseous pollutants. Physical or chemical absorption can occur depending on the type of gaseous pollutant and the choice of absorbent. In addition, the liquid absorbent also ensures the coagulation of the remaining medium and fine suspended particles. The movement of air together with the dispersed absorbent in the diffuser 9 occurs with a deceleration of the flow rate, and during the stay in the diffuser 9 all physicochemical processes proceed more fully. The presence of a swirl device 4 also provides a rotational movement of the flow in the diffuser 9. Due to this rotational movement, drops of liquid absorbent are thrown to the walls of the diffuser 9, where they flow down the walls, fall into the visors 10 and are discharged through the screw channels through the nozzle 5. The bulk of the air flow together with the remaining drops of absorbent enters the body of the labyrinth droplet catcher 6, where in the blades of the labyrinth droplet catcher 8, sharply changing the direction of movement, it is freed from the remaining absorbent and is removed through the clean air outlet 7. Liquid absorbent, flowing down the surface of the blades of the labyrinth droplet catcher 8 5, is removed through the nozzle 5 ...

Thus, using in the proposed device physical methods of centrifugal and inertial separation and physicochemical methods of absorption with intensive droplet collection, it is possible to significantly improve the quality of purification of polluted air.

Claims (4)

1. A centrifugal absorption device for air purification from suspended particles and gaseous pollutants, containing a cyclone, a Venturi pipe, nozzles for the purified gas supply, liquid supply, purified gas discharge, liquid discharge, sludge discharge, characterized in that the cyclone is located in the lower part of the device , the central gas duct is made confuser, contains a swirler, above the swirler in the throat there is an absorbent supply manifold containing spray nozzles, and a labyrinth droplet catcher with a liquid outlet is installed in the upper part of the venturi diffuser. 2. Centrifugal absorption device, characterized in claim 1 in that inside the diffuser of the venturi there are helical absorbent collection hoods with an opening in the lower part of the diffuser. 3. A centrifugal absorption device, characterized in claim 1 in that the manifold contains spray nozzles. 4. A centrifugal absorption device, characterized in claim 3 in that the spray nozzles are made of impact action with an inclined reflector.

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