RU2797425C1 - Pneumatic seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: machines for sowing crop seeds. The pneumatic sowing device contains a hopper, a housing, a seed chamber, an excess pressure channel and an intake device made in the form of a tube and a unit for closing the recesses of the dosing elements when the seeds are dropped into the seed tube, as well as a cover and a gasket. The dosing elements are made replaceable, and the sowing disk has seats for their installation. At the same time, the dosing elements in the radial section are made of an arcuate shape, and relative to the centre of the disk, the recesses for suction of seeds have a curvature, and breathable material 13 is located between the node for overlapping the recesses of the dosing elements when the seeds are dropped into the seed tube and the recesses of the dosing elements.

EFFECT: invention will expand the functionality and simplify its operation.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for sowing crops.

Currently, there are three main sowing methods: row, strip and scattered (Agricultural machines (device, operation and basic adjustments): textbook / V.A. Romanenko [and others]. - Krasnodar: Kub GAU, 2014. - 232 p.). The most common sowing method is the ordinary row, which is used to sow grain crops and is characterized by a fixed row spacing, sowing depth and seeding rate. At the same time, the number of seeds per linear meter should be constant, and the arrangement in a row should be chaotic, but the average step between individual seeds should also be constant.

Known pneumatic sowing apparatus (see RF patent No. 2226759, A01C 7/04 dated 20.04.2004 - analogue), containing a hopper, housing, seed and pressure chambers, a vertical sowing disc with dosing elements having holes for sucking seeds, made in the form cissoids of rotation, while the bases of adjacent dosing elements located on the side of the seed chamber are mated to each other, an overpressure channel and an intake device located in the upper part of the body and made in the form of a tube and a roller that closes the opening of the dosing element when seeds are dropped into the seed tube .

The disadvantage of this pneumatic sowing apparatus is the inability to sow seeds in an ordinary way.

Known pneumatic sowing apparatus (see RF patent No. 2307495, A01C 7/04 dated 10.10.2007 - prototype), containing a hopper, a housing, a seed chamber, a vertical sowing disc with dosing elements having recesses for sucking seeds, and arranged in rows, a channel excess pressure and an intake device made in the form of a tube and a unit for blocking the recesses of the dosing elements when the seeds are dropped into the seed tube, as well as a cover and a gasket.

The disadvantage of this pneumatic sowing apparatus is the inability to sow seeds in an ordinary way.

The technical result of the invention is to expand the functionality and simplify the operation of the sowing machine.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a pneumatic sowing machine containing a hopper, a housing, a seed chamber, a vertical sowing disk, metering elements arranged in rows with recesses for sucking seeds, an overpressure channel and an intake device made in the form of a tube and an assembly for overlapping the recesses metering elements when dumping seeds into the seed tube, as well as a cover and a gasket, according to the invention, the metering elements are replaceable, and seats for their installation are made on the sowing disc, while the metering elements are arcuate in the radial section, and suction recesses are made relative to the center of the disc seeds have a curvature and between the unit for overlapping the recesses of the metering elements when the seeds are dropped into the seed tube and the recesses of the metering elements there is a breathable material.

The novelty of the claimed technical result is due to the fact that in the process of sowing seeds in an ordinary way, their dosing is carried out by filling the recesses of the dosing elements, which have a curvature relative to the center of the sowing disk, i.e. a continuous strip is formed, which eliminates the portioning and pulsation of the seed flow, and also allows you to reduce the speed and size of the sowing disc. Since most types of agricultural crops are sown in an ordinary way, having different physical and mechanical properties of seeds, and first of all, the sizes and sowing coefficients, the execution of recesses in the radial section of the arcuate shape and the location between the node to cover the recesses of the dosing elements when the seeds are dropped into the seed tube and notches of the metering elements of breathable material will prevent them from jamming in them or blowing out through the notches, and also minimizes the need to change the air flow rate. The manufacture of interchangeable dosing elements of various sizes, in addition to sowing seeds of various crops, will also allow sowing in various ways, up to dotted. This expands the functionality and simplifies the operation of the pneumatic seeding unit.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a pneumatic seeding machine, side view; in fig. 2 - scheme of the pneumatic sowing apparatus, section A-A; in fig. 3 - scheme of the pneumatic sowing device, section B-B.

The pneumatic sowing machine consists of a hopper 1, which is connected to the housing 2 through an outlet port (not shown in the figure). seats 7. At the same time, the seats 7 are made in a vertical seeding disk in 4 rows, the metering elements 6 have recesses 8 for suction of seeds, and their radial section is made of an arcuate shape, and relative to the center of the seeding disk 4, the recesses 8 for suction of seeds have a curvature, which will allow eliminate jamming of seeds in them and improve their separation. An overpressure channel 9 is connected to the body 2 from the side of the seed chamber 3 to supply air into it, and an intake device 10 is installed. to cover the recesses 8 of the dosing elements when dumping seeds into the seed tube located on the opposite side of the vertical seeding disc 4. Between the assembly 12 and the recesses 8 of the dosing elements 6 there is a breathable material 13. The vertical seeding disc 4, in the housing 2, is sealed with a gasket 14, which fixed with cover 15.

Pneumatic seeding machine works as follows.

From the hopper 1, the seeds through the inlet window (not shown in the figure) enter the seed chamber 3 of the housing 2. From the injection source (not shown in the figure) through the overpressure channel 9, air is supplied to the seed chamber 3 of the apparatus. During the rotation of the vertical sowing disc 4, with the drive shaft 5, under the action of the lateral pressure of the seeds in the layer and the forces created by the difference in air pressure in the cavity and outside the body 2 of the apparatus, the seeds fill the dosing elements 6 installed in the seats 7, forming a continuous strip. At the same time, the air-permeable material 13 makes it possible to prevent them from being blown out through the recesses 8, thereby simplifying the operation of the sowing unit. The filled dosing elements 6 move towards the intake device 10, and the excess seeds are blown out by the air flow created by the excess pressure channel 9. At the moment of taking the seeds from the dosing elements 6, the node 12 closes the recess 8, eliminating air leakage through them. Due to the creation of excess pressure on the surface of the seed by the air flow and the execution of the dosing elements 6 in the radial section of the arcuate shape, the separation of the seeds is carried out without jamming, thereby facilitating the intake of seeds from the dosing elements 6 into the vertical tube 11 of the intake device 10. Then the seeds are continuously flowed into vas deferens. Due to the manufacture of seats 7 in rows and the implementation of recesses 8 of the metering elements 6 relative to the center of the sowing disc 4 with curvature, portioning and pulsation of the seed flow are excluded. Installing 7 different dosing elements 6 in the seats will allow you to sow in various ways, thereby expanding the functionality of the pneumatic seeding machine.

The invention is industrially applicable and can be implemented in a factory or other industrial enterprise.

Claims (2)

1. Pneumatic sowing machine containing a hopper, a housing, a seed chamber, a vertical sowing disc, metering elements arranged in rows with recesses for sucking seeds, an overpressure channel and an intake device made in the form of a tube and a node for blocking the recesses of the metering elements when dumping seeds into the seed tube, as well as a cover and a gasket, characterized in that the dosing elements are made replaceable, and seats for their installation are made on the sowing disk, while the dosing elements are arcuate in a radial section, and the recesses for suction of seeds have a curvature relative to the center of the disk . 2. Pneumatic sowing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that between the unit for overlapping the recesses of the metering elements when the seeds are dropped into the seed tube and the recesses of the metering elements, a breathable material is located.

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