RU2355153C1 - Pneumatic drilling apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: pneumatic drilling mechanism has a tanker, housing, seed and discharge chambers, vertical seeding plate with dosage elements having orifices, pressurised channel. The seeding plate has a drive shaft for the rotational motion. Ledges are disposed at the equal distance one the centre circles of the dosage elements of the seeding plate. The ledges are made of elastic material. The width and high of the ledges are not less than maximum size of planting seeds. The walls of the ledges are radial from the side of the dosage elements of the seeding plate. The housing has a slot having the length equalled the distance between the ledges. A conveying channel with the walls having elastic covering is disposed in the housing in front of the area of throwing seeds into a coulter along the arc of the concentric axis of the seeding plate. The central angle of the conveying channel is not less than double angle between the neighbouring ledges of the seeding channel. The radial section of the ledges in the plane perpendicular to one of the seeding plate patterns on the cross section of the conveying channel. The walls of the ledges attached to the walls of the conveying channel are made along the radiuses which are smaller than one of the walls of the conveying channel by gaps' size of 0.03…0.05 mm.

EFFECT: qualitative increase of dosing seeds at high revolution of the seeding plate with decreasing excessive pressure and air consumption.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for sowing seeds of agricultural crops.

Known sowing apparatus, comprising a housing with a sampling chamber adjacent to it with the formation of a cavity, a sowing disk with cells for seeds located on its periphery and mating with the end surface of the housing, a channel with a nozzle to create excess pressure in the cavity and blow off excess seeds from the cells , the exhaust channel and the damper with a curved edge [1].

The disadvantage of this sowing apparatus is the insufficient quality of seed supply at high sowing speeds, as well as the fact that the operation of this apparatus requires high excess pressure.

The closest technical solution known is a pneumatic metering device, including a hopper, seed and pressure chamber, a vertical metering disk with metering elements having holes, a drive shaft in the rotational movement of the vertical metering disk, a housing in which the centers of the metering centers are located on circles concentric with the circumference elements, the inlet window, the overpressure channel and the intake pipe are sequentially located [2].

The disadvantage of this sowing apparatus is the insufficient quality of the seed supply at high sowing speeds, excessive air flow, the need for careful sealing of the seed and pressure chamber.

The objective of the present invention is to improve the quality of seed metering at high rotation speeds of the sowing disk while reducing excess pressure and air flow.

The task is achieved by the fact that on the circumference of the centers of the metering elements of the vertical metering disk, protrusions made of elastic material are placed equidistant between them. The width and height of the protrusions is not less than the maximum size of the seeds of the sown culture. In this case, the walls of the protrusions from the side of the metering elements of the sowing disk are made radially, and in the housing in front of the zone of discharge of seeds into the coulter along the arc of the concentric axis of rotation of the sowing disk, a transport channel with an elastic coating of the walls is made. Also, a groove is made in the base of the housing for the passage of the protrusions of the vertical seed disc, the groove length being equal to the distance between the protrusions. The central angle of the transport channel is not less than the double angle between adjacent protrusions of the sowing disk. The radial section of the protrusions in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the vertical seed disc copies the cross section of the transport channel. And the walls of the protrusions, conjugated with the walls of the transport channel, are made along radii smaller than the radii of the walls of the transport channel by the amount of gaps of 0.03 ... 0.05 mm.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a pneumatic metering device, figure 2 is a diagram of a pneumatic metering device, section aa in figure 1, figure 3 is a diagram of a vertical metering disk.

The pneumatic metering device includes (Fig. 1) a housing 1 in which a vertical metering disk 3 with metering elements 4 having openings is mounted and fixed on a horizontal drive shaft 2. Equally distant between the metering elements 4 there are protrusions 5 made of an elastic material. The width b and height h (Fig. 3) of the protrusions 5 are not less than the maximum seed sizes of the sowing culture, while the walls of the protrusions 5 from the side of the metering elements of the vertical metering disk 3 are made radially, and the walls perpendicular to them are bounded by circles concentric with the axial circumference of the metering centers elements. In the housing 1, there is a seed and pressure chamber 6. In front of the zone of discharge of seeds into the opener, along the arc concentric with the axis of rotation of the sowing disk, there is a transport channel 7, in which there is an insert made of elastic material 8, repeating the shape of the transport channel 7. Also at the base of the housing 1, a groove 9 is made for the passage of the protrusions 5 of the vertical seed disk 3, and the length of the groove 9 is equal to the distance between the protrusions 5. The central angle α (Fig. 1) of the transport channel 7 is not less than the double angle 2β (Fig. 3) between the centers of adjacent protrusions 5 Vertical, seed disc 3. This radial cross-section of the projections 5 in the plane perpendicular to the vertical sowing disc 3, copies the cross section of the transport channel 7 and the projections of the wall 5, with associated transport channel walls 7 are formed along the radii r ₁ and r ₂ ( figure 3) smaller radii R ₁ and R ₂ (figure 1) of the walls of the transport channel 7 by the value of the gaps of 0.03 ... 0.05 mm The radius of the axial circle R _{K of the} transport channel 7 (FIG. 1) coincides with the radius of the concentric circle R _O (FIG. 3) of the metering elements 4 and the protrusions 5 located on the vertical metering disk 3. The seed and pressure chamber 6 of the pneumatic metering device is communicated through the inlet a window (not shown) with a hopper 10 (figure 2). Also, the seed and pressure chamber 6 is connected to an injection source (not shown) through the channel 11 to create excess air pressure. The vertical metering disk 3 in the housing 1 is sealed with a gasket 12 (figure 2), which is fixed by the cover 13.

Pneumatic metering device operates as follows.

From the hopper 10, the seeds through the inlet window enter the seed and pressure chamber 6. From the injection source (not shown) through the overpressure channel 11, air is supplied to the seed and pressure chamber 6 of the pneumatic metering device. When the vertical sowing disk 3 rotates the seeds, under the influence of lateral seed pressure in the layer and forces created by the difference in air pressure in the seed and pressure chamber 6 and outside the apparatus body 1, the metering elements 4 are filled. The filled metering elements 4 move to the transport channel 7. When the passage of the overpressure channel 11 by the air flow removes excess seeds from the metering elements 4. Once in the transport channel 7, the filled metering element 4 is completely cut off from the overpressure by the protrusion 5, so that The radial section of the protrusions 5 in the plane perpendicular to the plane of the vertical seed disk 3 copies the cross section of the transport channel 7.

In the transport channel 7, at atmospheric pressure, the seeds move to the outlet, to the discharge point into the coulter, under the action of the protrusions 5. In this case, the protrusions 5 and the insert 8 of the transport channel 7, made of elastic material, eliminate damage to the seeds during transportation and reduce air loss . Also, a groove 9 is made at the base of the housing for the passage of the protrusions 5 of the vertical metering disk 3, the length of the groove 9 being equal to the distance between adjacent protrusions 5. Thus, when any protrusion 5 of the vertical metering disk 3 leaves the groove 9, the next protrusion 5 overlaps groove 9, which eliminates the rash of seeds through the groove 9.

Information sources

1. AS of the USSR No. 1036273, class A01C 7/04, 1983.

2. RU No. 2257043, cl. A01C 7/04 - prototype.

Claims (1)

Pneumatic metering device, including a hopper, housing, seed and pressure chamber, a vertical metering disk with metering elements having holes, an overpressure channel, a drive shaft in the rotational movement of the metering disk, characterized in that on the circumference of the centers of the metering elements of the vertical metering disk between them, protrusions made of elastic material are placed, and the width and height of the protrusions is not less than the maximum size of the seeds of the sowing culture, while the walls The protrusions on the part of the metering elements of the sowing disk are made radially, and a groove is made in the base of the housing, the groove length being equal to the distance between the protrusions, also in the housing in front of the seed discharge into the coulter along an arc concentric with the axis of rotation of the sowing disk, a transport channel with an elastic wall coating , the central angle of which is not less than the double angle between adjacent protrusions of the sowing disk, while the radial section of the protrusions in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the vertical sowing disk, Relying transport channel cross section and wall projections conjugate to the walls of the transport channel are formed by radii smaller than the radius of the walls of the channel by the value of gaps of 0.03 ... 0.05 mm.

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