RU2787370C1 - Pneumatic seeding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for sowing crop seeds. Pneumatic sowing device contains a hermetic hopper, a housing with a drive shaft, a combined seed and pneumatic chamber in the housing between two seeding discs with dosing elements installed on both sides of the drive shaft, an excess pressure pipe and two intake devices. Inside the housing, at each sowing disc, on the side of the hopper attachment, there is a cleaner, and behind it, in the direction of rotation of the sowing disc, a protective screen is installed in front of the intake device. In the cleaner and the protective screen, on the sides facing the working plane of the sowing disc, windows are made for the passage of dosing elements, the width of which is not less than the maximum diameter of the dosing elements. On the sowing disc, in addition to the metering elements, concentric rows of recesses are made, and the radius of one of them coincides with the radius of the circumference of the metering elements, and the recesses themselves are located between the metering elements. In the rest of the rows, adjacent recesses may touch, partially overlap or be located with a gap to each other. The rows of recesses may be spaced less than, greater than, or equal to the size of the recesses. Accordingly, a hermetic hatch for unloading seeds from the apparatus is made in the lower part of the apparatus body.

EFFECT: invention will improve the quality of seeding and improve the ergonomics of the device.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to machines for sowing crop seeds.

Known pneumatic sowing apparatus containing a hopper, a housing with a drive shaft, seed and pressure chambers, a vertical seeding disc with metering elements with through holes, an overpressure channel and an intake device [RF patent No. 2263434, IPC A01C 7/04, publ. 10.11.2005 Bull. No. 31].

The disadvantage of this invention is that the sowing machine cannot provide a uniform supply of low-flowing seeds and the supply of seeds in two rows.

The closest to the proposed technical solution, of the known, is a pneumatic seeding machine containing a hopper, a housing with a drive shaft, a seed chamber and an overpressure chamber, an overpressure pipe, an intake device, while the seed chamber and the overpressure chamber are combined and located inside the housing between two sowing discs, which are installed on both sides of the drive shaft with the ability to move along its axis, two grooves are eccentrically made on the drive shaft, in which there are connecting ends of the vault destroyer, located in the inlet window of the housing, also on the drive shaft between the vault destroyer and the sowing disks two seed agitators are installed, on the outer side of the sowing discs there are covers that fix gaskets at the end surface of the sowing discs, each of which contains a protrusion located in the tangential direction from the intake device tube to the level of seeds in the seed chamber, with In this case, similar protrusions are made in the covers, and on the tubes of the seed intake devices, from the side facing the drive shaft, cut-off plates are cantilevered, the free ends of which are adjacent in the upper part of the sowing unit to the concentric axis of rotation of the trajectory of movement of the edges of the sowing metering elements closest to the drive shaft disks [RF patent No. 2649332, IPC A01C 7/04, publ. 04/02/2018 Bull. No. 10].

The disadvantages of this invention is that the sowing discs do not have enough effect on the seed material, and it is also possible to supply excess seeds by the disc to the intake device of the apparatus.

The objective of the present invention is to improve the quality of sowing seeds by providing better filling of the dosing elements and removing excess seeds to prevent spontaneous ingress of seeds into the intake device, as well as improving the ergonomics of the device through the use of a sealed hatch for unloading seeds from the device.

The task is achieved by the fact that the pneumatic seeding machine contains a sealed hopper, a housing with a drive shaft, a combined seed and pneumatic chamber in the housing between two seeding discs with metering elements installed on both sides of the drive shaft, an excess pressure pipe and two intake devices. At the same time, a cleaner is located inside the housing at each sowing disc on the side of the hopper attachment, and behind it, in the direction of rotation of the sowing disc, a protective screen is installed in front of the intake device. In the cleaner and the protective screen, on the sides facing the working plane of the sowing disc, windows are made for the passage of dosing elements, the width of which is not less than the maximum diameter of the dosing elements. On the sowing disc, in addition to the metering elements, concentric rows of recesses are made, and the radius of one of them coincides with the radius of the circumference of the metering elements, and the recesses themselves are located between the metering elements. In the rest of the rows, adjacent recesses may touch, partially overlap or be located with a gap to each other. The rows of recesses may be spaced at distances less than, greater than, or equal to the size of the recesses. Accordingly, a hermetic hatch for unloading seeds from the apparatus is made in the lower part of the apparatus body.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a pneumatic seeding machine.

Pneumatic seeding machine, contains a sealed hopper (not shown), a housing 1 with a drive shaft 2, a combined seed and pneumatic chamber in the housing 1 between two seeding discs 3 (one not shown for clarity), which are installed on both sides of the drive shaft 2, a branch pipe excess pressure 4 and two intake devices 5. Inside the housing 1, at each sowing disc 3, on the side of the hopper attachment, there is a cleaner 6, and behind it, in the direction of rotation of the sowing disc 3, a protective screen 7 is installed in front of the intake device 5, and on each sowing disc 3, dosing elements 8 are made. At the same time, in the cleaner 6 and the protective screen 7, from the sides facing the working plane of the sowing disk 3, windows are made for the passage of dosing elements 8, the width of which is not less than the maximum diameter of the dosing elements 8. The dosing element 8 is made air outlet hole 9. Concentric rows of recesses 10, 11 and 12 are made on the sowing disc 3. The radius of the row of recesses 10 coincides with the radius of the circumference of the location of the metering elements 8, and the recesses 10 themselves are located between the metering elements 8, in the rows of recesses 11 and 12 adjacent recesses can touch, partially overlap or be performed with a gap to each other. In the lower part of the body 1 of the device, a sealed hatch 13 is made for unloading seeds from the device, and on the left side there is a flange of the hopper neck 14.

Pneumatic seeding machine works as follows.

From the hermetic hopper, the seeds flow by gravity through the inlet of the flange 14 (figure 1) into the housing 1. Air is also supplied there from the overpressure pipe 4, with which the sowing discs 3 are pressed against the gaskets, eliminating air leakage from the housing 1. Penetrating through the outlet 9 into the atmosphere, the air flow presses the seed against the dosing element 8 of the sowing disks 3. When the sowing disks 3 rotate, the seeds in the dosing elements 8 are transported to the cleaner window 6, where the surfaces of the sowing disks 3 are cleaned, and the seeds located in the recesses 10, 11 and 12 move in the seed layer, activating it and giving the seeds an orientation that facilitates their capture by dosing elements 8. When leaving the common layer, the seeds fall out of the recesses 10, 11 and 12 without reaching the cleaner 6. Further, the seeds located in the dosing elements 8 pass into the window of the protective screen 7, which prevents accidental penetration of seeds into the intake devices 5. Then the seeds, located in the dosing elements 8 are fed to the intake devices 5, through which they are delivered by air flows to the seed ducts and further to the coulter furrows. If it is necessary to unload seeds from housing 1, a sealed hatch 13 opens.

Claims (1)

Pneumatic seeding machine containing a sealed hopper, a housing with a drive shaft, a combined seed and pneumatic chamber in the housing between two seeding discs installed on both sides of the drive shaft, an overpressure pipe and two intake devices, characterized in that each seeding disc is inside the housing a cleaner is located on the mounting side of the hopper, and behind it in the direction of rotation of the sowing disc in front of the intake device, a protective screen is installed, and in the cleaner and the protective screen from the sides facing the working plane of the sowing disc, windows are made for the passage of dosing elements, the width of which is not less than the maximum diameter of the metering elements, in addition, concentric rows of recesses are made on the sowing disk, and the radius of one of them coincides with the radius of the circumference of the location of the metering elements, and the recesses themselves are located between the metering elements, and in the remaining rows there are the laid recesses can touch, partially overlap or be located with a gap to each other, while the rows of recesses can be located at a distance less, greater or equal to the size of the recesses, in addition, a sealed hatch is made in the lower part of the apparatus body for unloading seeds from the apparatus.

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