RU2158494C2 - Seeding unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: seeding unit has seed hopper, seeding cylinder with seed suction openings, and excessive seed baffling device made in the form of friction plates positioned at opposite sides of seed suction openings. Seeding cylinder has peripheral cells provided with perforated depressions. Perforations in cell depressions are communicated with vacuumizer. Seeding unit of such construction allows capacity to be increased by 3-4 times without effectuating constructional changes in seeding unit casing of existing pneumatic precise drill. EFFECT: increased efficiency and simplified construction. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to sowing devices.

 Known sowing apparatus of the cellular-disk type, comprising a disk with cells mounted vertically, and a paddle seed agitator / 1 /.

 A disadvantage of the known design is the low accuracy of sowing seeds and their trauma at the recommended sowing speeds of the aggregate of 10-12 km / h on an insufficiently leveled soil surface, since the seeds that have passed the upper point of the rotating disk are not shaken from the cells one at a time, but several at a time and the uniformity of sowing between plants in a row is not maintained.

 The closest in technical essence to the claimed device and adopted for the prototype is a sowing apparatus, including a hopper for seeds, a sowing drum with holes for sucking seeds, the reflector of the extra seeds made in the form of friction plates located on different sides of the suction holes / 2 /.

 The disadvantage of this sowing apparatus is that when sowing crops with large seeds, for example soybeans, the mass of 1000 seeds of which reaches 300 g, the seeds are shaken from the smooth surface of the disk back into the nutrient chamber, and seedlings are thinned out. In order to obtain a given seeding rate, it is necessary to reduce the speed of the sowing unit to 3 km / h, which reduces labor productivity and increases costs.

 The purpose of the invention is the expansion of technological capabilities of the sowing apparatus, improving the reliability of operation at high speeds without structural changes of existing seeders - SPCh-6M, SUPN - 8, etc. This goal is achieved by the fact that a vertically located smooth cylinder is replaced by a cylinder with cells in the recess of which holes are made that communicate with the rarefaction chamber of the metering unit. In this case, the capture and supply of seeds by the cylinder will be carried out both due to the vacuum through the holes in the cells, and due to the cells where the sucked seeds will fall.

 In FIG. 1 shows a sowing apparatus of a pneumatic precision seeder; in FIG. 2-4 - sowing cylinder with cells and holes in the recess of the cell.

 The apparatus contains a metering cylinder with cells on the periphery 1 (Fig. 1-4), in the recess of which the holes are conical in shape 2 and there is a groove 15 for the scraper 10, which cuts the debris stuck in the holes, and the conical shape of the holes allows the passage of the remaining debris particles or crushed seeds and their removal with air flow. The cylinder is installed in the housing 3 of the metering unit (Fig. 1) on a horizontal shaft. The seed hopper 5 is mounted on the housing 3, the seed supply is regulated by a partition 4, the seeds enter the feeding chamber 6 and are attracted to the holes 2, which communicate with the discharge chamber 7. In the upper part of the housing there is a reflector 8, which removes the excess seeds, and in the lower parts - a vacuum interrupter 9 and a scraper 10. A sealing washer 11, a drive sprocket 12 and an opener 13 are installed between the housing and the vacuum chamber.

 The metering device operates as follows. The seeds that are poured into the hopper 5 are poured into the feeding chamber 6, the filling level of which is regulated by the unloading partition 4, and are located in the lower part of the cylinder 1. When the cylinder 1 is rotated, the seeds are sucked into the holes 2 located in the recesses of the cells and transferred to the opener 13. The vacuum interrupt 9 closes vacuum and provides a free fall of seeds in the opener 13. Chistik 10, located under the cylinder 1 in the groove 15 after the vacuum interrupter 9, removes the protruding part of the debris stuck in the holes 2 of the cylinder ra 1.

 If you need to increase the seeding rate, the holes on the cylinder can be arranged in several rows.

 The use of this sowing device on seeders will increase the reliability and productivity of the sowing unit by 3 to 4 times without structural changes to the body of the sowing device of the existing pneumatic precision seeders SUPN-8, SPCh-6, SUPO, etc.

Sources of information
1. USSR author's certificate N 368824, cl. A 01 C 7/16, 1971 (BI N 10, 1973).

 2. Copyright certificate SU N 177699, cl. A 01 C 7/04 (publ. 18.12.65) 5

Claims (1)

 The sowing apparatus, comprising a seed hopper, a sowing cylinder with holes for sucking seeds, a reflector of excess seeds, made in the form of friction plates located on different sides of the suction holes, characterized in that the sowing cylinder is made with cells along the periphery and holes in the recess of the cells, which communicate with the vacuum chamber.

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