RU2792725C1 - Heat-insulating facade construction panel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building materials.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the production of building materials for the construction of external enclosing structures of residential, non-residential, industrial buildings and structures, as well as low-rise individual housing construction. The technical result is an increase in performance parameters. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the building panel consists of four layers interconnected by transversely pierced rods of fiberglass reinforcement, the length of which corresponds to the thickness of the wall panel, and the reinforcement rods are installed in three rows of five pieces in each row, while the first layer is external and is a facade front layer, having a thickness of 3-4 cm and consisting of coloured concrete, while chamfers are made along the perimeter of the front layer, the second layer is a load-bearing part 10 cm thick and consists of expanded clay concrete mixture M100-M150, the third layer is a layer of insulation and consists of mineral wool or expanded polystyrene used for facade insulation and having an appropriate density, the fourth layer consists of expanded clay concrete mixture M100-M150 and has a thickness of 18 to 50 cm, while on the upper and lower surfaces of the wall panel, as well as on the end surfaces there are recesses in the form of grooves and protrusions in the form of ridges, while on the inner surface of the wall panel there are grooves-recesses for laying utilities.

EFFECT: technical result is an increase in performance parameters.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the production of building materials for the construction of external enclosing structures of residential, non-residential, industrial buildings and structures, as well as low-rise individual housing construction.

The objective of the invention is the manufacture of a new building material - medium-sized four-layer building panels (as opposed to small-sized building materials - brick, foam block, expanded clay block and large-sized building materials - wall panels of KPD-large-panel housing construction), from which buildings and structures can be erected. This new building material provides high performance, such as heat and sound insulation, strength, durability, and is also environmentally friendly and safe.

Traditionally, building materials such as brick, expanded clay block, foam concrete or gas silicate block are used in construction. The disadvantages of these building materials is the complexity of installation - a large amount of manual labor is required. All these building materials must be laid by hand. In addition, after the so-called rough masonry, it is also necessary to finish the facade of the building and insulate it. As a rule, this is laying a layer of facing bricks on the outside of the building, either plastering and painting, or sheathing with siding, wall panels, decorative facade tiles, etc. All this is an extremely time-consuming and expensive process. Recently, a new building material for building walls has appeared in construction - a heat block. It consists of three layers - the outer one, which has already completed the front finish of the facade part, the middle heat-insulating layer (as a rule, it is foam) and the inner carrier layer. Such blocks partially solve the problem with insulation and facade decoration, since all these elements are in one block. But the problem with labor intensity and inefficient manual labor, nevertheless, remains. Such a heat block weighs at least 22 kg, so its manual installation is very difficult. Another problem of heat blocks are cold bridges - inter-block seams, which consist of only one cement mortar and have a very high coefficient of thermal conductivity, which means they can freeze through.

A new building material for wall construction - Building panel with built-in thermal insulation and finishing of the facade (Building panel heat-insulating facade-SPTF), - solves all of the above problems.

The panel has dimensions - length 120cm, height 60cm. The thickness of the panel can vary from 40 cm to 60 cm or more, depending on the number of storeys of the building, the type of floors and other parameters.

SPTF consists of four layers

SPTF device.

The 1st outer layer is the facade front layer. It has a thickness of 3-4 cm and consists of concrete painted in a certain color. Has a smooth or textured surface, depending on the chosen design. Along the perimeter of the front layer there are bevelled corners (chamfers).

The 2nd layer has a thickness of 10 cm and consists of expanded clay concrete mixture M100-M150. (The composition of the mixture is 80% expanded clay, 20% sand and gravel mixture, cement, water). The composition of the mixture may vary depending on the specified parameters.

The 3rd layer has a thickness of 10 cm (100 mm) and consists of a mineral wool insulation with a density of 140-160 kg per 1 cubic meter. At the same time, it should be noted that the standard size of mineral wool sheets is 120 by 60 cm, which corresponds to the size of the building panel.

The 4th layer consists of expanded clay concrete mixture M100-M150. The thickness of this layer varies from 18 to 50 cm and depends on the specified parameters (height of the building, type of floors, etc.).

All layers of SPTF are pierced in the transverse direction with rods of fiberglass reinforcement with a diameter of 8-12 mm. The length of the reinforcement rods corresponds to the thickness of the wall panel. The fittings are installed in three rows of 5 pieces in each row, i.e. the total number of rods is 15 pieces. Reinforcement securely connects all 4 layers of the wall panel.

On the upper and lower surfaces of the wall panel, as well as on the end surfaces, there are recesses (grooves) and protrusions (ridges) - along the entire outer perimeter in two rows (Fig.). One row is on the 2nd layer of the panel, the other row is on the 4th layer. The groove is located on the bottom of the panel and on its left side from the end. The comb, respectively, on the top of the panel and on its right side from the end. When installing the panels, the groove enters the crest and thus a tight connection occurs, preventing the appearance of cold bridges.

Each SPTF panel receives its own unique number during production and is designed for installation in its strictly defined place. Therefore, recesses are made on the inner surface of the panel for laying various communications (electrical wiring, heating pipes, etc.), as well as round recesses for installing sockets in those places where it is necessary according to the project (see photo Fig.2). This will subsequently greatly simplify the finishing work - there will be no need to ditch the walls and drill recesses for sockets, switches, electrical wiring, etc. in them.

In addition to ordinary panels, corner panels are produced. Their dimensions and arrangement are similar to ordinary panels, with the only difference that the right or left end part is made in the same way as the facade front part.

In addition, window sill panels and window lintel panels are produced. The difference between window sill panels and ordinary panels is that their height is not 600 mm, but 400, 300 or 200 mm, depending on the project. Overhead lintel panels differ from ordinary panels in their length. The length of such a panel is 240cm (2400mm) in case the width of the window opening is more than 1 meter. In the window panels, in addition to transverse reinforcement, there are also six rods of longitudinal reinforcement with a diameter of 16 mm.

In the second layer - 3 rods of fiberglass reinforcement and in the fourth layer - 3 rods of metal reinforcement. At the same time, the facade part in its appearance imitates two ordinary SPTF panels.

The production of SPTF is carried out by the method of layer-by-layer vibrocasting into special molds. This ensures high strength and precise geometry of the panels. The method and technology for the production of these panels is not the subject of this application for an invention, therefore, a detailed description of the technology for the production of SPTF is not given in this abstract.

Installation of SPTF.

One of the fundamental advantages of SPTF in comparison with traditional building materials is the ease of installation. Installation is carried out using a crane-manipulator. The weight of each panel is approximately 250 kg. The panels are delivered to the construction site using a truck with a manipulator. Using the same manipulator, the panels are mounted directly from the car body onto the wall under construction. This installation method is used in low-rise construction (up to 2 floors). When mounting to a greater height, a conventional crane or a construction winch is used. When installing for masonry, cement-based mounting adhesive of the Plano Fix type (or equivalents) is used, which is applied with a special dispenser. In this case, the groove-ridge recess is filled with mounting foam or urethane foam adhesive. This guarantees against the appearance of cold bridges. One SPTF panel replaces 18 standard expanded clay concrete blocks (20 by 20 by 40 cm in size) or 126 bricks in volume. Installation of one panel does not exceed 2-3 minutes.

Brief description of the drawings.

Photo fig. 1. Appearance of the front part of one of the prototypes of SPTF. On this sample, the facade part is not painted and has a natural gray color.

Photo fig. 2. The inner part of the SPTF. The panel has a built-in socket and cable channel. Drawing Fig.3

A-1st layer, finishing, front part (consists of colored concrete). B-2nd layer, expanded clay concrete mix M100

C-3rd layer, high-density mineral wool insulation (140-160 kg per 1m ³ ) D-4th layer, expanded clay concrete mix M100

Claims (1)

A building panel characterized by the fact that it consists of four layers interconnected by transversely pierced fiberglass reinforcement rods, the length of which corresponds to the thickness of the wall panel, and the reinforcement rods are installed in three rows of five pieces in each row, while the first layer is the outer and represents a facade front layer having a thickness of 3-4 cm and consisting of colored concrete, while chamfers are made along the perimeter of the front layer, the second layer is a bearing part 10 cm thick and consists of expanded clay concrete mixture M100-M150, the third layer is a layer insulation and consists of mineral wool or expanded polystyrene used for facade insulation and having an appropriate density, the fourth layer consists of expanded clay concrete mixture M100-M150 and has a thickness of 18 to 50 cm, while on the upper and lower surfaces of the wall panel, as well as on end surfaces have recesses in the form of grooves and protrusions in the form of a comb it, while on the inner surface of the wall panel there are grooves-recesses for laying engineering communications.

Images