RU2791019C1 - Tropical crayfish mixed fodder with opoka, a complex mineral additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fish farming.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fish farming, in particular to tropical crayfish artificial feed. Mixed fodder contains the following ingredients: fish meal 20%, gammaru flour 10%, wheat 15%, peas 15%, fodder yeast 10%, oak leaves 6%, boiled carrot 6%, parsley 6%, calcium 6%, opoka 5%, premix 1%.

EFFECT: invention provides for improving mixed fodder quality.

1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of fish farming, in particular to artificial feed for tropical crayfish and solves the problem of improving the quality of artificial feed for crustaceans.

Known feed for tropical crayfish and freshwater shrimp (see patent 2437566. Feed for tropical crayfish and freshwater shrimp / Lagutkina L.Yu., Ponomarev S.V., Pakhomov M.M.; Appl. 28.06.2010; publ. 27.12. 2011), containing fish oil (13%), algae meal (15%), vitamin premix (1%), mineral supplements (1%), feed additive from the dried biomass of plant and animal plankton of pond ecosystems (70%).

The disadvantages of the analogue object is the difficulty in obtaining the main component of the feed - the feed additive from the dried biomass of plant and animal plankton of pond ecosystems, due to the rare descent of water in the pond areas.

The closest, taken as a prototype, is the compound feed for crustaceans from Tetra - Tetra Crusta Menu (see article Optimization of Australian crayfish feeding technology using experimental feed formulations. / Lagutkina L.Yu., Matryanov A.S., Stepanov R. V., Sheikhgasanov K. G. Bulletin of ASTU Ser.: Fisheries, 2016. No. 1. P. 77-87).

However, the known food cannot be used due to inefficiency, since the main components of the food are color enhancers that provide a beautiful color and presentability of the species, which is necessary only for decorative content in aquariums.

The essence of the invention is as follows: the flask, proposed by us as a complex feed additive to the food for tropical crayfish, is a natural mineral, mainly opal, which has a large volume of sorption space, high specific surface area and porosity, and acts as a high-quality sorption raw material with high the content of amorphous silica (see dissertation ... Neutralization of wastewater from heavy metals under the action of ultrasound and disposal of anti-icing liquids using natural sorbents. Sharapova A.V. , 2015. - 114 p.). Opok of the Krasnoyarsk deposit of the Astrakhan region is represented by the following chemical composition:

Minerals are of great importance in feeding crayfish. They are part of the tissues and body fluids, take part in the synthesis of complex organic compounds that enhance the processes of digestion, absorption and assimilation of nutrients. When passing through the gastrointestinal tract, as a result of mechanochemical reactions, the flask regulates the salt balance of the body. It removes excess chemical elements and their compounds from the body, including carcinogenic ones, supplied with food, and replenishes it with the missing chemical components, as a result of which the viability of crustaceans increases, weight gain increases, and feed costs decrease. One of the useful properties of flasks is that they slow down the passage of food masses through the gastrointestinal tract, thereby creating conditions for a more complete absorption of nutrients.

Compound feed with the addition of flask is able to bind mycotoxins in feed (aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A), as well as heavy metal salts, radionucleins, chemical toxins and other metabolic products due to the huge sorbing surface.

Opok was introduced in addition to the main recipe in the form of fine dust. Cultivation and feeding of tropical crayfish was carried out according to the existing technology (see the book "River crayfish. Keeping and breeding" A.I. Rakhmanov. - M.: Aquarium-Print LLC, 2007. - 48 p.).

The efficiency of using feed with the addition of a complex mineral additive - flask was determined by survival rates, growth rate, mass accumulation coefficient, feed costs.

The technical task is to create a compound feed formula based on a complex mineral additive - a natural flask of the Kamennoyarsk deposit of the Astrakhan region, the adsorption and ion-exchange properties of which determine the use of this mineral in fish farming.

EFFECT: improving the quality of feed for tropical crayfish by using a complex mineral additive of natural origin.

The present invention improves the quality of artificial feed for tropical crayfish, in particular for the Australian red claw crayfish.

The proposed invention is carried out as follows: the proposed compound feed was made by a known method of wet pressing (see the book Ponomarev S.V. and others. Technologies for growing and feeding aquaculture objects in southern Russia. - Astrakhan: Nova Plus, 2002. - 212-222). The cultivation of crayfish was carried out in aquariums of a recirculating water supply system with a size of 70 × 40 × 50 cm, a volume of 150 liters. The water temperature in the aquariums was maintained within 26°C, the oxygen content - 5.5-7.1 mg/l, pH - 5.7-5.9.

The average weight of young crayfish at the beginning of the experiment was 0.65 g. The crayfish were fed according to two schemes: control and experiment. In the experimental group, 50 g of flask per 1 feed was added to the feed. The duration of the experiment was 30 days.

In the course of the research, it was found that the introduction of a complex mineral additive - flask into the feed, had a positive effect on the growth rates of juvenile crayfish, which was expressed in an increase in body weight gain compared to the control variant (without the addition of flask) by 2 g, a decrease in feed costs and overall improvement in other fish-breeding biological indicators (Table 1).

The addition of a flask, a complex mineral supplement, to the compound feed had a positive effect on the fish-breeding and biological indicators of crustaceans, and contributed to the improvement of the quality of the compound feed. Compound feed with the addition of flask is an adequate feed with a high productive effect, which confirms the 100% survival of objects, a high growth rate and a satisfactory condition of the body. The introduction of a complex mineral additive into the feed increases the efficiency of growing tropical crayfish.

Information sources

1. Patent 2437566. Compound feed for tropical crayfish and freshwater shrimp / Lagutkina L.Yu., Ponomarev S.V., Pakhomov M.M.; dec. 06/28/2010; publ. 12/27/2011.

2. Lagutkina L.Yu., Optimization of Australian crayfish feeding technology using experimental feed formulations / L.Yu. Lagutkina, A.S. Matryanov, R.V. Stepanov, K.G. Sheikhgasanov. Bulletin of ASTU. Ser.: Fisheries. 2016. No. 1. pp. 77-87.

3. Neutralization of wastewater from heavy metals under the action of ultrasound and utilization of anti-icing liquids using natural sorbents. Sharapova A.V. Diss. for the competition account step, Ph.D. chem. Sciences. - Ulyanovsk, USTU, 2015. - 114 p.

4. River crayfish. Keeping and breeding” A.I. Rakhmanov. - M.: Aquarium-Print LLC, 2007. - 48 p.

5. Ponomarev S.V. Technologies for growing and feeding aquaculture objects in the south of Russia. Astrakhan / S.V. Ponomarev, E.A. Gamygin, S.I. Nikonorov, E.N. Ponomareva, Yu.N. Grosescu, A.A. Bakharev. - M.: Nova plus, 2002. - 264 p.

Claims (1)

Compound feed for tropical crayfish, characterized by the fact that it includes high-protein fish meal, gammarus meal, wheat, peas, fodder yeast, oak leaves, boiled carrots, parsley, calcium, flask, premix in the following ratio of components, %: fish meal - 20% , gammarus flour - 10%, wheat - 15%, peas - 15%, fodder yeast - 10%, oak leaves - 6%, boiled carrots - 6%, parsley - 6%, calcium - 6%, flask - 5% , premix - 1%.