RU2790873C1 - High bed with soil temperature control - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: crop production.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of crop production. Proposed is a high bed with a system for regulating the soil temperature of the bed, containing an energy-intensive circuit, which includes: a fence made of solid material; planting soil is filled in the space limited by the fence; through channels having an input device and an output device of the air energy carrier; a fan heater, through which air is pumped and pumped through the through channels, while the high bed is made with the possibility of moistening its soil, characterized in that the fence is made in the form of a collapsible structure, consisting of modules assembled in a horizontal row, connected by means of connecting and corner units ; through channels are made in the form of internal longitudinal channels passing directly inside the modules, communicating with each other by means of branch pipes of the inlet and outlet devices, connecting and corner nodes; perforation holes are made in the modules for draining the water condensate formed during the cooling of the heated air during the transfer of heat to the soil and the space around the bed, moistening the soil of the bed; the high bed is configured to control the soil temperature of the bed until a temperature range favorable for plants is reached by pumping air with a fan heater in the heating or ventilation mode through internal through channels in its enclosure.

EFFECT: invention provides quick assembly and disassembly of the bed during its formation and changing the size of the bed in length and width, effective adjustable heating and cooling of the fertile soil layer of the high bed from the sides depending on its temperature level, effective moistening of the soil of the bed without the use of special equipment.

5 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The field of technology to which the invention belongs.

The invention relates to the field of crop production, and in particular to the design of seats for plants with soil temperature control beds, and can be used in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables and other plants

The level of technology.

From the prior art, the closest to the claimed technical solution is the technical solution under the RF patent for utility model No. 207703, Kapustin Oleg Viktorovich (RU), A01G 9/14, publ. 11/12/2021, which presents a description of a high bed - a greenhouse, consisting of a heat-intensive contour, which is a frame made of solid material, inside of which the planting soil is filled up, under which through ventilation ducts are laid, passing inside the frame, the ends of which go outside the soil, a fan is installed at the outlet of the central ventilation duct, additionally the central duct has a branch in the form of a side duct with an adjustable valve, water containers and a heating cable are also installed under the ground above the ducts, and a drip irrigation hose is laid on the soil surface, water to which is supplied by a pump installed in one of the containers with water, on top the ground frame is equipped with a vaulted ceiling made of a solid material having a light transmission capacity with opening individual segments, a heater and a lamp are installed under the ceiling arch, the frame is made ground with a wall height of 700 to 1200 mm. Common features that coincide with the essential features of the claimed invention are: a high bed; heat capacity circuit; a frame (namely, the side walls of the frame) made of solid material, in the space limited by which the planting soil is filled; through ventilation ducts; fan; garden irrigation device; the frame is made ground with a wall height of up to 1200 mm.

The technical problem that could not be solved using the closest analogue is that the described high bed device is unreasonably complex and expensive to manufacture and operate, given that the volume of possible, potentially obtained plant products will not be large, because . the device is small-sized, has a small footprint. The system of ventilation ducts of the bed provides mainly the accumulation of heat in the deep layers of the soil to reduce the air temperature in the greenhouse during the day in the heat, and increase it at night and does not provide effective heating of the fertile soil layer, since when heated air is supplied, there is only one vertical pipe ( central) ventilation duct can be hot, and in the two vertical ends of the vertical ducts coming out from the opposite side of the bed, the air enters already cooled after passing deep underground. However, for a high bed, in which the lateral surface has a much larger area, to protect against freezing and increase plant productivity, heating of the soil of the fertile soil layer from the sides is required. The bed device does not provide for the drainage of water condensate from the ventilation ducts, which is necessarily formed in the process of cooling the heated air. The garden bed is positioned as a mobile device, which, in particular, is hindered by the fact that a large amount of planting soil is required due to the high height of the walls (from 700 to 1200 mm) and a significant amount of work on its loading and unloading, which requires cost and time, as and the cost of acquiring and assembling an oversized fence. The minimum height of ordinary high beds is 150-200 mm, so that the sun, at least partially, warms up their fertile layer from the sides. The height of a full-fledged high bed is about 300 mm, so that the fertile soil layer is warmed up by the sun from the sides along its entire height. The presence of insulation along the contour of the fence (frame) of the device in the proposed bed-greenhouse increases costs and prevents the bed from heating the sun from the sides, incl. in the spring, which is one of the main reasons for the appearance of high beds and their advantage. The bed is equipped with an underground electric heating cable for heating the soil during the cold season, the acquisition, installation, protection and replacement of which usually requires a significant amount of earthwork and costs. In addition, the use of such a heating cable can only provide heating of the soil, but not cooling of its fertile layer in the heat, if necessary.

The technical result provided by the invention is the creation of a universal design of a high bed, providing for quick assembly and disassembly of the bed during its formation and changing the size of the bed in length and width, if necessary, effective adjustable heating and cooling of the fertile soil layer of the high bed from the sides, depending on the level its temperature, effective moistening of the soil of the bed without the use of special equipment.

The technical result is achieved by performing a high bed with a bed soil temperature control system containing an energy-intensive circuit, which includes: a fence made of solid material; planting soil is filled in the space limited by the fence; through channels having an input device and an output device of the air energy carrier; a fan heater, through which air is pumped and pumped through the through channels, while the high bed is made with the possibility of moistening its soil, while the fence is made in the form of a collapsible structure, consisting of modules assembled in a horizontal row, connected by means of connecting and corner units ; through channels are made in the form of internal longitudinal channels passing directly inside the modules, communicating with each other through branch pipes of the inlet and outlet devices, connecting and corner nodes; perforation holes are made in the modules for draining the water condensate formed during the cooling of the heated air during the transfer of heat to the soil and the space around the bed, moistening, at the same time, the soil of the bed; the high bed is configured to control the soil temperature of the bed until a temperature range favorable for plants is reached by pumping air with a fan heater in the heating or ventilation mode through the internal through channels in its enclosure. Quick assembly and disassembly of the bed during its formation and changing the size of the bed in length and width, if necessary, is provided by:

- the implementation of the fence in the form of a collapsible structure, consisting of modules assembled in a horizontal row, connected by means of connecting and corner nodes, which allows you to mount the garden fence of the required length and width, connecting, like a designer, horizontal modules of the same type into a single system. If it is necessary to increase or decrease the length and width of the beds, respectively, new modules of the required length are attached, or the previously installed ones are dismantled and (or) replaced.

Efficient adjustable heating and cooling of the soil of a high bed from the sides, depending on its temperature level, is provided by:

- the passage of the air injected and pumped by the fan heater in through channels made in the form of internal longitudinal channels passing directly inside the horizontal modules that make up the collapsible structure of the fence, communicating with each other through nozzles of the inlet and outlet devices, connecting and corner nodes,

- making a high bed with the ability to control the soil temperature of the bed until a temperature range favorable for plants is reached (ranging from 18 to 25 ° C) by pumping air with a fan heater in heating or ventilation mode through internal through channels in its enclosure.

Effective moistening of the bed soil without the use of special equipment is provided by:

- the execution of perforations located in the lower part of each coolant used for pumping, passing inside the module of the internal horizontal longitudinal channel, from the side facing the bed soil, to drain the water condensate formed when the heated air is cooled during heat transfer to the soil and the space around the bed , moisturizing, at the same time, the soil of the garden. The versatility of the design of the high bed is also ensured by the implementation of the fence as a multifunctional one, having the function of the fence itself, the function of a heat exchange device with the ability to control the temperature of the bed soil depending on its temperature level, and the function of watering the bed. Brief description of the drawings.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows a view of a high bed with a fence on top, in Fig. 2 shows a view of the node of the input and output device of the energy carrier from above, in Fig. 3 shows a side view of the energy carrier input and output device, in Fig. 4 shows a view of the connecting node of the fence of the beds from above (view A) and (view B) from the side, in Fig. 5 shows a view of the corner node of the fence of the bed with branch pipes having a solid semicircular shape, from above (view A), a view of the corner node of the fence of the bed with branch pipes, consisting of two parts connected at right angles, from above (view B), in Fig. 6 shows a cut (profile) of the prefabricated bed fence module with nozzles inserted into all its internal channels (view A), a cut (profile) of the prefabricated garden bed fence module with nozzles inserted into its internal channels through one (view B), cut (profile ) a prefabricated module inserted into single nozzles (view B).

The positions in the figures are:

1 - energy carrier input device,

2 - modules,

3 - connecting nodes of the garden fence,

4 - corner units of the garden fence,

5 - energy carrier output device,

6 - electric fan heater,

7 - branch pipes of the output device,

8 - branch pipes of the input device,

9 - bolts,

10 - screens,

11 - branch pipes of the connecting nodes of the garden fence,

12 - risers of the connecting nodes of the garden fence,

13 - risers of the corner units of the fence of the beds with a round section,

14 - branch pipes of the corner units of the garden fence, having a solid semicircular shape,

15 - branch pipes of the corner units of the garden fence, consisting of two parts connected at a right angle,

16 - risers of the corner units of the fence of the beds with a square section,

17 - perforations,

18 - collective designation of pipes (8) of the inlet and pipes (7) of the outlet devices, pipes (11) of the connecting pipes and pipes (14, 15) of the corner units of the fence,

19 - single branch pipes,

20 - planting soil (soil),

21 - fence,

22 - through channels.

Implementation of the invention.

At present, there is a steady tendency to increase the height of the beds and a wide, mass distribution of the so-called "high" beds, which is associated primarily with more efficient solar heating in the spring, especially from the sides, and the convenience of their maintenance. Such modern beds have a side surface of an enlarged (large) area, which requires heating them from the side as protection against the penetration of cold from the sides during frost or at night, creating favorable conditions for plants, increasing the growing season and yield.

The high bed contains an energy-intensive circuit, which includes a fence 21 made of solid material, planting soil 20 is filled into the space (internal volume) limited by the fence. The fence 21 is made in the form of a collapsible structure, consisting of modules assembled in a horizontal row 2, connected by means of connecting nodes of the fence of the beds 3 and corner nodes of the fence of the beds 4. Directly inside the modules 2 are internal longitudinal, through channels 22, having an arbitrary geometric shape in cross section, for example, rectangular, round, etc.

As modules 2, profiled molded products of a given length are used with longitudinal, through channels 22 passing inside them, while the modules have a rectangular geometric shape in cross section, and the internal, longitudinal, through channels 22 passing through them have an arbitrary cross section, in t .h. round, but mostly rectangular geometric shape. Modules 2 can be made of various rigid materials, such as metal, wood-polymer composite (WPC), etc. The most common is the use of modules made of wood-polymer composite for fencing beds, which has high strength, water and heat resistance and unaffected by temperature fluctuations. The width of such modules can be from 14 to 30 cm or more (enough for a high bed), and the thickness is from 2.5 to more than 5 cm. The modules are cut to a certain length. For the transverse sections of the fence, the beds can be used (in different combinations) modules with a length of, for example, 0.5 m, 0.75 m, 1 m, which are used separately or are made up with each other using the connecting nodes of the fence to obtain a bed of the desired width. For longitudinal sections of the bed fence, the modules can be cut into lengths, for example 1 m, 1.5 m, 2 m, 2.5 and 3 m, using which individually or by composing them with each other using connecting nodes, you can get a fence for beds of the desired length, for which, if necessary, individual modules can be additionally reduced in length (cut).

Through channels 22 connected along the perimeter of the fence 21 of the beds of modules 2 have an energy carrier inlet 1 and an energy carrier outlet 5. The number of channels is related to the number of longitudinal jumpers in the module, the number and thickness of which are usually determined based on the requirements of the required strength of the molded product. The height of the bed fence is a selectable value and is determined by the width of the modules, which can exceed 30 cm. An electric fan heater 6 is installed at the inlet of the energy carrier 5, through which an energy carrier is injected and pumped into the through channels 22, which is air, which can be "hot" when the fan heater is operating in the heating mode, used to heat the soil of the bed and protect against the penetration of cold from the sides during frost, or relatively “cold” when the fan heater is operating in the ventilation mode, because an enlarged (large) side surface of a high bed may require the soil to be cooled in the summer heat. Air is pumped through through channels 22 as a heat carrier in heating or ventilation modes to achieve soil temperature favorable for plants in the range of 18-25°C.

The through channels 22 communicate with each other by means of nozzles of the inlet device 8 and nozzles of the outlet device 7, nozzles of the connecting nodes 11 and nozzles of the corner nodes 14, 15 of the fence 21 of the beds.

The branch pipes of the corner nodes of the fence can have different shapes, so the pipes of the corner nodes of the fence 14 have a solid semicircular shape, and the pipes of the corner nodes of the fence 15 consist of two parts connected at a right angle. The semicircular shape of the nozzles reduces the aerodynamic resistance when pumping the coolant. The design of the row provides for different types of connections of modules with nozzles of inlet 1 and nozzles of outlet 5 devices, as well as nozzles of the connecting nodes of the bed fence 3 and the corner nodes of the bed fence 4, namely: 1st type of connection:

The nozzles of the inlet device 8 and outlet device 7, the nozzles of the connecting nodes 11 and the nozzles of the corner nodes 14, 15 of the garden fence are inserted into the internal through channels 22 located in the prefabricated modules 2, and are fixed in them with fasteners, for example, chatted 9. In this case the number of nozzles 18 (collective designation of nozzles (8) of the inlet and nozzles (7) of the outlet devices, nozzles (11) connecting and nozzles (14, 15) of the corner nodes of the fence) along the height of the fence of the bed can be equal (Fig. 6A) or less ( as required) of the number of internal through channels of the used prefabricated modules 2. For example, in FIG. 6B shows a section (profile) of a prefabricated module, a bed fence with branch pipes 18, which are inserted not into each internal channel along the height of prefabricated modules, but through one. This reduces the complexity and material consumption, and, consequently, the cost of the product.

2nd type of connection:

Modules 2 are inserted into single branch pipes 19 (Fig. 6B) of inlet device 1 and outlet device 5, single branch pipes 19 (Fig. 6B) of connecting nodes 3 and corner nodes 4 of the garden fence and are fixed in them with fasteners, for example, bolts 9.

The need to implement one or another type of connection depends on various factors, including the ability to use not all internal channels of the fencing modules for pumping the coolant, which is achievable with the 1st type of connection. This largely depends on the material of the modules. When using materials with high thermal conductivity, for example, metal, less thermal energy is required per unit area of the fence to achieve the same result, so a smaller number of internal channels of the fence modules are needed, through which the coolant is pumped.

In the manufacture (at the production stage) of the inlet and outlet devices, connecting and corner units of the steel fence, their branch pipes of any type mentioned (for the 1st type of connection and the 2nd type of connection), also made of steel, can be attached to them by welding to obtain these units in their final form.

When heating or cooling the soil of the bed, carried out around the entire perimeter of the bed, the input device of the energy carrier 1 and the output device of the energy carrier 5 are located side by side, forming a combined unit, and are connected by screens 10, while the screens 10 and the fence 22, consisting of assembled in one horizontal row modules 2, together cover the bed around the entire perimeter, form the soil of the bed, giving it a rectangular geometric shape in cross section. With a small bed size (with a small perimeter), the energy carrier retains its efficiency for heating or cooling the soil throughout its entire perimeter, for which one combined unit consisting of an input and output device is sufficient. When forming beds of large size (with a large perimeter and, accordingly, with a greater length of its fence), several combined units can be used, consisting of input and output devices of the energy carrier, to effectively provide the entire perimeter of the bed with energy. In this case, if the combined node must be placed in the corner of the fence, then such a node is selected in which the nozzles of the inlet device are located at an angle of 90 degrees to the nozzles of the outlet device, and if it is required to place the combined node on a straight section of the fence, then a node is selected in which the nozzles of the inlet and output devices are at an angle of 180 degrees. When placing such combined units outdoors, they can be equipped with umbrellas (light roof) to protect against rainfall. In the proposed design of a high bed, in the lower part of each internal channel 22 of modules 2 used for pumping the coolant, on the side of these modules facing the soil of the bed (in those sections of the modules where there is no connection between the modules and branch pipes), perforations 17 are made (Fig. 6), through which the water condensate formed in the internal through channels 22 when used as an energy carrier of hot (heated) air, cooled by transferring heat to the soil and the space around the bed, merges into the soil of the bed, thereby moistening it.

A raised bed with a bed temperature control system can be assembled as follows.

The fence 21 of the beds begin to be assembled by attaching to the assembly unit containing the input device 1 and the output device 5 by means of bolts 9 the module 2 of the longitudinal side of the fence 21 (to the branch pipes 8 or a single branch pipe 19) of the input device 1 and the module 2 of the transverse side of the fence 21 (to the branch pipes 7 or a single branch pipe 19) of the outlet device 5. At the same time, the connecting node 3 (to the module of the longitudinal side of the fence 21) and the corner node 4 (to the module of the transverse side of the fence 21) must already be connected to the opposite ends of these modules. On a dedicated plot of land prepared for a garden bed, the assembled part of the fence 21 is installed on the lower, pointed parts of the input 1 and output 5 devices, as well as the sharp ends of the riser 12 of the connecting node 3 and the riser 13 (with a circular section) or 16 (with a square section) of the angular node 4 fences 21 beds. Further, in a similar way (with the help of bolts), both longitudinal sides of the fence 21 are assembled, which along the length can be made up of several modules 2, depending on the required length of the beds. In this case, the required number of prefabricated modules 2 are connected using the required number of connecting nodes 3. In parallel (separately), using bolts 9, in a similar way, the second transverse part of the fence 21 is assembled, consisting of two corner nodes 4 and one prefabricated module 2 between them, which is further connected (and fixed) with the free ends of the prefabricated modules 2 of the resulting longitudinal sides of the fence 21. Thus, a horizontal row of fences 21 is formed along the entire perimeter. Further, the pointed parts of the input device 1 and the output device 5, as well as the sharp ends of all risers of the connecting 3 and corner 4 nodes of the garden fence, are driven (digged) into the ground. At the same time, the lower part of the modules 2 of the fence 21 of the beds must either rest on the ground or be immersed in it, that is, the fence of the garden along the entire perimeter limits its volume. The height, length, width of the fence 21 is determined by the height of the bed, which can exceed 30 cm (width of prefabricated modules 2), the length of the bed, which is determined by the planned crop volume and the layout of the land plot, the width of the high bed, which is determined by the convenience of its maintenance and is usually 50- 100, in extreme cases, not exceeding 120 cm. Then c. _; the installed bed fence is filled with planting soil 20, which finally forms the bed.

During the operation of the fan heater 6 installed on the inlet device 1, through this device into the through channels 22, communicating with each other through the pipes of the inlet device 1 and the outlet device 5, the pipes of the connecting nodes 3 and the pipes of the corner nodes 4 of the fence 21 of the beds, the air pumped through the entire perimeter of its fence 21, carrying out effective heating or cooling of the fertile soil layer of the bed from the sides. The fan heater 6, installed on the input device 1, pumps and pumps air in the heating or ventilation mode through the entire system of through channels 22, starting from the input device 1, through the internal through channels 22 along the height of the fence 21 of the garden along its perimeter and exits further through the outlet device 5.

The ventilation mode is necessary, because. the increased (large) side surface of a high bed may also require its soil to be cooled in the summer heat. When constructing a high bed in greenhouses, the air heated by the sun from under the roof of the greenhouse can be used to heat the soil without spending electricity on heating the air. In spring or autumn, when the soil of the beds is not warm enough, it can be heated, like a "heat accumulator" to a predetermined temperature, by warm daytime, ambient air (including to prepare for possible frosts at night) also without the use of heating the coolant with a fan heater, i.e. . without the corresponding costs for electricity, which is possible when constructing a high bed, including on open ground. Cooling of the bed soil in summer in the heat can be achieved by removing heat from the soil by high-speed air flow in the through channels of the bed fence in the absence of heating (in ventilation mode), especially when the soil heated during a hot day is cooled by cool evening or night air, and soil temperature decreases to a predetermined level. Thus, the proposed high bed device allows you to control the temperature of the soil by pumping the coolant in the heating or ventilation mode through internal communicating channels in horizontally oriented prefabricated modules from which its fence is assembled.

The soil temperature regulation offered in the high bed arrangement creates more favorable conditions for plants, especially during frost or heat, and provides protection from the penetration of cold or excessive heat into the beds from the sides, which is especially true for now popular raised beds. All this lengthens the growing season of plants, provides protection from frost and heat, and increases yield.

Warming up, as well as cooling, the fertile soil layer of high beds from the sides can be very effective, since for the purpose of ease of maintenance, their width (beds) is usually 50-100 cm, and in extreme cases not exceeding 120 cm. An electric heating cable that provides heating of the fertile soil layer from below does not require a significant amount of earthwork, there are no costs for the purchase of an electric heating cable, its installation, protection and replacement. In addition, the heating cable cannot provide soil cooling.

Favorable for the root system of plants is the temperature of the fertile soil layer at 18-25°C. Thus, the regulation of soil temperature is carried out in the mode of heating or cooling the soil of the fertile layer of the bed, when the soil temperature is outside this temperature range. Moreover, when heated from the sides of the bed, it is desirable to achieve an upper limit of soil temperature at the fence of 25 ° C, since it will be lower towards the center of the bed. And when cooling, on the contrary, it is desirable to achieve a lower limit of soil temperature at the fence of 18 ° C, since it will be higher towards the center of the bed. The temperature can be recorded with an ordinary thermometer or a temperature sensor.

Through the perforations 17 made in the modules 2 in the lower part of each horizontal channel 22 used for pumping the coolant on the side of these modules facing the soil of the bed (in those sections of the modules where there is no connection of the modules with branch pipes), the hot water formed during cooling passes into the soil. air (when air is used as a heat carrier) water condensate that moistens the soil and creates more favorable conditions for plants. In the proposed high bed device, heating and cooling of the soil of the bed from the sides can be carried out in combination with heating or cooling of the bed from below or from above using devices additionally used for this. A high bed can be arranged in greenhouses, greenhouses, on open ground.

Claims (5)

1. A high bed with a bed soil temperature control system, containing an energy-intensive circuit, which includes: a fence made of solid material; planting soil is filled in the space limited by the fence; through channels having an input device and an output device of the air energy carrier; a fan heater, through which air is pumped and pumped through the through channels, while the high bed is made with the possibility of moistening its soil, characterized in that the fence is made in the form of a collapsible structure, consisting of modules assembled in a horizontal row, connected by means of connecting and corner units ; through channels are made in the form of internal longitudinal channels passing directly inside the modules, communicating with each other through branch pipes of the inlet and outlet devices, connecting and corner nodes; perforation holes are made in the modules for draining the water condensate formed during the cooling of the heated air during the transfer of heat to the soil and the space around the bed, moistening the soil of the bed; the high bed is configured to control the soil temperature of the bed until a temperature range favorable for plants is reached by pumping air with a fan heater in the heating or ventilation mode through the internal through channels in its enclosure. 2. A high bed with a bed temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the modules are made in the form of profiled molded products of a given length, having a rectangular or round geometric shape in cross section. 3. A high bed with a bed temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal longitudinal channels passing inside the modules can have a cross section of different geometric shapes, including rectangular or round. 4. A high bed with a bed soil temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforations for draining water condensate are located in the lower part of each coolant used for pumping, passing inside the module of the internal horizontal longitudinal channel, from the side facing the soil of the bed . 5. A high bed with a bed temperature control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature range favorable for plants is in the range from 18 to 25°C.

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