RU207703U1 - High bed-greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture and is intended for growing plants. A greenhouse bed consists of a heat-intensive contour, which is a ground frame (tray) (1) made of solid material, with a wall height of 700 to 1200 mm, sheathed with insulation from the inside (2). Inside the frame (1), planting soil (3) is filled up, under which through ventilation ducts (4) are laid, passing inside the frame (1) along the bottom and along its walls, the ends of which go outside the soil (3). The ventilation ducts (4) serve to pass the heated air supplied by the fan (5) installed at the outlet of the central ventilation duct (6), which is also equipped with a temperature sensor (7), which allows the operation of the fan (5) to be regulated depending on the air temperature. In addition, the central channel (6) has a branch in the form of a lateral channel (8) extending to the outside of the circuit, at the end of which there is an adjustable valve (9) controlled by a humidity sensor (10) to maintain the humidity level and prevent the formation of condensation. Also, under the ground (3), above the channels (4), there are containers with water (11), used as a heat accumulator in the warm season, and a heating cable (12) for heating the ground in the cold season. A drip irrigation hose (13) is laid on the soil surface (3), water is supplied to it by a pump (14) installed in one of the tanks with water (11). From above, the ground frame (1) is equipped with a vaulted ceiling (15) made of solid material with light transmission capacity, with opening separate segments (flaps) (16), and serving as protection from direct sunlight, precipitation, and also allowing to keep warm air inside the device. Under the ceiling vault (15), a long-wave heater (17) and a lighting lamp (18) are installed, controlled by temperature (7), humidity (10) and illumination (19) sensors, which allow maintaining a given level of humidity, lighting and heat depending on the season and outdoor temperature. All sensors are synchronized with the central server (20), which monitors the state of humidity, illumination and temperature inside the device, by means of regulating the operation of the valve (9), fan (6), drip irrigation pump (14), heating cable (12), long-wave heater (17), lamps (18). 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture and is intended for growing plants.

A device for hydroponic plant cultivation is known, containing a housing with suspended polymer tubes, in which elements are placed to maintain the root system of plants, made in the form of an elastic ladder made of inflatable elements, also contains irradiators and a system for feeding a nutrient solution (USSR author's certificate N 1540739 , 07/02/90).

However, in typical greenhouses, the thermal volume and sown area are not used sufficiently, a sharp temperature drop between day and night is allowed, which negatively affects the plants.

Covered film greenhouses are known that allow a slight increase in the period of active temperatures (https://gardeck.ru/f/teplitsa_sale_sheet.pdf).

The disadvantages of the known greenhouses are the lack of stable heat sources.

The closest analogue is a solar bio-vegetarian, made up of inseparably structurally interconnected southern, covered with a top of a light-permeable shell, and northern, covered with an opaque shell, parts installed on the foundation part and foundation supports or without a foundation and equipped with heat accumulation and ventilation systems. and distribution of heat fluxes, microdroplet irrigation and lighting systems, as well as an automated control and microclimate control system, while the southern part is divided by vertical transparent partitions into autonomous sections in an amount selected in the range from 6 to 20 for growing environmentally friendly plants, and the northern part made up of four technical zones of the economic block, unequal in volume, a zone for packing, packaging and storage of finished products, a technological zone for the production of vermicompost with earthworms, an auxiliary zone for temporary storage of organic composites one hundred, bounded from the outside by an insulated wall, in the technological zone, technological beds filled with organic compost are equipped, separated by paths with the possibility of free movement of workers with mobile platforms on them (RU 131941, IPC A01G 9/14, publ. 09/10/2013).

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are the complexity of its design, which makes it difficult to assemble and disassemble a bio-vegetarian. In addition, there are no elements in the device that allow you to regulate the level of humidity inside the bio-vegetarian.

The challenge facing the author is to create a small-sized, economical, mobile, easy-to-use and productive device for year-round plant cultivation.

The problem is solved thanks to the inventive device for growing plants, in the form of a high bed-greenhouse.

A greenhouse bed consists of a heat-intensive contour, which is a ground frame (tray) (1) made of solid material, with a wall height of 700 to 1200 mm, sheathed with insulation from the inside (2). Inside the frame (1), planting soil (3) is filled up, under which through ventilation ducts (4) are laid, passing inside the frame (1) along the bottom and along its walls, the ends of which go outside the soil (3). The ventilation ducts (4) serve to pass the heated air supplied by the fan (5) installed at the outlet of the central ventilation duct (6), which is also equipped with a temperature sensor (7), which allows the operation of the fan (5) to be regulated depending on the air temperature ... Additionally, the central channel (6) has a branch, in the form of a side channel (8), extending to the outside of the circuit, at the end of which an adjustable valve (9) controlled by a humidity sensor (10) is installed, to maintain the humidity level and prevent the formation of condensation.

Also, under the ground (3), above the channels (4), there are containers with water (11), used as a heat accumulator in the warm season, and a heating cable (12) for heating the ground in the cold season. A drip irrigation hose (13) is laid on the soil surface (3), water is supplied to it by a pump (14) installed in one of the tanks with water (11). Above, the ground frame (1) is equipped with a vaulted ceiling (15) made of solid material with light transmission capacity, with opening separate segments (flaps) (16), and serving as protection from direct sunlight, precipitation, and also allowing to keep warm air inside the device. Under the ceiling vault (15), a long-wave heater (17) and a lighting lamp (18) are installed, controlled by temperature (7), humidity (10) and illumination (19) sensors, which allow maintaining a given level of humidity, lighting and heat, depending on the time year and outdoor air temperature. All sensors are synchronized with the central server (20), which monitors the state of humidity, illumination and temperature inside the device, by means of regulating the operation of the valve (9), fan (6), drip irrigation pump (14), heating cable (12), long-wave heater (17), lamps (18).

FIG. 1 shows the internal structure of the claimed utility model.

FIG. 2 and 2a show options for the appearance of the claimed utility model.

The way of working of a tall greenhouse bed:

In the daytime of the warm season, the sun's rays heat the air inside the device, which circulates through the ventilation ducts (4) due to the operation of the fan (5), thus air exchange takes place inside the device and the heat of the heated air is transferred to the heat-capacious circuit, while heating the containers with water (11), capable of taking and retaining heat, accumulating it during the day, with the subsequent release of this heat during the cold time of the day (at night).

On a sunny day of the cold season, the selection and accumulation of heat occurs in the same way. In the absence of sunlight, in frosty and cloudy weather, a long-wave heater (17) and a lighting lamp (18) that heat the air under the dome, and / or a heating cable (12) laid under the ground (3 ) and warming it up.

With a difference in night and day temperatures, condensation can form inside a high greenhouse bed and excessive humidity can appear; to solve this problem, an adjustable valve (9) controlled by a humidity sensor (10) is installed at the end of the side channel (8), brought out to the outside of the device. , which opens at high humidity and through which the air driven by the fan (5) is blown out of the device.

Irrigation of greenhouse beds, at any time of the year, can be carried out using a drip irrigation hose (13) installed on the ground surface.

The automatic operation of the process is ensured by a block of sensors (7,10,19) synchronized with the central server (20).

Due to this design, the greenhouse bed allows you to cool the overheated air during the day and heat the soil (3) during a sunny day, with the subsequent preservation and release of heat during the cold time of the day. In winter, heating can be provided by a long-wave heater (17), a lighting lamp (18), and / or a heating cable (12). The ground frame (1) makes it easy to disassemble and mount the device on any flat surface, without digging trenches and pouring the foundation, which makes it possible to talk about its mobility. The use of containers (11) with water as a accumulator of naturally heated air determines its efficiency. The height of the walls of the ground frame (1) from 700 to 1200 mm allows convenient and easy maintenance of the device, planting and harvesting, maintaining the natural, vertical position of a person, without unnecessary body movements, ensuring ease of use.

Thus, the task assigned to the author has been completed.

Claims (1)

A high bed-greenhouse, consisting of a heat-intensive contour, which is a frame made of solid material, inside of which the planting soil is filled, under which there are through ventilation ducts passing inside the frame, the ends of which go outside the soil, a fan is installed at the outlet of the central ventilation duct, additionally a central one the channel has a branch in the form of a side channel with an adjustable valve; tanks with water and a heating cable are also installed under the ground above the channels, and a drip irrigation hose is laid on the ground surface, water is supplied to it by a pump installed in one of the tanks with water, above is a ground frame equipped with a vaulted ceiling made of solid material with light transmission capacity with opening separate segments, a heater and a lamp are installed under the ceiling vault, characterized in that the frame is ground-based with a wall height of 700 to 1200 mm.

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