RU2787717C1 - A method for staged threshing of corn cobs and an apparatus for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agriculture. The method for a staged threshing of corn cobs includes feeding, batching and threshing of cobs in an axial-rotary threshing and separating device during the stages of primary, initial, main threshing and finishing threshing. The primary stage is performed during loading with orientation and batching of the cobs before they enter the threshing-separating device, and the stages of initial, main threshing and finishing threshing is performed directly in the axial-rotary threshing and separating device. The device for implementing the method for a staged threshing of corn cobs is made in the form of a set of machines and contains a platform (1), a container (2), a multi-handle orienting and batching loading device (5) and an axial-rotary threshing and separating device. The container (2) installed on the platform (1) has an inclined bottom and a folding tray (4) for unloading the cobs by gravity. The multi-handle orienting and batching loading device (5) is configured as an inclined profile tray with longitudinal streams and pivoting capes for orienting the cobs into a single position. The axial-rotary threshing-separating device is multi-sectional: the section of the initial threshing (7) is provided with spikes rigidly fixed on movable spring-loaded sections, the elongated main threshing section (8) has movable independent spikes placed on one half of the deck longitudinal, and on the other - transverse rows and pressed longitudinal and transverse pneumatic pads, respectively, and the shortened section of the hammer (9) has movable independent spikes arranged in transverse rows along the inner circumference and pressed transverse pneumatic pillows with a flexible bottom.

EFFECT: present invention minimizes grain damage, improves the device performance and reduces the energy consumption of the corn cobs threshing process.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for threshing corn cobs, which ensures minimal damage to the grain. The method of staged threshing of corn cobs contains the stages of primary, initial, main threshing and final threshing. The device for staged threshing of corn cobs is made in the form of a set of machines and contains a platform, a container, a multi-strand orientation-dosing loading device and a multi-section axial-rotary threshing-separating device.

A known method of threshing and cleaning grain and a device for its implementation [RU 2269887 C2, A01F 12/18 (2006.01), 20.02.2006], in which the material to be threshed is moved by air flow, while the design of the device contains a vortex tube, a blower and tangential outlet pneumatic pipelines.

A known method of threshing grain and a device for its implementation [SU 1375177 A1, A01D 91/00 (2000.01), A01F 12/18 (2000.01), 23.02.1988], in which the rotation of the threshed culture is carried out mechanically, together with its rotation by a gas stream, the design of the device contains grain receivers, a vortex tube with a nozzle output, a perforated diaphragm, a window with a shutter, an electric motor and a fan.

The main disadvantage of these devices is the high material consumption of the design, the high energy intensity of the process and the implementation of grain-damaging threshing in one stage with an irrational force effect, which is due to the desire to ensure complete threshing of chaotically moving cobs in a vortex tube in one cycle without prior preparation.

A threshing and separating device with a system for oriented supply of corn cobs for threshing is known [RU 171115 U1, A01F 11/06 (2006.01), 05/22/2017], in which the cobs are pre-orientated in space by an orienting-dosing device with blades driven by a traction worker organ, and then threshing in a threshing and separating device with a conical receiving, cylindrical main and cylindrical re-threshing parts of the deck. At the same time, the device comprises a receiving hopper for corn cobs, an orienting-dosing device, a deck, a rotor, a grain bin, a sieve, a fan, a frame and a mechanism for changing the angle of the threshing chamber relative to the horizon.

The main disadvantage of this device is the inability to supply corn cobs for threshing by gravity from containers, which, when loading the threshing machine with cobs by means of an orienting-dosing device with blades on a traction working body, leads to their fall from a great height and as a result increases grain damage. In addition, there is no primary stage of threshing cobs before they enter the threshing and separating device.

A device for the phased threshing of seed corn cobs is known [RU 196681 U1, A01F 11/06 (2006.01), 11.03.2020], in the loading device of which the corn cobs are partially threshed in the process of their orientation before being fed into the axial rotary thresher. In this case, the loading device contains a fan, a neck, a loading hopper and a tray, and the inner surface of the loading hopper is equipped with vortex air flow intensifiers in the form of rods.

The main disadvantage of this device is the inability to supply corn cobs for threshing by gravity from containers and the absence of a receiving part in an axial-rotary thresher, which reduces the efficiency of the primary stage of threshing the cobs before they enter the thresher and leads to an increase in grain damage, a decrease in device productivity and an increase in energy intensity. threshing process. In addition, there is no initial stage of threshing corn cobs in an axial rotary thresher.

The method of phased threshing of corn cobs and the device for its implementation are based on the task of minimizing grain damage, increasing the productivity of the device and reducing the energy intensity of the threshing process of corn cobs by sequentially performing the primary stage of threshing when unloading the container by gravity and orienting the corn cobs in a multi-strand orienting-dosing loading device, the initial stage of threshing through contact with rigidly fixed spikes on the spring-loaded sections of the deck, the main stage of threshing and final threshing through the action of movable independent spikes on elongated and shortened sections of the deck with pneumatic cushions.

This is achieved by the fact that the method of phased threshing of corn cobs contains the stage of primary threshing, which is carried out when unloading the container, orienting and dosing the cobs before they enter the threshing and separating device, and the stages of initial, main threshing and final threshing, which are carried out directly in the axial-rotary threshing and separating device. At the same time, the device for phased threshing of corn cobs is made in the form of a set of machines and contains a container installed on the platform, made with an inclined bottom and a folding tray for unloading the cobs by gravity, a multi-strand orientation-dosing loading device, made in the form of an inclined profile tray with longitudinal streams and rotary capes for orienting cobs in a single position, an axial-rotary threshing-separating device, made of a multi-section, and the initial threshing section is equipped with spikes rigidly fixed on movable spring-loaded sections, the elongated section of the main threshing is equipped with movable independent spikes placed on one half of the deck longitudinal, and on the other - transverse rows, and pressed longitudinal and transverse pneumatic cushions, respectively, and the shortened section of the final threshing machine is equipped with movable independent spikes spaced along the inner circumference of the transverse and rows and pressed transverse pneumatic cushions with a flexible bottom.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which show a device for the phased threshing of corn cobs:

fig. 1 - device for phased threshing of corn cobs in isometric view, side view;

fig. 2 - a fragment of half a deck with transverse rows of spikes in isometry, side view;

fig. 3 - a fragment of half a deck with longitudinal rows of spikes, side view;

fig. 4 - MSU rotor, side view.

The design of the device for the phased threshing of corn cobs is made in the form of a set of machines and consists of a platform 1 with a container 2 installed on it, made with an inclined bottom, a shutter 3 of the unloading window and a folding tray 4 for unloading the cobs by gravity, a multi-strand orienting-dosing loading device (ODZA ) 5, made in the form of an inclined profile tray with longitudinal streams and swivel capes for orienting the cobs in a single position, the loading tray 6 of the axial-rotary threshing and separating device (AMS), made multi-section, and the initial threshing section 7 is equipped with spikes rigidly fixed to movable spring-loaded sections. The elongated section of the main threshing 8 is equipped with movable independent spikes placed on one half of the deck in longitudinal rows, and on the other half - transverse rows, and pressed longitudinal and transverse pneumatic cushions, respectively, and the shortened section of the final threshing 9 is equipped with movable independent spikes spaced along the inner circumference in transverse rows and pressed transverse pneumatic cushions with a flexible bottom. The MSU rotor is made with three sections of winding. The first section of the rotor is made with a single-start tape winding, the second - with a multi-start bar winding with an increased pitch, the third - with a multi-start bar winding with a reduced pitch. The rotor drive is carried out from an electric motor and a gearbox of the drive station 10. In addition, the device is equipped with an air-sieve system 11 for cleaning grain and a sectional hopper 12 for collecting threshed grain.

Device for phased threshing of corn cobs works as follows. At the stage of primary threshing, a container 2 is installed on the platform 1, the shutter 3 is raised and the folding tray 4 is moved to the working position, while the cobs are taken out of the container in a continuous bulk by gravity through a height-adjustable window, then the bulk is distributed over the folding tray 4 and reduced in height, after which they are poured onto a multi-strand ODZA 5. Here, by means of the angle of inclination of the streams with turning capes and their vibrations, the cobs are oriented in a single position and laid in one layer. Oriented cobs descend into the loading tray 6 of the MSU, then they are captured by the rotor and fed to the initial threshing section 7, where they are moved by the tape winding of the rotor and, by means of adaptive spring-loaded sections of the deck with rigidly fixed spikes, violate the integrity of the grain structure of the cobs. Next, the cobs are fed into the elongated section of the main threshing 8, where they are moved by a multi-threaded bar winding of the rotor with an increased pitch and the bulk of the grain is separated under the influence of movable independent spikes placed on one half of the deck in longitudinal, and on the other - transverse rows, and pressed longitudinal and transverse air bags, respectively. After that, the cobs are fed into the shortened section of the final threshing 9, where they are moved by a multi-threaded bar winding of the rotor with a reduced pitch, while the cobs are in contact with independent spikes arranged in transverse rows, pressed by transverse pneumatic cushions with a flexible bottom. The rotor is rotated by the drive station 10. The threshed grain is cleaned by the air-sieve system 11, and then fed into the sectional grain hopper 12, where the threshed grain is collected separately at the initial, main stage of threshing and during final threshing.

The proposed method for the phased threshing of corn cobs and a device for its implementation make it possible to minimize damage to grain, increase the productivity of the device and reduce the energy intensity of the threshing process of corn cobs by sequentially performing the primary stage of threshing when unloading the container by gravity and orienting the corn cobs in a multi-strand orienting-dosing loading device, the initial the stage of threshing by contact with rigidly fixed spikes on the spring-loaded sections of the deck, the main stage of threshing and final threshing through the action of movable independent spikes on elongated and shortened sections of the deck with pneumatic cushions.

Sources of information

1. RU 2269887 C2, A01F 12/18 (2006.01), 20.02.2006. A method for threshing and cleaning grain and a device for its implementation.

2. SU 1375177 A1, A01D 91/00 (2000.01), A01F12/18 (2000.01), 23.02.1988. Method for threshing grain and device for its implementation.

3. RU 171115 U1, A01F 11/06 (2006.01), 05/22/2017. Threshing and separating device with a system of oriented supply of corn cobs for threshing.

4. RU 196681 U1, A01F 11/06 (2006.01), 11.03.2020. Device for step-by-step threshing of seed corn cobs.

Claims (2)

1. The method of phased threshing of corn cobs, including the supply, dosing and threshing of the cobs in an axial-rotary threshing and separating device, characterized in that it contains the stages of primary, initial, main threshing and final threshing, while the primary stage is carried out when loading with orientation and dosing cobs before they enter the threshing-separating device, and the stages of the initial, main threshing and final threshing are carried out directly in the axial-rotary threshing-separating device. 2. A device for implementing the method of phased threshing of corn cobs according to claim 1, containing a platform, a container, an orienting-dosing loading device and an axial-rotary threshing-separating device, characterized in that it is made in the form of a set of machines, while the container is installed on the platform made with an inclined bottom and a folding tray for unloading cobs by gravity; the threshing section is equipped with spikes rigidly fixed on movable spring-loaded sections, the elongated section of the main threshing section is equipped with movable independent spikes arranged in longitudinal rows on one half of the deck, and transverse rows on the other half and pressed longitudinal and transverse stumps respectively, and the shortened section of the final threshing is equipped with movable independent spikes arranged in transverse rows along the inner circumference and pressed with transverse pneumatic cushions with a flexible bottom.

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