RU2787207C1 - Method for production of protein-carbohydrate fodder additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for the use in fodder production for agricultural animals. A method for the production of a carbohydrate-protein fodder additive includes grinding of grain raw materials, introduction of amylolytic and glucoamylolytic enzymes, and mixing with ground grain raw materials. Obtainment of the carbohydrate-protein fodder additive is carried out in the following sequence and at following values of a moisture content and a temperature: a moisture content of oats and barley taken in a ratio of 1:1 is brought to 20-22% by uniform introduction of calculated amount of water simultaneously with the beginning of grinding. Then, the grain mixture is ground until destruction of grain germs, at a temperature of 30-40°C. While reducing a moisture content of the product by 1.5-2.0%, amylosubtilin with activity of EA – 1000 is introduced based on calculation of 0.1-0.15 g per 1 kg of the initial mixture and mixed, while reducing intensity of grinding. At a moisture content of 16-18% and a product temperature of 37-40°C, glucavamorin with activity of EA – 1000 is introduced based on calculation of 0.15-0.22 g per 1 kg of the initial mixture and mixed. Grinding and mixing are completed in a cyclic mode, while bringing a moisture content of the final product to 6-10% at a temperature of 37-40°C.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at reduction in energy costs, preparation time, increase in the quality of a final product, and increase in a storage life at alternating temperatures.

1 cl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to fodder production and is aimed at processing grain raw materials into carbohydrate-protein feed additives.

A known method for producing sugary products RU 2285725 (appl. 16.11.2004, publ. 20.10.2006), used as an additive in the diet of farm animals, providing for the preparation of a suspension of grain raw materials by mixing it with water, diluting the suspension during heating and enzymatic hydrolysis of the starch contained in the raw material, and before preparing the suspension, the water is subjected to activation in a rotary-pulsation apparatus for 15 minutes, and the preparation of the suspension, its liquefaction and enzymatic hydrolysis of starch are carried out in the same apparatus, while the liquefaction process is carried out at a temperature of 50-75 °C with amylosubtilin, and starch hydrolysis is carried out at a temperature of 55-67°C with glucavamorin to a given carbohydrate composition to obtain a finished product.

The disadvantage of this method is the duration of the process (up to 15 hours), given that the grain is also kept for 5 hours in tap water at a temperature of 20°C before being fed into the installation. In addition, the product is not subject to long-term storage due to the rapid multiplication in a highly nutrient medium of microorganisms present on the surface of the grain. Additional flushing of the apparatus is required, which lengthens the process of preparing the additive in time.

A known method for producing sugary products from grain raw materials RU 2085590 (appl. 05/16/1995, publ. 07/27/1997), involving the preparation of a suspension by mixing it with water in a ratio of 1:3, thinning the suspension when heated with amylolytic and cytological enzymes, heat treatment of the product at temperature 120-125°C for 2-3 minutes, enzymatic hydrolysis of starch by cytosis enzyme in the amount of 0.5-0.7 units. per 1 kg of flour, mushroom alpha-amylase in the amount of 2.0-2.5 units. amylolytic activity or glucoamylase in the amount of 0.5-1.5 units. glucoamylase activity per 1 kg of starch in flour. The process is carried out at pH 5.3-5.5 and temperature 55-57°C for 16-20 hours, after which the hydrolyzate is heated to 80°C to inactivate enzymes.

The disadvantage of this method is high energy consumption, a long process, the need to control and maintain the pH of the environment of 5.3-5.5 units, the product is subject to the development of microflora, including pathogens. At high temperatures, coagulation of proteins, amino acids occurs, and the content of vitamins decreases.

The closest analogue of the invention (prototype) in technical essence is a method for obtaining a carbohydrate-protein feed additive, including grinding grain raw materials, introducing amylolytic and glucoamylolytic enzymes and mixing them with crushed grain raw materials under certain temperature and humidity conditions EN 2690349 (application 05.07.2018 , published on May 31, 2019). The grinding of grain raw materials, the introduction of amylolytic and glucoamylolytic enzymes and mixing with crushed grain raw materials is carried out in a rotary pulsation apparatus by passing through its working bodies at a temperature of 62-65°C. The finished product is obtained in an IR dryer operating in a pulsed mode at a flux density of 15-17 kW/sq. m, when the moisture content of the product reaches 8-10%.

The advantage of the method is to increase the shelf life of the feed additive for farm animals.

The disadvantage of this method is high energy consumption due to processes that are long in time (hydrolysis, IR drying of the product from 40-50% to 8-10% moisture content). Also, in the process of enzymatic hydrolysis at the indicated temperatures (62-65°C) and a long processing time, partial coagulation of the protein and some amino acids occurs, and partial caramelization of the finished product leads to traumatic phenomena in the animal's esophagus. The requirements for the premises are positive temperature, the presence of sewerage, a large volume of water and special disinfectants for washing the reactor (hydrolysis tank) and product pipelines. Relatively low content of sugars (up to 20%) initially and a sharp decrease in their content during storage for more than 10 days.

The technical result in the implementation of the proposed method is to reduce energy consumption, cooking time, improve the quality of the finished product and increase the shelf life at variable temperatures.

The technical result in the invention is achieved by the fact that in the method of obtaining a carbohydrate-protein feed additive, including grinding grain raw materials, introducing amylolytic and glucoamylolytic enzymes and mixing them with crushed grain raw materials, obtaining a carbohydrate-protein feed additive is carried out in the following sequence and the following values of humidity and temperature: bring the moisture content of oats and barley, taken in a ratio of 1:1, to 20-22% by introducing the calculated amount of water evenly and simultaneously with the start of grinding; grind the grain mixture until the destruction of the germs of the grain at a temperature of 30-40°C; when the moisture content of the product decreases by 1.5-2.0%, amylosubtilin with activity EA - 1000 is added at the rate of 0.1-0.15 g per 1 kg of the initial mixture and mixed with a decrease in the intensity of grinding, at a moisture content of 16-18% and the temperature of the product 37-40°C and make glucovamorin activity EA - 1000 at the rate of 0.15-0.22 g per 1 kg of the initial mixture and mix; complete grinding and mixing in a cyclic mode while bringing the moisture content of the finished product to 6-10% at a temperature of 37-40°C.

This implementation of the method allows to reduce energy consumption, cooking time and improve the quality of the finished product due to the fact that to obtain a dry carbohydrate-protein feed additive, non-energy-intensive equipment (for example, a vibrating mill) is required and, in addition to grain, only two types of inexpensive enzymes and a small amount of water for increasing the moisture content of the original product. In this case, operations are performed at a low temperature, at which there is no coagulation of the protein and some amino acids, as well as caramelization of the finished product.

The method for obtaining a carbohydrate-protein feed additive is implemented in the sequence of actions outlined below.

In a grain mixture, for example, in an amount of 5 kg (oats and barley, in a ratio of 1:1), moisture is measured, for example, 14%. For the processed volume, the amount of water required to obtain a mixture moisture content of 20-22% (80 ml/kg with an initial moisture content of 14%) is determined. The grain mixture is evenly loaded with a dispenser into a grinding device, for example, a vibrating mill. Then a closed cycle of mixing the product is created and the grain mixture is crushed until the grain germs are destroyed. Grinding elements are given acceleration from 35 to 90 G (for example, according to the harmonic law), humidity changes are controlled and the temperature of the ground product is maintained within 30-40°C. With a decrease in humidity by 1.5-2.0%, an amylolytic enzyme is added (for example, amylosubtilin with activity EA - 1000 at the rate of 0.1-0.15 g per 1 kg of the initial mixture), stirred for 10-15 minutes at the intensity of grinding 25-40 G. Then, at a humidity of 16-18% and a temperature of 37-40°C, a glucoamylolytic enzyme is added (for example, glucovamorin with an activity of EA - 1000 at the rate of 0.15-0.22 g per 1 kg of the initial mixture), mixed. Grinding is completed in a cyclic mixing mode of the product at a temperature of 37-40°C with an intensity of 50-90 G until the moisture content of the finished product is 6-10%.

The process of performing the described actions can be carried out using serial equipment and devices (mills, vibrating mills; measuring instruments for temperature, humidity, vibration; regulators of the electric motor operation mode).

To confirm the method, we carried out its practical testing. In the additive obtained by the proposed method, the content of the components was: sugar - 37.0%, crude protein - 9.2%, fiber - 6.5%, ash - 2.5%, calcium - 0.15%, phosphorus - 0.25%, feed units in 1 kg - 1.12; digestible protein - 73 g / kg. The exchange energy was 11.4 MJ/kg.

Examples of the implementation of the method:

Example 1. A grain mixture of 5 kg from the crop harvested from the field (oats + barley in a ratio of 1:1) with a moisture content of 21% is evenly loaded with a dispenser into a grinding device, such as a vibrating mill. Then a closed cycle of product movement is created and the grain mixture is crushed until the grain germs of the mixture components are destroyed (mainly to the size of starch grains with a minimum size (oats 2-10 microns)). Grinding elements are accelerated from 35 to 90 G (for example, according to the harmonic law), humidity changes are controlled and the temperature of the ground product is maintained within 30-40°C.

With a decrease in humidity by 1.5-2.0%, an amylolytic enzyme is added (for example, amylosubtilin with an activity of EA - 1000 at the rate of 0.10.15 g per 1 kg of the initial mixture). Mix for 10-15 minutes by reducing the grinding intensity (up to 25-40 b). Then grinding is continued for a short time and at a humidity of 17-18% and a temperature of 37-40 ° C, a glucoamylolytic enzyme is added (for example, glucovamorin with activity EA - 1000 at the rate of 0.15-0.22 g per 1 kg of the initial mixture), mixed. Grinding is completed in a cyclic mode of product movement at a temperature of 38-40°C with an intensity of 50-90 G until the moisture content of the finished product is 6-10%.

Example 2. Measure the moisture content of the grain mixture in the amount of 5 kg (oats + barley in a ratio of 1:1). In our case, the humidity was 14.1%. Filter the water, for example with a carbon filter. Determine the physico-chemical composition of water. For the processed volume, the amount of water necessary to obtain a mixture moisture content of 20-22% (8 Oml/kg) is determined.

Then the grain mixture is evenly loaded by the dispenser into the vibrating mill with simultaneous supply, for example by drip, of the calculated volume of water. This creates a closed cycle of movement of the processed product. Water was introduced for 15 minutes, the intensity of grinding (mixing) was reduced to 20-30 b.

Then, the grinding elements were accelerated up to 60-90 G according to the harmonious law of change, while the moisture content of the mixture, the degree of grinding and the temperature were controlled. With a grinding degree of 2-10 μm of the main mass of the product, at a humidity of 19% and a temperature of 38°C, amylosubtilin with EA1000 activity was added at the rate of 0.1 g per 1 kg of the initial grain mixture. Within 10 minutes, the enzyme was mixed with the grain mixture by reducing the grinding intensity to 25-40 bp.

Then grinding continues until the moisture content of the product is 17% and the temperature is 38-39°C. At the same time, the enzyme glucavamorin was added in an amount of 0.15 g per 1 kg of the initial mixture, mixed by reducing the intensity of grinding, and grinding was continued at a grinding intensity of 60-90 G until the moisture content of the finished product was 8°C.

The composition of the additive obtained by the proposed method (example 1) contained: sugar - 37.0%, crude protein - 9.2%, fiber - 6.5%, ash - 2.5%, Ca - 0.15%, P - 0.25%, metabolic energy 11.4 MJ / kg, feed units per 1 kg - 1.12, digestible protein - 73 g / kg.

Carbohydrate-protein feed additive obtained by the proposed method (example 2) contained: sugar - 34.1%, crude protein - 8.9%, fiber - 9.3%, ash - 2.4%, Ca - 0.14 %, P - 0.27%, metabolic energy 11.3 MJ / kg, feed units per 1 kg - 1.08, digestible protein - 71 g / kg, humidity - 7%.

Feed additive (barley + oats, 1:1) that implements the proposed method (example 2) was experimental feeding of farm animals (pigs, heifers). Before the experiment and in the process, the animals were not vaccinated and no forms of any drugs were additionally used. An additive of 80-100 g per head (40-50 g in the morning, 40-50 g in the evening) was added to the existing diet of piglets (10 heads) for 30 days. The average daily weight gain was: in the control 210±3 g per head, in experimental animals 400±3 g per head.

Heifers aged from 6 months were fed with an additive in the amount of 200 g per 1 head (100 g in the morning, 100 g in the evening). The average daily weight gain was: in the control 446±3 g per head, in experimental animals - 821±3 g per head.

The finished feed additive at alternating temperatures (from -10°С to +10°С) was kept in a farm room not equipped for storage during the entire time of the experiment.

No diseases have been observed in the animals during the experiment and up to the present. Thus, the safety and high efficiency of the produced carbohydrate-protein feed additive in feeding farm animals has been experimentally proven.

Literature

1. Uglov V.A., Borodai E.V., Aksenov V.V. Production of sugary products from starch (patent search) // Modern trends in technical sciences: materials of the V Intern. scientific conf. (Kazan, May 2017). - Kazan: Buk, 2017. - S. 57-59.

2. Motovilov K.Ya., Aksenov V.V., Ermokhin V.G. Technology of processing grain starch-containing raw materials for fodder sugars and their use in animal husbandry: method. Management. - Novosibirsk, 2012. - 32 p.

3. L. A. Morozov, Yu. N. Nikiforov, A. V. Rozhko, and V. Ya. Patent No. 2036969, published 06/09/1995. Process for the production of glucose from starch.

4. Ramazanov Yu.A., Aksenov V.V. Patent No. 2421525, published on 06/20/2011. Method for obtaining molasses from starch.

5. Aksenov V.V., Lukyanenko N.I. Patent No. 2443783, published on February 27, 2012. Method for obtaining fodder hydrolysates from wheat grain.

Claims (1)

A method for producing a carbohydrate-protein feed additive, including grinding grain raw materials, introducing amylolytic and glucoamylolytic enzymes and mixing with crushed grain raw materials, characterized in that the carbohydrate-protein feed additive is obtained in the following sequence and the following values of humidity and temperature: adjust the moisture content of oats and barley, taken in a ratio of 1:1, up to 20-22% by introducing the calculated amount of water evenly and simultaneously with the start of grinding; grind the grain mixture until the destruction of the germs of the grain at a temperature of 30-40°C; when the moisture content of the product decreases by 1.5-2.0%, amylosubtilin with activity EA - 1000 is added at the rate of 0.1-0.15 g per 1 kg of the initial mixture and mixed with a decrease in the intensity of grinding, at a moisture content of 16-18% and the temperature of the product 37-40°C make glucovamorin activity EA - 1000 at the rate of 0.15-0.22 g per 1 kg of the initial mixture and mix; complete grinding and mixing in a cyclic mode while bringing the moisture content of the finished product to 6-10% at a temperature of 37-40°C.