RU2557191C1 - Method of production of biological preparation for feed production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of production of biological preparation comprises the process of fermentation of the mixture of peat and organic wastes enriched with biologically active supplement, in three stages: first - for 48 hours at a temperature of 37°C, second - for 24 hours at a temperature ranging 55-60°C, the third stage - for 48 hours at a temperature of 37°C, followed by extraction of the solid phase fermentation product with 1% solution of potassium phosphate for 48 hours at a temperature of 22°C and the filtration of the extracted mass with obtaining liquid phase biological preparation. The organic waste is used as bird droppings, and the biologically active supplement - flour production wastes in an amount of 5% by weight of peat-dropping mixture. The initial mixture for fermentation is acidified with 50% acetic acid at a dose of 15 ml per 1 kg of peat-dropping mixture. The fermentation process is carried out under anaerobic conditions. The components of peat-dropping mixture are taken in the ratio 50:50. The filtration of the extracted mass is carried out at a pressure up to 3 atm.

EFFECT: obtaining low-cost and effective biological product that extends the range of biological preparations for silage of perennial grasses, the use of which provides enhancement of quality of silage feeds and improvement of the ecological situation of the environment.

3 cl, 1 dwg, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to biotechnology and agriculture, in particular to fodder production, and can be used in the manufacture of preparations for preserving the green mass of plants.

A known method of producing bacterial starter culture for feed silage (US Pat. RF No. 1091549, class C12N 1/20, C12N 1/02, 1981), including the use of uterine material identified by type of culture of lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria, growing bacteria on liquid nutrient medium, concentration of the bacmass, neutralization with alkali and subsequent drying by spraying in a protective medium.

A known method of producing starter culture for feed silage (US Pat. RF No. 2265655, class C12N 1/20, C12R 1:46, C12R 1:25, 2003), including the use of uterine material identified by type of culture of lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria, obtaining associations of strains of lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria, which are then mixed with cereals of cereals or legumes or which ferment pasteurized milk. The invention allows to obtain a silo with good digestibility, enriched with vitamin B ₁₂ , to increase the nutritional content of the silo, to reduce the cost of the resulting silo.

Known biological product for preserving beet pulp for animal feed, a method of canning with it (Application No. 2012126498, 2012), including a culture of bacteria of the genus Bacillus, suspended in a nutrient medium, which is introduced into beet pulp at a concentration of 1 l per 80 tons of beet pulp with a moisture content of 70 to 80%, they carry out the laying of beet pulp for preservation, after which they make a tamper and tightly cover it.

A disadvantage of the known methods for producing starter cultures for silage is the complexity and complexity of the technology for cultivating breeding strains of microorganisms, the need to acquire the mother material of certain strains of microorganisms, which affects the cost and in the future, the sale price of the finished starter for silage of feed. In addition, the establishment of the production of such biological products is possible only in specialized microbiological laboratories.

The disadvantage of dry starter cultures for silage of feeds is that it is difficult to distribute them evenly during harvesting of silage, they can act only wherever they go, which affects the quality of the feed. And usually bacterial starter cultures require special preparation before entering the silage mass, which increases the complexity of the silage process.

Closest to the claimed technological essence is a method of producing a liquid-phase biological agent for crop production and agriculture (RF patent No. 2365568, class C05P 11/00, 2009, prototype), which provides for the fermentation of a peat mixture enriched with a biologically active additive, followed by extraction with a solvent solid phase fermentation product and filtration of the extracted mass. As a biologically active additive, hardwood ash is used in an amount of 3% by weight of the peat mix, the fermentation process is carried out in three stages: the first - for 48 hours at a temperature of 37 ° C, the second - for 24 hours in a temperature range of 55-60 ° C, the third stage - for 48 hours at a temperature of 37 ° C, while the mixture is purged with air in the longitudinal and transverse directions for 30 minutes every 24 hours, in addition, a 1% solution is taken as a solvent for the solid-state fermentation product potassium phosphate, and ec straining is carried out for 48 hours at a temperature of 22 ° C.

The final product is a liquid phase biofeedback (LPF) with a high level of biogenicity, nutrition and physiology, used to improve the growth and development of plants, as well as to activate soil microbiological processes. This liquid-phase biofeedback is used as a biological product for silage of the Eastern goatskin (RF patent No. 2437567, class C1 A23K 3/00, 2010). But, since the well-known biological agent is intended to activate the processes of growth and development of plants, the technology for its preparation is aimed at activating another community of microorganisms than is necessary for the effective manifestation of the properties of starter culture for silage. By modifying the production technology of LFB, it is possible to obtain a new, more effective biological product for silage feed.

The problem solved by this invention is to develop an inexpensive and effective new biological product for silage, expanding the range of available complex biological products and providing high quality silage.

The technical result from the solution of the problem lies in expanding the range of biological products, in obtaining a new biological product for silage of perennial grasses, effective and inexpensive, easy to manufacture, the use of which in feed production will improve the quality of silage feed and improve the ecological environment.

The technical result is achieved in that in a method for producing a biological product for fodder production, comprising the process of fermenting a mixture of peat and organic waste enriched with a biologically active additive, in three stages: the first within 48 hours at a temperature of 37 ° C, the second within 24 hours in the temperature range 55-60 ° C, the third stage - for 48 hours at a temperature of 37 ° C, followed by extraction of the solid-state fermentation product with 1% potassium phosphate solution for 48 hours at a temperature of 22 ° C and filtering of the extracted mass, bird droppings are used as organic waste, and flour milling waste in the amount of 5% by weight of the peat mixture is used as a biologically active additive, while the initial mixture for fermentation is acidified with 50% acetic acid in a dose of 15 ml per 1 kg of peat mixture , and the fermentation process is carried out under anaerobic conditions. The components of the peat mixture are taken in a ratio of 50:50. Filtration of the extracted mass is carried out under pressure up to 3 atm.

A high degree of enrichment of peat with humic acids, amino acids and trace elements indicates the feasibility and prospects of its use as a raw material, it contains a lot of nitrogen. Possessing bactericidal properties and acid reaction, peat inhibits the development of pathogenic microorganisms.

Bird droppings contain a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus. Also, bird droppings are rich in trace elements, it contains manganese, zinc, cobalt, copper, iron, etc. About 3/4 of the dry matter is organic matter. The high content of nutrients in the litter ensures the development of a large number of various microorganisms in it, including lactic acid. But with improper storage, bird droppings become a source of environmental pollution and a hotbed of harmful microflora. In this regard, the problem of disposal and use of bird droppings is very relevant.

Flour milling waste (OMMP) is a by-product of grain processing and consists of flakes and finer grains, consisting of shells of grain and germ. Their humidity should not exceed 15%. OMMP are rich in B vitamins and organic phosphorus (phytin), nicotinic and pantothenic acids. They also have a lot of mineral salts, but relatively little calcium. OMMPs contain significant amounts of starch and fiber. OMMP is a cheap and affordable product for production; its introduction into the initial mixture stimulates the fermentation process, as it enriches the mixture with vitamins and biologically active substances. The introduction of 5% flour milling wastes into the initial peat mixture stimulated the development of microflora, and in particular, lactic acid microorganisms, which were originally present in the feedstock and consume easily hydrolyzable carbohydrates as a source of nutrition.

The process of silage occurs due to the growth and development of lactic acid microorganisms in the preserved plant mass. To create the most favorable conditions for them, the initial mixture is acidified with acetic acid as the cheapest and most affordable, in addition, acetic acid, participating in the digestion of ruminants, is useful for them.

As a result of the fermentation process, favorable conditions are created for the active development of microorganisms. At the first stage of the process, which takes 48 hours at a temperature of 37 ° C, the growth and development of different types of microorganisms is observed, for which this temperature is optimal - these are mesophilic microorganisms, aerobic and anaerobic, developing due to the residual amount of air contained in the original mixtures. During the first stage of the fermentation process, microorganisms developing in the fermented mass produce enzymes involved in the conversion processes.

The second stage of the process proceeds at a pasteurization temperature of 55-60 ° C, therefore it is detrimental to pathogenic microflora. This ensures the sanitary-hygienic purity of the resulting biological product. The third stage of the fermentation process, which proceeds for 48 hours at a temperature of 37 ° C, is aimed at further activation of the mesophilic lactic acid microflora in order to increase and preserve it in the final biological product.

The second and third stages of the fermentation process proceed already under strictly anaerobic conditions, since all the residual air has already been consumed by microorganisms in the first stage of the process. Anaerobic conditions preclude the development of aerobic putrefactive microflora and stimulate the development of lactic acid microorganisms, which are optional aerobes.

Thus, it is precisely this temperature and air regime of the fermentation process and the given duration of this process that allows lactic acid microorganisms to achieve their maximum development. In addition, preliminary enrichment of the initial mixture with waste from flour milling allows the growth and development of microorganisms to be activated, and acidification of the initial mixture gives priority to the development and dominance of lactic acid microflora.

The solid-phase fermentation product is subjected to extraction with a 1% solution of potassium phosphate (K ₂ HPO ₄ ) for 48 hours at a temperature of 22 ° C. During this period, under the influence of potassium phosphate, nutrients are extracted into the solution. Moreover, K ₂ NRA ₄ simultaneously acts as an activator of microbiological activity as a source of nutrition and energy for microorganisms.

Potassium and phosphorus are some of the most important biogenic elements: potassium ions increase the intensity of oxidative reactions, have a significant effect on the formation of proteins, participate in the active transport of ions across the cell membrane, enhance their functional activity, and phosphorus is part of nucleotides, nucleic acids, phosphoproteins, phospholipids, many coenzymes and other organic compounds. It is known that chemical reactions involving phosphorus form the basis of the energy of a living cell.

The extraction of the fermentation product is aimed at obtaining a solution containing substances that can affect the activation of the silage of plant feed.

After these two basic technological operations, the extracted mass is filtered under compressed air pressure up to 3 atm to maximize the separation of the finely divided solid phase. The result is a liquid-phase biological product with a high level of biogenicity, nutrition and physiology as a result of transformation processes taking place in a fermentable and extractable mass, which allows it to be used as a starter for silage feed.

The presence of new technological methods and their combination with the known ones, the use of a new biologically active additive and an acidifier allows you to get a new biological product with new properties that can successfully use it in feed production as a starter for silage.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

The drawing shows a diagram explaining a method of obtaining a biological product for feed production.

Table 1 presents the characteristics of the biological product; in tables 2, 3 and 4 - the effectiveness of the use of the obtained biological product for silage of different cultures.

A method of obtaining a biological product for feed production includes the following operations:

- grinding of bird droppings and peat taken in a ratio of 50:50 components;

- mixing the crushed components;

- introducing into the mixture waste milling in the amount of 5 wt.% peat mixture;

- additional mixing of the mixture;

- the introduction of a mixture of acetic acid of a 50% concentration in a dose of 15 ml per 1 kg of peat mixture;

- additional mixing of the mixture;

- the fermentation process under anaerobic conditions in three stages: the first stage is carried out at a temperature of 37 ° C for 48 hours, the second in the temperature range 55-60 ° C for 24 hours, the third at a temperature of 37 ° C for 48 hours ;

- the process of extraction of the solid-phase fermentation product at a temperature of 22 ° C for 48 hours with a solvent, which is taken as a 1% solution of potassium phosphate;

- filtration of the extracted mass under pressure up to 3 atm.

An example of a specific implementation of the claimed method. This method of obtaining a biological product for feed production was carried out using a production line patented by GNU VNIIMZ for the production of liquid-phase biologically active agents (RF patent for PM No. 933392, class C05F 3/00, 2009).

An initial mixture of 100 kg of bird droppings and 100 kg of peat is prepared. The feedstock is thoroughly crushed and mixed until a homogeneous mass. Next, the resulting mixture is enriched with waste of flour milling in the amount of 10 kg, stirred, add 3 l of 50% acetic acid. Again, everything is mixed and loaded into the fermenter body. After this, a three-stage fermentation process begins.

The first stage is carried out at a temperature of 37 ° C for 48 hours. In the second stage, the mixture is heated to 55-60 ° C for 24 hours. The third stage is carried out at a temperature of 37 ° C for 48 hours.

The fermentation product, which is a solid bulk material, enters the extractor. At the same time, a solvent (extractant) is supplied to the extractor tank — a 1% solution of K ₂ NRA ₄ in an amount of 580.7 l (to obtain the final mother liquor of a 10% biological product). The extraction is carried out at a temperature of 22 ° C for 48 hours. At the end of the extraction, the extracted mass is filtered.

The new biopreparation for silage obtained by the proposed method has a rich composition (Table 1) and is a dark brown liquid with a specific odor, precipitate is possible, pH 6.5-7.5. This biological product is proposed for use in feed production as a starter culture for the silage of plant materials (Tables 2, 3, 4). The presence of microflora, enzymes and easily hydrolyzable carbohydrates in its composition allows us to attribute it to the group of combined biological preparations. The carbohydrates that are part of the biological product are necessary for the nutrition of lactic acid microorganisms involved in the process of creating an acidic environment in a silo mass. Enzymes present in the biological product have the ability to break down polysaccharides into glucose and fructose, the most accessible carbohydrates for lactic acid bacteria. The content of a large number of lactic acid microorganisms activates the processes of silage and enrichment of the finished feed with digestible nutrient and biologically active substances.

The claimed method for producing a biological product for fodder production is industrially feasible, and the biological product obtained by this method is applicable in fodder production as a starter for siloing plant materials. As an example of a specific application of the obtained biological product, three silage experiments were laid, the results of which are shown in Tables 2, 3, 4, from which it can be concluded that, in fact, the biological product obtained by the claimed method contributes to the silo process, providing high-quality feed.

Since poultry waste is used in the production of a new biological product, the application of this technology involves improving the environmental situation and reducing environmental pollution. The production of a new biological product is quite simple and affordable, which does not require complex and lengthy specific operations and expensive raw materials, due to which the biological product obtained by the claimed method can be recommended as an effective starter culture in the preparation of silage, expanding the feed base of animal husbandry.

Claims (3)

1. A method of obtaining a biological product for feed production, involving the fermentation process of a mixture of peat and organic waste enriched with a biologically active additive, in three stages: the first within 48 hours at a temperature of 37 ° C, the second within 24 hours in a temperature range of 55- 60 ° C, the third stage - for 48 hours at a temperature of 37 ° C, followed by extraction of the solid-phase fermentation product with 1% potassium phosphate solution for 48 hours at a temperature of 22 ° C and filtering the extracted mass, characterized in that poultry manure is used as organic waste, and flour milling waste in the amount of 5% by weight of the peat mix is used as a biologically active additive, while the initial mixture for fermentation is acidified with 50% acetic acid in a dose of 15 ml per 1 kg of peat mix, and the process fermentation is carried out under anaerobic conditions. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the components of the peat mixture are taken in a ratio of 50:50. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the filtration of the extracted mass is carried out under pressure up to 3 atm.

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