CN104286377A - Feed production method for secondary fermentation and enzymolysis of high-starch raw materials through liquid-solid process - Google Patents
Feed production method for secondary fermentation and enzymolysis of high-starch raw materials through liquid-solid process Download PDFInfo
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- CN104286377A CN104286377A CN201410569317.7A CN201410569317A CN104286377A CN 104286377 A CN104286377 A CN 104286377A CN 201410569317 A CN201410569317 A CN 201410569317A CN 104286377 A CN104286377 A CN 104286377A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed production method for secondary fermentation and enzymolysis of high-starch raw materials through a liquid-solid process. The production method comprises steps of grinding high-starch raw materials such as corns, wheat and broken rice; wetting the ground raw materials in water and liquefying the raw materials through primary treatment by thermostable amylase; then, saccharifying the materials through secondary treatment by medium temperature amylase; and decomposing the materials into a small amount of glucose as well as a large amount of malto-oligosaccharide, dextrin, limit dextrin, and the like through fermentation of enterococcus faecalis and bacillus licheniformis, and generating abundant metabolites and organic acids. According to the feed production method disclosed by the invention, the cost is low, the utilization value of materials can be increased, and digestion and absorption are facilitated; and propagation of harmful bacteria as well as generation of toxic and rotten materials in animal intestines are inhibited through beneficial microorganisms, metabolites and the like; in addition, the prepared feed has effects of purifying intestinal tract, promoting intestine peristalsis, boosting body immunity, etc.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to enzymolysis and compoiste fermented technology, be related specifically to liquid-solid method secondary enzymolysis, fermentation process high-starch material as corn, wheat, cracking rice etc. produces the process of the spacetabs type carbohydrate that young animal is is easily digested and assimilated.
Background technology
Corn, wheat, the high-starch material such as to crack rice are as energy source most important in animal feed, addition (55-70%) in livestock and poultry material is very large, so the quality of corn, wheat, the carbohydrate raw material such as to crack rice and type directly affects the utilization ratio of feed.For corn, corn is China's cultivated area one of crops the most widely, and output is high, strong adaptability, is important cereal crops and important feed resource.Maize kernel composition containing 70% ~ 75% starch, be unfavorable for the digestibility and utilization of animal because amylum body internal memory in raw corn accounts for the crystal structure of the antiacid antienzyme of significant proportion, crystal structure must be allowed to disintegrate could be fully hydrolyzed by enzyme and improve digestibility.Young animal particularly early weaning pigling digestive organs is not yet reached maturity, digestive enzyme activity is very low, research shows that pigling all exists the problem of amylase secretion deficiency after birth in a period of time, and occur falling back because ablactation stress makes digestive enzyme activity increase, usually because amylodyspepsia causes diarrhoea, affect production performance.In addition, if added glucosan (when reaching more than 3-5%) in sucking pig batch, then can affect its feed intake or cause gut flora excessive multiplication and cause diarrhoea.
The main processing and treating method of current corn comprises: pulverize, steam-flaked, expanded etc., and the corn crossed with these PROCESS FOR TREATMENT is all used widely in animal and fowl fodder, but there are no the relevant report that fermented maize is applied in feed.At food, medicine and chemical field, then utilizing Maize Production cornstarch, is that starch sugar produced by raw material further with cornstarch.Ripe and the large-scale operation application in production with the starch sugar technics comparing of production of corn starch malto-oligosaccharide, dextrin technology, but this technology production cost is high, complicated operation, cannot apply at feedstuff industry.
Utilize a lot of of production of corn starch starch sugar in domestic and international technique at present, and be mainly used in food industry, medical industry and chemical industry.And direct enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation high-starch material, be applied in feed and also there is no definite technique.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to utilize liquid-solid method second order fermentation enzymolysis processing high-starch material, in raising feed series products, glucose, malto-oligosaccharide, dextrin, limit dextrin and microbial metabolic products are as the biofermentation method of organic acid equal size.
The inventive method is jumped out existing technique and is first produced starch with high-starch material, and the step of recycling Starch Production sugar, directly produces carbohydrate with high-starch material enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of feed production method, comprises the steps:
1) high-starch material is removed impurity, pulverize, then drop in water and stir, furnishing water content is the feed liquid of 60 ~ 70%;
2) regulating step 1) pH of feed liquid is 6.5 ~ 7.0, then adds alpha-amylase and mixes, be warming up to 70 ~ 100 DEG C of stirring reaction 5 ~ 30min, material is liquefied;
3) in the material of post liquefaction, supplement appropriate material powder to mix, make material moisture reduce to 30 ~ 40% and lower the temperature, then adding middle temperature amylase, at 40 ~ 70 DEG C of saccharification react 20 ~ 40h;
4) after saccharification completes, supplementary material powder makes material moisture reduce to 20 ~ 30%, mixes, and makes temperature of charge be down to 30 ~ 40 DEG C, adds enterococcus faecalis and bacillus licheniformis, fully mix, fermentation 3 ~ 5d;
5) after having fermented, by drying materials, pulverize, packing.
Above-mentioned steps 1) described high-starch material such as corn, wheat, to crack rice, their are pulverized and is advisable for particle diameter 40 ~ 60 object powder.
Above-mentioned steps 2), 3) and 4) relate separately to liquefaction in production course of reaction, saccharification, fermentation three phases, shared 2 kind of starch enzymes and 2 kinds of bacterial classifications, they are alpha-amylase, middle temperature amylase, enterococcus faecalis and bacillus licheniformis.Reaction temperature and the pH value effect of vigor to enzyme and bacterial classification is comparatively large, determines the optimum condition of reaction temperature and pH value, can improve the service efficiency of enzyme and bacterial classification to greatest extent.
Step 2) liquefaction time various parameters as accurate in temperature, pH value, enzyme concentration GPRS, suitable liquefaction DE value is the key of saccharification.Liquefaction process is the mechanism of alpha-amylase, the optimum temperature of alpha-amylase effect is 100 DEG C, and optimum pH is 6.5-7.0, and enzyme concentration (accounts for material quality percentage with 0.1 ‰ ~ 0.5 ‰, be all later) to be advisable, action time is 5 ~ 30min.In step 2) usually by the pH value of NaOH adjustment material, the addition of NaOH is usually 0.1 ‰ ~ about 0.5 ‰.In addition, calcium ion can be used as diastatic protective agent and activator, and its content also has certain influence to alpha-amylase, and therefore, the calcium chloride first adding 2 ‰ ~ 5 ‰ before adding alpha-amylase in feed liquid stirs.
Step 3) saccharification time to understand fully relation between temperature, pH value and dosage that enzyme is suitable for and action time, sugared content, after ensureing that saccharification terminates, the sugar amount in feed liquid meets the requirements.Saccharifying is middle temperature diastatic action, and middle temperature diastatic action temperature is 40 ~ 70 DEG C, and pH value is 5.5 ~ 7.0, and enzyme concentration is advisable with 0.1 ‰ ~ 1 ‰, and action time is 20 ~ 40h.
Step 4) need the temperature and time controlling fermentation stage, this stage is enterococcus faecalis and bacillus licheniformis effect, the addition of enterococcus faecalis is advisable with 0.1 ‰ of high-starch material quality ~ 1 ‰, the addition of bacillus licheniformis is advisable with 1 ‰ of high-starch material quality ~ 3.5 ‰, operative temperature is preferably 32 ~ 37 DEG C, and action time is 3 ~ 5d.
The technique of the present invention's liquid-solid method second order fermentation enzymolysis processing high-starch material, with corn, wheat, the starch higher building material such as to crack rice for raw material, enzymolysis and microbial solid fermentation technology is adopted to process it, added by enzymolysis that microbial method makes it liquefy, saccharification, be decomposed into a small amount of glucose, a large amount of malto-oligosaccharide, dextrin, limit dextrins etc. and produce abundant metabolite and organic acid, and with low cost.Although lack the enzymatic hydrolysis system of raw starch hydrolysis in the enteron aisle of animal, cause their not easily digested absorptions, after but malto-oligosaccharide, dextrin, limit dextrin etc. directly enter enteron aisle, slowly can degrade and be released to glucose, and compound sugar can be preferably the lactic acid bacteria of hindgut and Bifidobacterium utilized, suppressed the generation of the breeding of intestinal toxic bacterium and poisonous corrupt substance by beneficial microbe and metabolite etc., there is purification enteron aisle, promote enterocinesia, promote the effects such as immunity of organisms.
Compared to ative starch sugar technique, the feature of liquid-solid method second order fermentation enzymolysis processing high-starch material technique of the present invention is:
1, the present invention with the higher material of corn, wheat, the content of starch such as to crack rice for raw material;
2, the present invention adopts microbial fermentation technology directly to carry out the process such as gelatinization, liquefaction, saccharification to material, simplifies existing starch sugar technique of first producing starch regenerative ratio sugar;
3, the enzyme that the present invention is used and bacterial classification all harmless to animal, can relievedly use;
4, be rich in compound sugar, polysaccharide and beneficial microbe metabolite in product of the present invention, improve material value;
5, the sugar be rich in product of the present invention is based on malto-oligosaccharide, dextrin, limit dextrin;
6, final stage of the present invention is solid fermentation, can reduce oven dry cost, and non-wastewater discharge.
For raw corn added in usual feed, wherein containing many aliphatic acid, so the corn flour after grinding is easy to souring, goes bad, should not preserve for a long time, and the Corn moisture content of new listing is higher, be easy to again in storage go mouldy, the corn after going mouldy can produce a large amount of aflatoxin, if make pig feed with this corn, live pig eats will be poisoning.Therefore the raw corn of product contrast of the present invention, its advantage is:
1, after corn enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, part cell membrane and fibre structure can be made to destroy and softening, protein denaturation, fat is stable, thus is beneficial to and digests and assimilates, and improves digestibility and the utilization rate of feed;
2, corn is after enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, produces malto-oligosaccharide and organic acid, makes feed have special fragrance, is conducive to the appetite increasing animal;
3, corn is after high temperature enzymolysis, can kill multiple harmful levels of pathogens, makes feed meet relevant hygienic requirements, effectively prevents animal alimentary canal diseases;
4, corn is through enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, can control the moisture content of drying, and is convenient to storage, aspergillus flavus also can be suppressed to grow.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process chart of the present invention's liquid-solid method second order fermentation glycolysis process high-starch material.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but the scope do not limited the present invention in any way.
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, alpha-amylase used (Thermostable α-Amylase) is purchased from Shandong Longke Enzyme Co., Ltd.; Middle temperature amylase (mesophilicα-diastase) used is purchased from Si Beite bio tech ltd, Xingtai; Enterococcus faecalis used and bacillus licheniformis are purchased from the green world, Hubei bio tech ltd.
See Fig. 1, be that raw material carries out feed manufacturing with corn:
1, the preparation of raw material: select clean, without going mouldy, without caking, water content be 10 ~ 14% corn be raw material, by dry method decortication after its removal of impurities or do not peel, then enter pulverizer and pulverize, make it reach the corn powder of 40 ~ 60 order granularities, for subsequent use.
2, to size mixing process: first a certain amount of water is added and size mixing in tank, start agitator, add corn powder gradually, feed intake complete, continuing to add water, is the slurries of 60% ~ 70% by feed liquid furnishing water content, ensures that feed concentration is in prescribed limit, then stir, prevent conglomeration or dead angle.After feed liquid is mixed well completely, add the NaOH accounting for material quality 0.1 ‰ ~ about 0.5 ‰, pH is adjusted to 6.5 ~ 7.0, improve diastatic vigor; Add the calcium chloride accounting for material quality 2 ‰ ~ 5 ‰, as diastatic protective agent and activator, again stir.
3, liquefaction process: liquefaction process comprises gelatinization and the liquefaction of starch in corn, and in this process, the control of DE value is very crucial, should strictly operate.Starch milk expanded by heating, crystal structure disappears, and volume swell, contacts with each other, and the phenomenon becoming translucent thick-pasty liquid is called gelatinization.Liquefaction is after starch gelatinization, makes it be hydrolyzed into granule, falls low viscous process.To the feed liquid of sizing mixing in tank, add the alpha-amylase that accounts for material quality 0.1 ‰ ~ 0.5 ‰ and mix.Make feed liquid rapid temperature increases to 100 DEG C by steam, in constantly stirring, react 5-30min, starch chain in corn is opened, make the corn glucose that liquefies account for 7 ~ 10% of total material.
4, saccharifying: this process is that the starch chain opened in liquefaction process is cut into target sugar by middle temperature amylase, makes it to reach predetermined content.Material has liquefied, and is transferred in mixer, supplements suitable granularity corn flour, makes material moisture reduce to 30-40%, and makes mixing of materials even, and temperature reduces; Add and account for warm amylase in material quality 0.1 ‰ ~ 1 ‰ and again mix, handling material is in fermenting case, and mobile fermenting case carries out saccharification to fermenting house.Fermenting house temperature is 40-70 DEG C, and material saccharificatinn period is 20-40h.
5, sweat: after saccharification completes, more appropriate raw material is supplemented in fermenting case, make material moisture reduce to 20 ~ 30%, mix, make temperature of charge be down to 35-40 DEG C.In material, add enterococcus faecalis and 1 ‰ ~ 3.5 ‰ bacillus licheniformis of material quality 0.1 ‰ ~ 1 ‰, fully mix, go to fermentation vat and continue fermentation 3-5d, wait for discharging.
6, finished product: after having fermented, handling material is dried to dryer, and dry to required moisture, pulverizer is pulverized, and the packing that is then up to the standards is finished product.
Claims (9)
1. a feed production method, comprises the steps:
1) high-starch material is removed impurity, pulverize, add water material powder stirring, and furnishing water content is the feed liquid of 60 ~ 70%;
2) regulating step 1) pH of feed liquid is 6.5 ~ 7.0, then adds alpha-amylase and mixes, be warming up to 70 ~ 100 DEG C of stirring reaction 5 ~ 30min, material is liquefied;
3) in the material of post liquefaction, supplement appropriate material powder to mix, make material moisture reduce to 30 ~ 40% and lower the temperature, then adding middle temperature amylase, at 40 ~ 70 DEG C of saccharification react 20 ~ 40h;
4) after saccharification completes, supplementary material powder makes material moisture reduce to 20 ~ 30%, mixes, and makes temperature of charge be down to 30 ~ 40 DEG C, adds enterococcus faecalis and bacillus licheniformis, fully mix, fermentation 3 ~ 5d;
5) after having fermented, by drying materials, pulverize, packing.
2. feed production method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 1) described high-starch material is corn, wheat and/or cracks rice.
3. feed production method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 1) high-starch material is pulverized as particle diameter 40 ~ 60 object powder.
4. feed production method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 2) pH value of material is regulated with NaOH.
5. feed production method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 2) add the calcium chloride accounting for material quality 2 ‰ ~ 5 ‰ and stir adding in alpha-amylase forward direction feed liquid.
6. feed production method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 2) addition of alpha-amylase is 0.1 ‰ ~ 0.5 ‰ of material quality.
7. feed production method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 3) in warm diastatic addition be material quality 0.1 ‰ ~ 1 ‰, the pH value controlling material during its effect is 5.5 ~ 7.0.
8. feed production method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 4) enterococcus faecalis and bacillus licheniformis effect time control material temperature be 32 ~ 37 DEG C.
9. feed production method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step 4) addition of enterococcus faecalis be 0.1 ‰ ~ 1 ‰ of material quality and the addition of bacillus licheniformis be 1 ‰ ~ 3.5 ‰ of material quality.
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| CN201410569317.7A CN104286377A (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2014-10-22 | Feed production method for secondary fermentation and enzymolysis of high-starch raw materials through liquid-solid process |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109258921A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-01-25 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of fermentation material of the Maize-Peanut dregs of rice, its fermentation process and application |
| CN112808739A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-18 | 深圳市麦田友品科技有限公司 | Biodegradation method of starch and coffee residue, tea residue and bagasse |
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| CN102599338A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-07-25 | 四川大学 | Method by utilizing cassava starch hydrolyzate to prepare high-energy feed |
| CN102626177A (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2012-08-08 | 保龄宝生物股份有限公司 | Production method of isomaltooligosacharide and animal feed additive |
| CN102845645A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2013-01-02 | 合肥基石生物工程有限公司 | Preparation method of soluble easily-digested feed for young livestock and poultry |
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2014
- 2014-10-22 CN CN201410569317.7A patent/CN104286377A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102626177A (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2012-08-08 | 保龄宝生物股份有限公司 | Production method of isomaltooligosacharide and animal feed additive |
| CN102599338A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-07-25 | 四川大学 | Method by utilizing cassava starch hydrolyzate to prepare high-energy feed |
| CN102845645A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2013-01-02 | 合肥基石生物工程有限公司 | Preparation method of soluble easily-digested feed for young livestock and poultry |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109258921A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-01-25 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of fermentation material of the Maize-Peanut dregs of rice, its fermentation process and application |
| CN112808739A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-18 | 深圳市麦田友品科技有限公司 | Biodegradation method of starch and coffee residue, tea residue and bagasse |
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