RU2466552C2 - Method of producing feed additive from grain raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: barley or oats or buckwheat is mixed with water and kept under constant stirring for 1-1.5 hours for swelling the grit. In the resulting suspension the cereal grains are added at a ratio of grit and grains from 1:9 to 1:25 and the ratio of the mixture of raw material and water from 1:8 to 1:15. The starch is deliquated by maintaining the suspension mixture of oat or barley or buckwheat and corn for 1 or 1.5 or 2 hours. In the suspension the enzymes are added, and enzymatic hydrolysis of starch contained in the raw material is conducted. Enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out at a temperature of +40 or +45 or +50°C. The resulting hydrolysate is concentrated and dried.

EFFECT: implementation of the invention enables to obtain feed additive that provides the binding of heavy metals with indigestible sorption components that, when feed additives are eaten by animals, are excreted from their body with heavy metals.

3 cl, 4 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to methods for producing a feed additive from cereal grains (wheat, rye, barley) and can be used in the microbiological industry and agriculture.

A known method for producing feed sugar for farm animals, including grinding cereal cereal raw materials, mixing the feedstock with water, fermenting with heating to 60 ° C in series with xylanase GXx, amylosubtilin GXx, glucavamorin GXx, filtering the hydrolyzate, evaporating and drying (RF Patent No. 2270578, IPC A23K 1/14, published on 05/20/2005). Moreover, the mixing of raw materials with water is carried out to a hydraulic module of 4: 1, and fermentation is carried out in three stages. At the first stage of fermentation, GZx xylanase is added in an amount of 0.1% by weight of the dry starting material until 90% of pentosans are cleaved. The fermentation time is 4 hours. In the second stage, amylosubtilin GXx is added in an amount of 0.2% by weight of the dry starting material until 90% of the starch is cleaved. The time of the second stage is 8 hours. In the third stage, glucavamorin GXx is added in an amount of 0.2% by weight of the dry starting material to accumulate 90% of monosaccharides. The time of the third stage is 8 hours. The product is filtered to obtain a non-hydrolyzed residue - 15-20% by weight of the dry feedstock, the purified hydrolyzate is evaporated to a moisture content of 45-50% and dried.

There is another method for producing sugar products from grain raw materials, which involves preparing a suspension of the feedstock by mixing it with water, liquefying the suspension during heating and enzymatic hydrolysis of the starch contained in the raw material (RF Patent No. 2285725, IPC С13К 1/04, publ. 20.10. 2006). Water before preparation of the suspension is subjected to activation in a rotary pulsation apparatus for 5-15 minutes and the preparation of the suspension, its liquefaction and enzymatic hydrolysis of starch is carried out in the same apparatus, while the liquefaction process is carried out at a temperature of 50-75 ° C. Hydrolysis of starch is carried out at a temperature of 55-67 ° C to a given carbohydrate composition to obtain the finished product. When using wheat grains, enzymatic hydrolysis of starch is carried out with amylosubtiline with an activity of EA = 1000 units. in an amount of 5 g per 30 kg of grain and then glucavamorin activity EA = 3000 units. in the amount of 5.5 g per 30 kg of grain at a temperature of 55-57 ° C.

The closest analogue (prototype) is a method of producing a sugar-rich feed product on grain raw materials, which includes grinding the feedstock, adding water, hydrolysis, followed by isolation of the finished product, concentration and drying (RF patent No. 2083130, IPC A23J 1/12, publ. 10.07 .1997). Crushed grain or bran, or flour is used as the feedstock, after adding water, the feedstock is saccharified by its own enzymes, heated to 60-70 ° C, acid hydrolysis is carried out at pH 1-3 and a temperature of 60-70 ° C for 1-1, 5 hours, and enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out by a composition of enzymes: amylosubtilin, glucavamorin and protease, before concentration, the hydrolyzate is neutralized to pH 6 7.5, the concentration is carried out by evaporation, and additional mineral components are introduced before drying.

The disadvantage of the above analogues, including the prototype, is that heavy metals, such as Zn, Cd, Cu, Fe, etc., contained both in water and in the feedstock, get into animal feed or feed additives when they cooking, and then, ultimately, to humans through foods of animal origin.

The technical result of the present invention is the provision of binding in the feed additive of heavy metals with indigestible sorption components, which when consumed with feed additives by animals are excreted from their body together with heavy metals.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of obtaining a feed additive from grain raw materials involves mixing with water pearl barley, or oat, or buckwheat, keeping under continuous stirring for 1 ÷ 1.5 hours to swell the cereal, introducing cereal grains into the resulting suspension the ratio of cereals and grains from 1: 9 to 1:25 and the ratio of the mixture of raw materials and water from 1: 8 to 1:15, liquefaction of starch by keeping a suspension of a mixture of pearl barley, oat, or buckwheat and grain for 1 or 1.5 or 2 hours, farm introduction nt into a suspension and enzymatic hydrolysis of the starch contained in the raw material, the enzymatic hydrolysis being carried out at a temperature of +40, or +45, or + 50 ° C, and the resulting hydrolyzate is concentrated by evaporation of water and dried, for example, in a spray dryer.

Amylosubtilin and glucavamorin are used as enzymes.

Description of the method of obtaining feed additives from grain raw materials

Initially, the water is heated to a temperature of +40 to + 75 ° C, then pearl barley, or oat, or buckwheat is introduced and kept under constant stirring for 1 to 1.5 hours to swell the cereal. Pre-crushed grain (wheat or barley or rye) is introduced into the resulting suspension with a cereal and cereal grain ratio of 1: 9 to 1:25 and a raw material-water mixture ratio of 1: 8 to 1:15. The resulting mixture of cereals and crushed grains in the form of a suspension is incubated for 1 to 2 hours at a temperature in the range from +40 to + 75 ° C, to thin the starch and bind heavy metals with a detoxifying cereal. Next, enzymes are introduced into the suspension at a temperature of +40 to + 50 ° C and enzymatic hydrolysis of the starch contained in the feed is carried out. As enzymes, amylosubtiline is used in an amount of 1.0 to 1.5 g per 1 kg of raw materials with an activity of 1500 EA in 1 g and glucavamorin in an amount of 0.7 to 1.0 g per 1 kg of raw materials with an activity of 5000 EA in 1 d. The process is carried out in the same fermenter unit for 2 to 4 hours and stops when the required sugar concentration is reached. Next, the resulting hydrolyzate is pumped into the dryer, where it is concentrated to a moisture content of 45% to 50% by gentle evaporation at a temperature of +55 to + 60 ° C. Then the concentrate is transferred, for example, to a spray dryer, and dried to a moisture content of the final product of 14%.

The absorbent properties of cereals are confirmed by experimental studies. The absorption mechanism consists in the high holding capacity of heavy metals, in particular: Pb, Cu, Fe, Cd, etc., by the cellulose matrix of the product due to chemisorption.

The absorbing properties of cereals to different metals are different. Table 1 shows the data on the absorbing abilities of cereals in relation to metal pollutants widely distributed in nature. The most versatile product is oatmeal.

The concentration of cereal in the suspension, which contains heavy and other metals, does not exceed 10% due to the cost of the final product and is calculated depending on the content in the initial solutions - both in water and in the grain raw materials of polluting metals, the absorbent properties of the cellulose matrix of cereals and grain raw materials involved in the process of hydrolysis of starch-containing raw materials.

The soaking time of cereals from 1 to 1.5 hours at a temperature of +40 to + 75 ° C is due to the fact that the cereal under these conditions with constant movement swells well enough and the entire volume of water is processed. With the addition of the main grain raw materials, the metals contained in it, while liquefying starch, are also absorbed by the cellulose matrix. Starch, which is part of cereals, after enzymatic hydrolysis is split into monosugar and creates an additional volume of sugars in this solution.

Due to the fact that many metals are inhibitors that interfere with the enzymatic hydrolysis of cereal grains in a fermenter-homogenizer to obtain sugar-containing feed, which naturally reduces the yield of sugars when processing grain raw materials into a carbohydrate feed additive. When cereals are used, the optimal hydrolysis of grain raw materials occurs, up to 100% starch is processed into sugar.

Table 1 Heavy Metal Grain Binding Data No. p / p Name of cereals The amount of bound metals mg / g cereal Cu Fe Pb one pearl barley 1,02 - 16.1 2 buckwheat 0.62 - 15.1 3 oatmeal 1.32 2.42 16.3

The following are examples 1, 2 and 3 of a specific implementation of the method.

Example 1. First, pearl barley in the amount of 1.5 kg is mixed with preheated water with a volume of 120 l up to + 70 ° C and kept under continuous stirring for 1 hour to swell the cereal. Into the resulting suspension, pre-crushed wheat grain in the amount of 13.5 kg is introduced at a ratio of cereal and crushed wheat grain of 1: 9 and a ratio of the mixture of raw materials and water of 1: 8. The resulting mixture in the form of a suspension is kept for 1.5 hours at a temperature of + 70 ° C to liquefy starch and bind heavy metals with pearl barley, a detoxifier. Further, after lowering the temperature of the suspension to

Enzymes are introduced at + 50 ° C and enzymatic hydrolysis of the starch contained in the feed is carried out. Amylosubtiline in the amount of 15 g per 15 kg of the obtained mixture of raw materials with an activity of 1,500 EA in 1 g and glucavamorin in an amount of 10.5 g per 15 kg of a mixture of raw materials with an activity of 5,000 EA in 1 g are used as enzymes. The process is carried out in the same fermenter unit for 2 hours while maintaining the temperature + 50 ° С. Next, the resulting hydrolyzate is pumped into the dryer, where it is concentrated to a moisture content of 50% by gentle evaporation at a temperature of + 55 ° C. Then the concentrate is transferred, for example, to a spray dryer, and dried to a moisture content of the final product of 14%.

Example 2. First, mixed with pre-heated water with a volume of 160 l to + 40 ° C, oatmeal in the amount of 1 kg and incubated with constant stirring for 1 hour 15 minutes to swell the cereal. In the suspension obtained, pre-crushed barley grain in the amount of 15 kg is introduced at a ratio of cereal and crushed barley grain of 1:15 and a ratio of the mixture of raw materials and water 1:10. The resulting mixture in the form of a suspension is kept for 1 hour at a temperature of + 40 ° C to liquefy starch and bind heavy metals with oatmeal detoxifier. Next, enzymes are introduced into the suspension at the same temperature and enzymatic hydrolysis of the starch contained in the feed is carried out. Amylosubtiline in the amount of 20.8 g per 16 kg of raw material with an activity of 1,500 EA in 1 g and glucavamorin in an amount of 14.4 g per 16 kg of raw material with an activity of 5,000 EA in 1 g are used as enzymes. The process is carried out in the same unit -enzyme for 2.5 hours, while maintaining a temperature of + 40 ° C. Then, the resulting hydrolyzate is pumped to the dryer, where it is concentrated to a moisture content of 48% by gentle evaporation at a temperature of + 59 ° C. Then the concentrate is transferred, for example, to a spray dryer, and dried to a moisture content of the final product of 14%.

Example 3. Initially, buckwheat in the amount of 0.5 kg is mixed with preheated water of 195 l to + 75 ° C and kept under continuous stirring for 1.5 hours to swell the cereal. Pre-crushed rye grain in the amount of 12.5 kg is introduced into the resulting suspension with a ratio of buckwheat and crushed rye grain 1:25 and a ratio of a mixture of raw materials and water 1:15. The resulting mixture in the form of a suspension is kept for 2 hours at a temperature of + 75 ° C to liquefy starch and bind heavy metals with buckwheat-detoxifier. Then, after lowering the temperature of the suspension to + 45 ° C, enzymes are introduced and enzymatic hydrolysis of the starch contained in the feed is carried out. Amylosubtiline in the amount of 19.5 g per 13 kg of raw materials with an activity of 1500 EA in 1 g and glucavamorin in an amount of 13.0 g per 13 kg of raw materials with an activity of 5000 EA in 1 g are used as enzymes. The process is carried out in the same unit -enzyme for 4 hours, while maintaining a temperature of + 45 ° C. Next, the resulting hydrolyzate is pumped into the dryer, where it is concentrated to a moisture content of 50% by gentle evaporation at a temperature of + 60 ° C. Then the concentrate is transferred, for example, to a spray dryer, and dried to a moisture content of the final product of 14%.

Obtained by the present method, the feed additive from grain raw materials is a homogeneous powder from light yellow to dark brown with a moisture content of 14%. Its composition, as well as the content of metals, vitamins and amino acids, are presented in tables 2, 3, 4.

table 2 The composition of the inventive feed additives Indicator Content in 1 kg of additive dry matter, g 846.6 feed units 1.15 exchange energy, MJ 11.35 crude protein, g 130.2 crude fiber, g 50.8 digestible protein, g 114.5 fat, g 12,4 Bev, g 629.4 including sugar, g 309.0

Table 3 The results of a chemical analysis of the inventive feed additives for the content of metals and vitamins The name of indicators Units Test results ND on test methods calcium mg / kg 1066.0 ± 400.0 GOST 26570 iron mg / kg 379.2 ± 92.9 GOST 27998 magnesium mg / kg 1894.3 ± 306.2 GOST 30502 zinc mg / kg 32.1 ± 6.7 GOST 30692 copper mg / kg 4.7 ± 1.1 GOST 30692 manganese mg / kg 39.5 ± 9.5 GOST 27997 vitamin D ₃ IU / kg Less than 5 GOST R 50928 vitamin e IU / kg Less than 10 GOST R 50928 vitamin b ₅ g / t Less than 10 GOST R 50929 vitamin b ₆ g / t Less than 10 GOST R 50929

Table 4 The results of a chemical analysis of the inventive feed additives for amino acids No. p / p Amino acid From dry matter,% one asparagine 0.53 2 threonine 0.58 3 serine 0.45 four glutamine 3.13 5 proline 0.90 6 glycine 0.56 7 alanine 0.45 8 valine 0.46 9 methionine 0.22 10 isoleucine 0.61 eleven leucine 1.05 12 tyrosine 0.36 13 phenylalanine 0.67 fourteen histidine 0.21 fifteen lysine 0.40 16 arginine 0.58

Example 4. The use of the inventive feed additives in the diet of calves in CJSC Plemzavod "Irmen", Novosibirsk region, 2010

As an experimental group were taken 20 animals (10 gobies and 10 heifers) of the black-motley breed of the Irmensky type at the age of 1 month and 10 animals (5 heifers and gobies each) in the control group. All animals were in a common calf, in a normal production environment, in individual cages. The main diet of calves consisted of: 6 l of whole milk for heifers or 6 l of milk replacer for bulls, 1.5 kg of a mixture of crushed oats, wheat, barley with 5 g of soybean meal and 5 g of sunflower meal, hay and hay.

In addition to the main diet, the experimental group was given a dry carbohydrate feed supplement obtained by the claimed technology for 51 days (from the age of one month before being transferred to the general group) according to the following scheme:

from 1st to 3rd day - 50 g,

from the 4th to the 6th day - 100 g,

from the 7th to the 27th day -150 g,

from the 28th to the 41st day - 200 g,

from the 42nd to the 51st day - 250 g.

The first 6 days of feeding the supplement were adaptive. Further, the supplement was given at the rate of 3 g per 1 kg of live weight with periodic adjustment depending on the weight gained and eatability. The additive was added to the bucket with the grain mixture once a day.

At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis.

As a result of the experiment, the following data were obtained:

1. During the experiment, gastrointestinal disorders and respiratory diseases were not recorded.

2. The average daily gain in live weight of animals from birth to transfer to the general group in the experimental group was 544 g in gobies and 696 g in heifers; in the control group of animals - 467 g in calves and 615 g in heifers. An additional daily gain in live weight in the experimental group of animals was 77 g (16.48%) in gobies and 81 g (13.17%) in heifers.

3. The results of a biochemical analysis of blood serum showed a normalization of its electrolyte composition in a group of experimental animals, as well as an increase in glucose from 0.5 mmol / L to 2.1 mmol / L in heifers and 1.7 mmol / L in gobies. In the control group of animals, the electrolyte composition of the blood remained unchanged, the glucose content increased from 0.5 mmol / l to only 0.9 mmol / l (with a norm of 2.3-4.1 mmol / l).

4. The use of a dry carbohydrate supplement made it possible to obtain an additional gain in calves of 64.96 kg and 62.44 kg in calves, which, in total, was 127.4 kg. The total consumption of the feed additive during the feeding period was 175 kg. At a price of 1 kg of live weight of calves 100 rubles / kg, the cost of additional production received amounted to 12,740 rubles. At the price of dry carbohydrate feed supplement 15 rubles / kg, additional costs amounted to 2625 rubles. Those. for 1 ruble invested in a feed additive, 4.85 ruble of additional products were received.

Since fiber (cellulose matrix) is practically not involved in the digestion of monogastric animals and poultry, as well as young ruminants due to undeveloped cicatricial digestion during the milk period of cultivation, it is naturally excreted along with heavy metals from the body. Thus, the feed additive obtained by the present method can be effectively used in the feeding of monogastric animals, as well as young ruminants.

In animals receiving a sugar-containing feed additive produced in accordance with the claimed technology in the diet, the content of heavy metals in the body is reduced, which ensures the production of environmentally friendly food products produced from the biological raw materials of these animals.

Claims (3)

1. A method of obtaining a feed additive from grain raw materials, including mixing with water pearl barley, oat, or buckwheat, keeping under continuous stirring for 1 ÷ 1.5 hours to swell the cereal, introducing cereal grain into the resulting suspension at a ratio of cereal and grain from 1: 9 to 1:25 and a ratio of the mixture of raw materials and water from 1: 8 to 1:15, liquefying starch by keeping a suspension of a mixture of pearl barley, or oat, or buckwheat and grain for 1, or 1.5, or 2 h, the introduction of enzymes in suspension and enzymatic hydrolysis of starch, soda rzhaschegosya in the feedstock, wherein the enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out at a temperature of +40 or +45 or + 50 ° C, and the resulting hydrolyzate is concentrated and dried. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that amylosubtilin and glucavamorin are used as enzymes. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the obtained hydrolyzate is concentrated by evaporation of water, and its drying is carried out in a spray dryer.