RU2785172C1 - Direct-flow group cyclone with an axial inlet for pre-purification of a gas mixture from suspended particles of carbon black produced as a result of thermal destruction of waste water sludge, or rubber chips produced from used automobile tyres, or wood chips produced from used railway sleepers, or electric supports impregnated with creosote - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: gas treatment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to an apparatus for pre-purification of a gas mixture from suspended carbon black particles with a temperature of 760 to 800 °C on entry into the apparatus, in particular, to a direct-flow group cyclone with an axial inlet. Direct-flow group cyclone with an axial inlet for pre-purification of a gas mixture from suspended particles of carbon black produced as a result of thermal destruction of waste water sludge, or rubber chips produced from used automobile tyres, or wood chips produced from used railway sleepers, or electric supports impregnated with creosote. The cyclone is equipped with a distributor, confusers, an external casing with a cavity, a lower bellows, an external intake branch pipe and an external discharge branch pipe, heat sink tape helices, a cover with through holes, an upper flange, a support with through holes, and a lower flange. The vertical body with a through cavity is formed by four vertical pipes, each of said pipes containing an external surface, an upper end section, a lower end section, and a tubular cavity. The upper end sections of the vertical pipes are positioned in the through holes of the cover with through holes and fastened to the latter. The lower end sections of the vertical pipes are placed in the dust collection chamber under the support with through holes and are in communication with the holes thereof. The heat sink tape helices are secured onto the external surfaces.

EFFECT: possibility of compensating for heat expansions and elongations of the structural elements of the cyclone for the event when the temperature of the gas mixture and the suspended carbon black particles at the point of entry into the cyclone reaches 760 to 800 °C, expanding the range of functional capabilities of the cyclone by means of partial takeoff of heat energy from the gas mixture and the suspended carbon black particles.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

Group direct-flow cyclone with an axial inlet for preliminary purification of the gas mixture from suspended particles of carbon black obtained as a result of thermal destruction of sewage sludge, or crumb rubber obtained from used car tires, or wood chips obtained from used railway sleepers, or electrical supports impregnated with creosote.

The invention relates to a device for preliminary purification of a gas mixture from suspended particles of carbon black, the temperature of which at the inlet to the device is 760-800 ° C, in particular, to a group direct-flow cyclone with an axial inlet, can be used in the chemical industry for the processing of industrial and other waste where there is a need to clean the gas mixture from suspended particles of carbon black obtained as a result of thermal destruction of sewage sludge, or crumb rubber obtained from used car tires, or wood chips obtained from used railway sleepers, or electrical poles impregnated with creosote.

A straight-through cyclone is known, containing a vertical housing with a through cavity, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a vane swirler, a dust collection chamber, a vane swirler placed in the cavity and fixed to the body, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe and a dust collection chamber communicated with the cavity (RU 2136349 C1 , 09/10/1999).

A straight-through cyclone is also known, containing a vertical body with a through cavity, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a vane swirler, a dust collection chamber, a vane swirler placed in the cavity and fixed to the body, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe and a dust collection chamber connected with the cavity (RU 61156 U1, February 27, 2007). This technical solution, as the closest in terms of essential features including purpose, is selected as the closest analogue (prototype) for the claimed invention.

Technical problem: known once-through cyclone has significant disadvantages, which are as follows. Known once-through cyclone (hereinafter also cyclone) cannot provide a functional purpose for the case when it is required to carry out preliminary purification of the gas mixture from suspended particles of carbon black, the temperature of which at the inlet to the device is 760-800°C. This is explained by the fact that the cyclone contains structural elements, which, when exposed to a temperature of 760-800°C of the gas mixture and suspended particles of carbon black, change their geometric dimensions by different values, i.e. there are thermal expansions of various sizes, elongations of the structural elements of the cyclone, while the known cyclone does not contain special means to compensate for these expansions, elongations. This drawback leads to the occurrence of significant stresses in the structural elements of the cyclone, which is the cause of their mechanical destruction and loss of efficiency by the cyclone, and, therefore, the known cyclone cannot realize the required purpose for the case of supplying a gas mixture and suspended particles of carbon black with a temperature of 760-760 to the cyclone. 800°C. Known cyclone is devoid of special structural elements that compensate for thermal expansion, elongation of the elements of the cyclone.

The next disadvantage is that the known cyclone has limited functionality, because. does not have a system for partial extraction of thermal energy from the gas mixture and suspended particles of carbon black, which are fed into the cyclone with a temperature of 760-800°C, immediately at the time of preliminary purification of the gas mixture from suspended particles of carbon black. This disadvantage of the known cyclone is the cause of the release of thermal energy into the environment.

This technical problem is significant and requires its resolution. The actual circumstances indicate the existence of a need to expand the arsenal of technical means for a specific purpose by creating a new device devoid of these shortcomings.

The problem to be solved by the claimed invention is the expansion of the arsenal of technical means for a specific purpose by creating a new device with a generic feature "Group direct-flow cyclone with an axial inlet for preliminary purification of the gas mixture from suspended particles of carbon black obtained as a result of thermal destruction of sewage sludge , or rubber crumb obtained from used car tires, or wood chips obtained from used railway sleepers, or electric poles impregnated with creosote "(hereinafter also cyclone), ensuring the functional purpose of the cyclone by compensating for thermal expansions and elongations of the structural elements of the cyclone for the case, when the temperature of the gas mixture and suspended particles of carbon black at the point of supply to the cyclone is 760-800°C, the expansion of the functionality of the cyclone by providing partial removal of thermal energy from the gas mixture and suspended particles carbon black, which are fed into the cyclone with a temperature of 760-800°C, immediately at the time of preliminary purification of the gas mixture from suspended particles of carbon black.

As a general rule, a technical problem may consist in expanding the arsenal of tools for a specific purpose, which is solved by creating a technical solution that is alternative to a known solution (creating a variant of a well-known solution), or it can consist in creating a tool for a specific purpose for the first time, while as a technical result provided by such invention, the implementation of the specified purpose by the invention should be considered.

As a general rule, if an invention provides several technical results, it is recommended to indicate all technical results.

The obtained technical result (main) is the implementation of the purpose for the case when the temperature of the gas mixture and suspended particles of carbon black at the place of supply to the cyclone is 760-800°C.

The resulting technical result (additional) - providing compensation for thermal expansions and elongations of the structural elements of the cyclone for the case when the temperature of the gas mixture and suspended particles of carbon black, at the point of supply to the cyclone, is 760-800 ° C, expanding the functionality of the cyclone by providing partial selection of thermal energy from the gas mixture and suspended particles of carbon black, which are fed into the cyclone with a temperature of 760-800°C, immediately at the time of preliminary purification of the gas mixture from suspended particles of carbon black.

The technical result is a characteristic of the technical effect, phenomenon, properties, etc., objectively manifested in the manufacture or use of the device.

The technical result is presented by the applicant in such a way as to enable the specialist to understand its semantic content based on the prior art.

The Applicant disclosed the problem to be solved by the claimed invention, indicating the technical result provided by it.

The known device contains structural elements presented in the singular, for example: "outlet pipe", "vane swirler", the applicant believes it is possible to use these features in the plural as known from the prototype, which is necessary to ensure the characteristics of the essence of the proposed cyclone.

The essence of the claimed invention lies in the fact that a group direct-flow cyclone with an axial inlet for preliminary purification of the gas mixture from suspended particles of carbon black obtained as a result of thermal destruction of sewage sludge, or crumb rubber obtained from used car tires, or wood chips, obtained from used railway sleepers, or electric poles impregnated with creosote, containing a vertical body with a through cavity, an inlet pipe, outlet pipes, vane swirlers, a dust collection chamber, vane swirlers are placed in the cavity and fixed to the body, an inlet pipe, outlet pipes and a chamber dust extraction are connected with the cavity, according to the well-known technical solution, that it is equipped with a distributor, confusers, an external casing with a cavity, a lower bellows, an external inlet pipe and an external outlet pipe, tape spirals for heat removal, a cover with through holes ties, an upper flange, a support with through holes, a lower flange, while the external inlet pipe and the outer outlet pipe are connected with the cavity, the outer casing is formed by the upper section and the lower section, and the lower bellows is placed between them and fixed to the latter, the upper section is fastened to upper flange, and the lower section is fastened with a support with through holes, the cover with through holes, by means of a fastener, is fastened to the upper flange, and the support with through holes, by means of a fastener, is fastened to the lower flange, which is fixed to the dust extraction chamber, vertical the housing with a through cavity is formed by four vertical pipes, each of which contains an outer surface, an upper end section, a lower end section and a pipe cavity, while the upper end sections of the vertical pipes are placed in the through holes of the cover with through holes and are fastened to the latter, and the lower end sections sections of vertical pipe b placed in the dust extraction chamber under a support with through holes and communicated with its holes, while tape spirals for heat removal are fixed to the outer surfaces, and the through cavity is formed by four pipe cavities, the outlet pipes are fixed to the dust extraction chamber, the confusers are located at the bottom of the distributor, fastened with a cover with through holes and a distributor, communicated with the pipe cavities, a distributor and an inlet pipe formed by an upper bellows.

The essence of the invention, as a technical solution, is expressed by the applicant in the totality of essential features necessary and sufficient to achieve the technical result provided by the invention. It is the claimed set of features of the invention that is necessary for the invention to realize the purpose and obtain the claimed technical result.

The claimed invention is a technical solution related to the device, because the claims contain a set of essential features related to the device, sufficient to solve the specified technical problem and achieve the technical result provided by the invention.

The claimed invention does not contradict the known laws of nature and the knowledge of modern science about them.

The claimed features of the invention, which are expressed in the independent claim, are essential, because they affect the possibility of obtaining the specified technical result, i.e. are in a direct causal relationship with the technical result.

A comparative analysis of the invention with the prototype shows that the claimed invention has common features with the prototype:

- vertical body with a through cavity;

- inlet pipe;

- outlet pipes;

- blade swirlers;

- dust collection chamber;

- bladed swirlers are placed in the cavity and fixed to the body;

- inlet pipe;

- outlet branch pipes, the dust collection chamber are connected with the cavity.

The claimed invention differs from the closest analogue (prototype) by a new set of features:

- equipped with a distributor, confusers, an outer casing with a cavity, a lower bellows, an external inlet pipe and an outer outlet pipe, tape spirals for heat removal, a cover with through holes, an upper flange, a support with through holes, a lower flange;

- external inlet pipe and external outlet pipe are connected with the cavity;

- the outer casing is formed by the upper section and the lower section, the lower bellows is placed between them and fixed to the latter;

- the upper section is fastened to the upper flange;

- the bottom section is fastened with a support with through holes;

- a cover with through holes, by means of a fastener, is fastened to the upper flange;

- a support with through holes, by means of a fastener, is fastened to the lower flange, which is fixed to the dust extraction chamber;

- vertical body with a through cavity is formed by four vertical pipes, each of which contains the outer surface, the upper end section, the lower end section and the tube cavity;

- the upper end sections of the vertical pipes are placed in the through holes of the cover with through holes and fastened to the latter;

- the lower end sections of the vertical pipes are placed in the dust extraction chamber under the support with through holes and communicate with its holes;

- tape spirals for heat removal are fixed to the outer surfaces;

- the through cavity is formed by four tubular cavities;

- outlet pipes are fixed to the dust collection chamber;

- the confusers are located at the bottom of the distributor, fastened to the cover with through holes and the distributor, communicated with the pipe cavities, the distributor and the inlet pipe formed by the top bellows.

It is the formation of the inlet pipe with the upper bellows, as well as the supply and subsequent fixation of the lower bellows between the upper and lower sections, that, along with other design features, provide the functional purpose of the cyclone, compensation for thermal expansions and elongations of the structural elements of the cyclone for the case when the temperature of the gas mixture and suspended particles of carbon black, at the point of supply to the cyclone, 760-800°C.

It is the formation of a vertical body with a through cavity by four vertical pipes, each of which contains an outer surface, an upper end section, a lower end section and a pipe cavity, fastening to the outer surfaces of the tape spirals for heat removal, as well as supplying the cyclone with an external casing with a cavity, an external inlet pipe and an external outlet branch pipe, provide partial removal of thermal energy from the gas mixture and suspended particles of carbon black, which are fed into the cyclone with a temperature of 760-800°C, immediately at the time of preliminary cleaning of the gas mixture from suspended particles of carbon black. Tape spirals for heat removal are aimed at increasing the heat transfer surface, and the length of each individual spiral is greater than the length of the pipe itself, with which it is fastened. The outer surfaces of the four vertical pipes are also aimed at increasing the heat transfer surface.

Figure 1 - shows a General view of the cyclone; figure 2 - section A-A figure 1; figure 3 is an enlarged view of the element of the cyclone - blade swirler; figure 4 is an enlarged view of the element of the cyclone - blade swirler blade; figure 5 - view D in figure 4.

In figure 1, the arrows indicate the direction of movement of the product.

The cyclone contains the following structural elements:

inlet pipe 1 (see figure 1), distributor 2, cover with through holes 3, upper flange 4, cavity 5 (see figure 2), outer inlet pipe 6, support with through holes 7, bottom flange 8, chamber dust extraction 9, outlet pipes 10, pipe cavity 11 (see Fig.3), outer outlet pipe 12, tape spirals for heat removal 13, vertical pipes 14, lower section 15, lower bellows 16, vaned swirlers 17, upper section 18, confusers 19, axis 20 (see figure 3), blades 21 (see figure 3, 4, 5). The lower section 15 with the external inlet pipe 6 and the outer outlet pipe 12, the upper section 18 and the lower bellows 16 form an outer casing with a cavity 5.

All the parts indicated by the positions in figures 1-5 are made of standardized corrosion-resistant steel: 08X18H10T, 12X18H10T, 10X17H13M2T, 10X17H13M3T according to GOST 5632, 06X18H10T according to GOST 10498.

The lower bellows 16, as well as the bellows that formed the inlet pipe 1, are made of two layers of steel sheets, and their shape was used in accordance with GOST R 55019-2012 "Multilayer metal bellows". The distributor 2 is hollow and formed from steel sheet elements by welding. The inlet pipe 1 is fixed to the distributor 2. The external inlet pipe 6 and the outer outlet pipe 12 are connected with the cavity 5. The lower bellows 16 is placed between the upper section 18 and the lower section 15 and is fixed to the latter. The upper section 18 is fastened to the upper flange 4. The lower section 15 is fastened to the support with through holes 7. The cover with through holes 3, by means of a fastener, is fastened to the upper flange 4. The support with through holes 7, by means of a fastener, is fastened to the lower flange 8, which is fixed to the dust collection chamber 9. The vertical housing with a through cavity is formed by four vertical pipes, each of which contains an external surface, one of which is designated B, an upper end section, a lower end section and a tube cavity, one of which is indicated by position 11 The upper end sections of the vertical pipes are placed in the through holes of the cover with through holes 3 and fastened to the latter. The lower end sections of the vertical pipes are placed in the dust extraction chamber 9 under the support with through holes 7 and communicate with its holes. Ribbon spirals for heat removal are fixed to the outer surfaces of the vertical pipes, one of which is indicated by the position 13. The through cavity is formed by four pipe cavities, one of which is indicated by the position 11. Outlet pipes, one of which is indicated by the position 10, are fixed to the dust extraction chamber 9. Confusers 19 are located at the bottom of the distributor 2, fastened to the cover with through holes 3 and the distributor 2, communicated with the pipe cavities, the distributor 2 and the inlet pipe 1 formed by the top bellows. Standardized bolts, screws, nuts and washers are used as fasteners. The cyclone contains four bladed swirlers, one of which is indicated by the position 17. Each individual bladed swirler contains an axis 20 and blades 21 (see Fig.3, 4, 5). The blades 21, by means of welds, are attached to the outer surface of the axis 20. The optimal number of blades 21 fixed on the axis 20 is 4 - 6 pcs. The placement of each vane swirler in the tube cavity is shown in figure 3, one of which is indicated by the position 11. Each individual vane swirler, one of which is indicated by the position 17 (see figure 1), is fixed by means of welds to the inner surface of each individual vertical pipe , one of which is indicated by position 14. The functional purpose of the bladed swirler is the formation of a vortex from the supplied gas mixture with suspended particles of carbon black.

An example of a brief run of a cyclone.

The inlet pipe 1 is made with an inner diameter of 250 mm. Distributor 2 is made with an outer diameter of 800 mm and a height of 450 mm. The confusers are made 250 mm high. The total height of the upper section 18, the lower bellows 16 and the lower section 15 is 2000 mm. The inner diameters of the outer inlet pipe 6 and the outer outlet pipe 12 are 280 mm. The total height of the cyclone is 4300 mm. Were made all the parts shown in Fig.1-5, fastened together, as indicated in Fig.1-5, with the formation of a cyclone. All elements of the cyclone are made of stainless steel, the grades of which are indicated above.

The cyclone works as follows.

To perform the procedure for pre-cleaning the gas mixture from suspended particles of carbon black (hereinafter referred to as the stream), the temperature of which at the inlet to the cyclone is 760-800 ° C, the stream is fed under excess pressure through the inlet pipe 1 (see Fig.1) to the distributor 2, where it is divided into four parts by means of four confusers, one of which is indicated by the position 19. The confusers provide an increase in the flow velocity. Each thread independently enters into interaction with the bladed swirlers, one of which is indicated by the position 17. twisting of the supplied four streams that enter the four tube cavities, one of which is indicated by the position 11 (see Fig.1, 3). As a result of the vortex motion of the flows, a centrifugal force is formed, which throws the suspended particles of carbon black to the periphery of the flows, i.e. to the inner surfaces of the vertical pipes, where their speed is significantly reduced, then the carbon black particles move under the influence of gravity into the dust collection chamber 9 (see figure 1). Further, partially cleaned streams move through the outlet pipes, one of which is indicated by the position 10 (see figure 1), outside the cyclone.

During the operation of the cyclone, thermal energy is removed from the flow by supplying air through the outer inlet pipe 6 into the cavity 5 and its subsequent removal through the outer outlet pipe 12. pipes and tape spirals for heat removal, one of which is indicated by the position 13. As a result of this contact, the supplied air is heated and removed from the cyclone.

Thermal expansions and elongations of the cyclone elements are compensated by the lower bellows 16, as well as the bellows that form the inlet pipe 1. As a result of thermal exposure, the length of the vertical pipes increases, one of which is indicated by position 14. movement in the holes of the support with through holes 7.

The inventive cyclone was manufactured and tested, which expanded the arsenal of technical means for the required purpose, provided a solution to the identified problem and obtained the above technical result.

The invention is a technical solution related to the device, since the claims contain a set of essential features related to the device, sufficient to solve the technical problem indicated by the applicant and achieve the technical result provided by the invention.

From the above list of features of the claimed invention and the solution of the problem, it is clearly seen that the solution is a new set of essential features, as a combination of known and new features that provide a new technical result, unknown at the date of filing this application.

The claimed invention provides a solution to the problem and obtaining a new technical result, which can actually be obtained by using it. There is a direct causal relationship between the set of essential features of the claimed invention and the achieved technical result, because each of the features of the independent claim of the invention is necessary, and together they are sufficient to provide a new technical result. Each essential feature of the invention, which is expressed in an independent claim, affects the achievement of the above technical result.

Each feature of the invention individually is essential, and their combination forms a set of essential features of the invention that affect the achievement of the technical result. The features of the invention, which characterize the mutual placement of individual elements of the device relative to each other, are also significant, because have an impact on the achievement of the technical result and the solution of the problem.

The claimed invention is industrially applicable, because can be used in industry, agriculture, health care and other sectors of the economy or in the social sphere where cyclones are used.

The claimed invention can be reproduced in the form as it is described in an independent claim using known and available materials, technologies, technological equipment and available skills of workers. In the case of the invention, it is indeed possible to implement the above purpose and obtain the claimed technical result. For the manufacture of the cyclone, technological processes and equipment known in the industry are used.

The claimed invention is new, because it is unknown in the prior art. Not known from the prior art set of essential features of the claimed invention and their impact on obtaining the claimed technical result.

The invention has an inventive step, because it does not explicitly follow from the prior art for a specialist.

As a result of the analysis, the applicant came to the conclusion that the invention does not follow for a specialist explicitly from the prior art, because during the audit, no solutions were identified that have signs that coincide with its distinctive features; the knowledge of the influence of the distinctive features on the technical result indicated by the applicant was not confirmed.

The essential features of the invention are technical in nature, identifiable and characterized in terms that are known in the art.

The applicant sufficiently disclosed the essence of the claimed invention in the application documents provided for in subparagraphs 1-4 of paragraph 2 of Article 1375 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation for the implementation of the invention by a specialist in this field of technology, in particular, the application documents contain information about the purpose of the invention, about the technical result provided by the invention discloses a set of essential features necessary to achieve the technical result indicated by the applicant, and also complies with the established requirements for application documents used when disclosing the essence of the invention and disclosing information about the possibility of carrying out the invention.

The set of essential features of the claimed invention is necessary and sufficient to obtain the claimed technical result. The claimed set of features of the invention provides an unexpected, unusual supertotal technical result, which exceeds the technical result obtained from each essential feature separately, in relation to the objects of the specified purpose.

Thus, the claimed invention is a device that meets the required conditions for the patentability of the invention, provides a new technical result and solves the problem.

Claims (1)

Group direct-flow cyclone with an axial inlet for preliminary purification of the gas mixture from suspended particles of carbon black obtained as a result of thermal destruction of sewage sludge, or crumb rubber obtained from used car tires, or wood chips obtained from used railway sleepers, or electrical supports impregnated with creosote, containing a vertical body with a through cavity, an inlet pipe, outlet pipes, vane swirlers, a dust collection chamber, vane swirlers are placed in the cavity and fixed to the body, an inlet pipe, outlet pipes and a dust collection chamber are connected with the cavity, characterized in that that it is equipped with a distributor, confusers, an outer casing with a cavity, a lower bellows, an external inlet pipe and an outer outlet pipe, tape spirals for heat removal, a cover with through holes, an upper flange, a support with through holes, a lower flange, while m, the outer inlet pipe and the outer outlet pipe are connected with the cavity, the outer casing is formed by the upper section and the lower section, and the lower bellows is placed between them and fixed to the latter, the upper section is fastened to the upper flange, and the lower section is fastened to the support with through holes, cover with through holes, by means of a fastener, is fastened to the upper flange, and the support with through holes, by means of fasteners, is fastened to the lower flange, which is fixed to the dust extraction chamber, the vertical housing with a through cavity is formed by four vertical pipes, each of which contains an external the surface, the upper end section, the lower end section and the pipe cavity, while the upper end sections of the vertical pipes are placed in the through holes of the cover with through holes and fastened to the latter, and the lower end sections of the vertical pipes are placed in the dust collection chamber under the support with through holes and reported with its holes, while tape spirals for heat removal are fixed to the outer surfaces, and the through cavity is formed by four pipe cavities, the outlet pipes are fixed to the dust extraction chamber, the confusers are located at the bottom of the distributor, fastened to the cover with through holes and the distributor, communicated with the pipe cavities, distributor and inlet branch pipe formed by the top bellows.

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