RU2783960C2 - Method for preventive fire extinguishing with subsequent suppression of conditions for ignition of fuel-air mixture and existent fire load from secondary ignition sources - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire security.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of prevention of fires and explosions; it can be used for introduction in a wide range of military and civilian vehicles and on stationary objects by combination of already existing fire extinguishing systems and different systems for prevention of events catastrophic for protected objects (active protection complexes, optic-electronic suppression complexes, systems of an “adaptive cruise control” type, systems of an “autopilot” type, collision prevention systems, etc., or from an outer control source (for example, from an automated system for department control), etc.). A system for explosion and fire protection of a protected object is made with the possibility of preliminary detection of a danger of damage to the protected object and, in an automatic mode, preliminary activation of a fire extinguishing system before the object is damaged in order to create unfavorable conditions for fire and explosion of a fuel-air mixture inside the protected object and to create of unfavorable conditions for ignition of fire load being in protected compartments. If there is a possibility, in order to suppress possible fire and explosion, fuel is emergency discharge, fuel lines are blocked, power supply lines are disconnected, and dangerous fire load is isolated inside protected volumes. After damage to the protected object, in an automatic mode or by signals of fire-prevention sensors, actuating devices (mechanisms) of the fire extinguishing system are reactivated for suppression of secondary ignition sources, and main power supply lines of the damaged compartment (if it was not performed before) are disconnected.

EFFECT: obtaining a system for fire and explosion protection.

4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The scope of the invention. The invention relates to equipment for fire suppression and fire extinguishing in various fixed objects, vehicles, including situations where these vehicles are under fire during combat operations or as a result of terrorist actions, including shelling with grenade launchers, artillery shells and mines, rockets , as well as other means of destruction, as well as to equipment designed to ensure rescue (survival) in case of road traffic accidents (RTA).

The defeat (penetration) of a vehicle or an immovable object by ammunition of various types, depending on the place of impact and the internal structure, is often accompanied by an emergency leak from the pierced tanks and lines of fuel, hydraulic fluid, brake fluid, coolant (antifreeze and its analogues), oil or combustible gas (for example, for vehicles on gas motor fuel). In case of leaks, fuel-air mixtures are formed, the fire hazardous properties of which are well studied by science and practice - there are so-called. The "lower" and "upper" concentration limits of distribution, which are currently tabular data, are recognized throughout the world and are known to any specialist in the field of fire safety. The resulting combat damage (damage in an accident) leads to the fact that the amount of fuel in the mixture increases, which, in combination with primary and secondary sources of ignition, is guaranteed to ignite the mixture, and then, depending on the concentration achieved, leads to defragmentation or even volumetric detonation, which leads to catastrophic consequences for people and equipment located in the affected compartments (premises). This explains the need for protected vehicles (or fixed objects) to have fast and effective fire extinguishing equipment. This equipment must quickly detect and immediately spray the fire extinguishing agent (OA) to effectively extinguish the fire at the initial stage of fire and outbreak. Significant limitations are the speed of the system response (from receiving a signal from sensors about the start of a fire to the start of effective exposure to a fire extinguishing agent) and limitations associated with the fact that many fire extinguishing agents that effectively suppress a fire are incompatible with the life and health of people in the protected compartment (room ), including form toxic substances when heated in a fire flame.

Analogue 1. Manual powder, foam, water, gas fire extinguishers are widely used in various means of transport: in cars, one at least 2 liters, in buses, trucks, locomotives and subway and railway cars at least one 5-10 l or several 2 l, 3 l; in helicopters and airplanes. These fire extinguishers are activated and put out in 1-2 minutes. Known and widely used in passenger cars pulse-spray mini-fire extinguishers with a capacity of: 0.33 l "Impulse-033" Ukraine; 0.25 l "Kid", Russia with actuation and extinguishing in 1-2 seconds.

Flaws. Fire extinguishers are quite inertial - from the moment they are activated to the start of the OA supply within 20-60 seconds. Another disadvantage of the OA jet is that it has a small frontal area - 10-100 times smaller than the fire area - so the operator must have considerable skill in extinguishing with a fire extinguisher, which is absent from the vast majority of drivers, including professionals and military personnel. As a result, in more than 90-95% of cases, fire extinguishers do not perform their task and cars burn down to a repairable state. Also, with the help of fire extinguishers, it is not possible to prevent a volumetric explosion of a mixture of fuel vapors with air, which is formed during an emergency depressurization of a fuel tank or elements of the fuel system, which leads to catastrophic consequences.

Mini pulse spray fire extinguishers eliminate these shortcomings, they are able to provide timely extinguishing of a fire due to a faulty electrical wiring, in a small accident, when the driver is not injured and the ability to quickly and correctly aim at a fire or fire is maintained. From a distance of 1-2 m, mini-fire extinguishers extinguish 1 m ^{2 of} a burning area or up to 2-4 m of a closed or semi-enclosed volume, due to repeated reflections of the front of the fire extinguishing vortex (squall) from the walls, equipment of the engine or passenger compartment.

However, any fire extinguishers in trained hands are not able to work in a timely manner in case of injury to the driver as a result of a serious accident, a terrorist attack using automatic weapons, a grenade launcher, or in a military area when hit by an artillery shell or rocket.

Analogue 2. Buran-7 KDT, Buran-0.5, Buran 2.0 powder fire extinguishing modules of Intellect-Pro LLC (https://iprospb.ru/).

Designed to extinguish fires in transport. The design of the module is designed for increased dynamic, vibration and temperature loads that occur during the operation of various objects of automotive equipment, special machines and railway transport. The modules have small overall dimensions and a special design that allows the fire extinguishing composition to be supplied through pipelines to hard-to-reach places of protected objects. It is widely used in the protection of fire-hazardous compartments of various special equipment and vehicles (excavators, graders, front-end loaders, slag carriers, special rolling stock of Russian Railways), to protect electrical cabinets, cable wells, storage cells for goods in rack-type warehouses, spaces behind suspended ceilings, raised floors, cabinets with high-voltage electrical equipment for suburban electric trains (electric trains) and track machines for various purposes (snow plows, track layers, motorized tires, etc.), for extinguishing fires at facilities with elevated ambient temperatures from -50 ° C to + 100 ° C It has a compact shape and can be installed in cramped overall conditions. "Buran-2.0" are widely used in the protection of diesel generator sets, fire compartments of various special equipment and vehicles (excavators, graders, front loaders, slag carriers, special rolling stock of Russian Railways, river and sea vessels, etc.) .

Flaws. In our opinion, a significant drawback of powder fire extinguishing modules is the algorithm for their operation - it may turn out that under the conditions described in the invention (damage by ammunition or an accident) they are not effective enough, due to the fact that precious time has been lost and the response speed of the actuating devices of the fire extinguishing system is insufficient. In addition, the use of powder fire extinguishing in the habitable compartment is associated with the risk of death and injury to people in it.

Analogue 3. Fire-extinguishing aerosol generators "Doping-1 R. 100" ("Doping-2R.200", "Doping-2R.400") "of the company Intellect-Pro LLC (https://iprospb.ru/). These fire extinguishing agents refer to generators with a radial expiration of a fire extinguishing aerosol.

The fire-extinguishing aerosol generator with a radial aerosol outflow is designed to extinguish fires and fires in conditionally sealed volumes according to GOST 27331-87 of the following classes:

• subclass A2 • combustion of solids, not accompanied by smoldering;

• class B - combustion of liquid substances;

• class E - fires occurring in rooms with cables, electrical installations and electrical equipment energized up to 140 kV;

• as well as for the localization of fires of subclass A1.

The primary area of application for fire-extinguishing aerosol generators is the engine and luggage compartments of vehicles (automobile, railway, water, etc.), electrical cabinets, safes, storage facilities, etc. The aerosol formed as a result of the combustion of the “KEP” composition checker when the generators are triggered does not contain ozone-depleting substances.

Flaws. In our opinion, a significant drawback of fire-extinguishing aerosol generators is the algorithm of their operation - it may turn out that under the conditions described in the invention (damage by ammunition or an accident) they are not effective enough, due to the fact that precious time has been lost and the speed of actuation of the actuating devices of the fire extinguishing system is insufficient. In addition, the use of fire-extinguishing aerosol generators in the habitable compartment is associated with the risk of death and injury to people in it.

Prototype. The equipment of a number of tracked and wheeled fire suppression vehicles, for example, from Kidde-Deugra, detects ignition using sensors located inside the combat vehicle and extinguishes the fire that has begun, preventing it from turning into an explosion in 150 milliseconds, which, according to the developers, protects the crew from fatal the influence of a cumulative jet and flying fragments and drops of hot metal, causing ignition of the fuel-air mixture, combustion products and lack of oxygen as a result of its burning out in a closed volume.

Disadvantages of the system: the presence of a cylinder and a constantly high pressure, the presence of an explosive charge that destroys, with the formation of striking fragments, a membrane for the release of a high-pressure fire-extinguishing jet, there is experimental evidence that effective fire extinguishing and explosion prevention should be carried out in a period of time less than 150 milliseconds from the start of a fire or the moment the ammunition (cumulative jet) penetrates into the internal volumes of the protected vehicle (immovable object). Also, the system is not designed for repeated triggering, therefore, fires from secondary sources of ignition (hot fragments, splashes of molten metal, short circuits of damaged electrical wiring, etc.) are likely.

The purpose of this invention is to create an automatic system that detects the threat of a vehicle (fixed object) being hit by an ammunition or detects a threat of an accident with catastrophic consequences and starts the process of the so-called. "preemptive firefighting", i.e. fire extinguishing, which begins before the protected object receives any damage and the parameters controlled by fire sensors reach critical values. In other words, the spraying of a fire extinguishing agent and other necessary actions must be started before the vehicle (immovable object) is damaged - to create an effective fire extinguishing environment before the onset of fire and flash, which will create the necessary conditions for saving the protected object and people in it.

This goal is achieved by radically changing the algorithm of fire-fighting systems. While maintaining the existing option for starting the operation of fire-fighting systems (on a signal from fire-fighting sensors or manually), the algorithm of operation becomes the main one in which the signal to turn on fire-fighting systems should be given by the active protection complex (KAZ) or the optoelectronic suppression complex (KOEP) when an incoming ammunition is detected ( signs of its approach - the operation of guidance and target designation systems for high-precision munitions) and the determination of its parameters as dangerous for the protected object, which gives a cardinal gain in the operation of fire fighting systems - fire and explosion prevention measures begin before a catastrophic effect on the protected object occurs. the channel for switching on the fire-fighting systems of the protected object can be the automated control system of the subdivision (a signal from external sources). Aviation and navy have automated accident and collision control and avoidance systems that can give a similar command to firefighting systems. For civil transport, it is proposed to use systems that developers call “autopilot” (the term is successfully disputed, for example, in German courts) or “adaptive cruise control” (generally recognized systems), which are equipped with radars, lidars, video cameras, parking sensors, volume sensors of a collision avoidance system and other equipment controlled by an on-board computer.

The choice of a specific fire extinguishing system in solving the problem of explosion and fire protection depends on the allocated budget, operating conditions (primarily temperature), the possibilities for its placement inside the protected volumes and the presence of people in them.

Due to the presence of a significant gain in the speed of the system response, it is possible to combine the joint operation of systems based on different physical and chemical principles. In our opinion, the greatest gain, especially at the stage of the initial operation of the explosion and fire protection system, will be given by the use of pulsed fire extinguishing technology, moreover, the fire extinguishing system is oriented to repeated actuation of actuators (mechanisms) to prevent ignition from secondary ignition sources in combination with emergency fuel dumping from the affected fuel tanks outside of the protected volumes and by blocking the fuel lines. Thus, conditions unfavorable for the occurrence of fire and explosion are created in the protected volume, which are then artificially maintained during a period dangerous for the protected object.

In the variant of using pulsed fire extinguishing systems, the problem is solved by the fact that the control system detects the threat in advance and includes a subsystem of high-speed (ultra-fast) pulse-spray devices that create a multi-vortex gas-droplet squall or gas-powder vortex in a fraction of a second in the volume of the protected compartment, which, due to multiple reflections from the surfaces of the hull and equipment of the compartment provides an effective extinguishing effect and the creation of an environment unfavorable for ignition and explosion of the fuel-air mixture and the existing fire load.

Upon receipt of critical response values from fire sensors or according to a predetermined algorithm, after the ammunition has penetrated the protected volume (damage to the vehicle in an accident), the actuating devices (mechanisms) of the fire extinguishing system are, if possible, maximally targeted to suppress secondary sources of ignition and turn off the main power lines affected compartment (if possible).

Fuel tanks located inside and outside of the protected compartments are modified or immediately designed so that, at the command of the control system, shut off the fuel lines and emergency fuel dumping (as an option, controlled combustion) outside the protected volume (including by firing off external fuel tanks from the protected object with the help of squibs).

A dangerous fire load (for example, ammunition) is isolated from the habitable compartments at the command of the control system, power lines are turned off in the affected compartment (if possible) - simultaneously with the first operation of the preventive fire extinguishing system or later (for reasons of ensuring the rescue of the protected object and people in it) .

Thus, this invention allows, due to the emergence (synergy) of existing systems that previously existed independently of each other (explosion and fire protection systems for vehicles and fixed objects, on the one hand, and KAZ, KOEP, collision avoidance systems or adaptive cruise control, on the other parties) to reach a new level of explosion and fire protection and thus achieve results that were previously impossible even theoretically.

When preparing this application, only open sources of information were used; information containing state secrets is not contained.

This invention does not deny the developments existing in the industry, but proposes a fundamental change in the logic of their operation algorithm, i.e., if possible, the transition from the start of work with fire and explosion not from the moment when they have already occurred or become inevitable, but to the moment when the means automatics have identified an imminent critical threat to the protected object and have begun to suppress the conditions conducive to the occurrence of fire and explosion, and then, during the threatened period, continue active preventive actions. The implementation of the invention implies in the future the possibility of changing approaches to the design of equipment, taking into account the proposals made.

Brief description of the drawings (figures).

For a visual illustration of the above reasoning and proof of the feasibility of the ideas expressed, the following drawings (figures, drawings, sketches) are given:

the figure 1 shows the characteristic consequences of the explosion of the fuel-air mixture - the T-34 tank undermining the tanks located in the fenders, theoretically, to save the crew and the tank as a whole, it is possible to sacrifice part of the armor plate and the fuel tank (for example, using a knockout panel);

figures 2 and 3 show Soviet developments implemented in Ukraine according to the algorithms of the active protection complex (KAZ) "Barrier";

figure 2 shows the detection diagram of KAZ "Zaslon" (Ukraine) RPG (in the figure on the left) and 30 mm ammunition (in the figure on the right). In the case of interception of low-speed (70 ... 100 m / s.) Anti-tank weapons, a delay in the operation of the warhead is created. In case of detection of means that do not pose a threat to the tank (30 mm grenade, etc.), the signal to detonate the warhead is not given.

The numbers in figure 2 indicate:

1 - signal from the target;

2 - signal to undermine;

3 - prohibition of a signal to detonate - if it is determined that a striking element that is not dangerous for the protected object flies up (for example, small-caliber ammunition or a fragment);

figure 3 shows a diagram of the detection of KAZ "Barrier" (Ukraine, as it is presented on the monitor of the system itself) of a solid-body ammunition (BPS) - in the figure on the left and an armor-piercing projectile of the BK-18M tank gun - in the figure on the right. The signal to undermine the warhead is given, thus, the algorithm for recognizing and classifying, according to the degree of danger, ammunition flying up to the protected object (shells, missiles, grenades, etc.) has long been implemented.

The numbers in figure 3 indicate:

1 - signal from the target;

2 - signal to undermine.

figure 4 shows a diagram of the active protection complex of the tank "Barrier" (Ukraine) in the phase of its active counteraction to incoming ammunition, which the automatic system considered dangerous (figure 4 explains the essence of the phenomena shown in figure 3);

figure 5 shows how the T-80U tank sets up a curtain with the help of ZD17 grenades to counter weapons guidance systems at the command of the Shtora-1 optoelectronic suppression complex (photo from open sources), which illustrates the capabilities of modern armored vehicles in preventive counteraction to incoming ammunition ;

Figure 6 shows a diagram of the operation of Kidde-Deugra fire suppression equipment (computer model), with an ultra-high degree of response of the fire extinguishing system.

a) Projectile penetration: 0-1ms

b) Start of deflagration: 5-15 ms

c) Release of extinguishing agent: 5-15 ms

d) Burst suppression: 30-120ms

e) Elimination of fire: 70-150ms

Claims (4)

1. The system of explosion and fire protection of the protected object, characterized in that the system is configured to detect in advance the threat of damage to the protected object and automatically activate the fire extinguishing system in advance before the object receives damage in order to create a fuel-air mixture that is unfavorable for ignition and explosion inside the protected object. the object of conditions and the creation of unfavorable conditions for the ignition of the fire load present in the protected compartments. 2. The system of explosion and fire protection of the protected object, characterized in that the system is configured to detect in advance the threat of damage to the protected object and automatically activate the fire extinguishing system in advance before the object receives damage, while the system is also configured to automatically, parallel to activation fire extinguishing systems, activate emergency fuel dumping outside the protected object and block the fuel lines in order to create unfavorable conditions for ignition and explosion of the fuel-air mixture inside the protected object. 3. The system of explosion and fire protection of the protected object, characterized in that the system is configured to detect in advance the threat of destruction of the protected object and automatically activate the fire extinguishing system in advance before the object is damaged, while the system after the destruction of the protected object is also configured to automatically mode or according to the signals of fire sensors, ensure repeated operation of the actuating devices of the fire extinguishing system to suppress secondary sources of ignition and turn off the power supply lines of the affected compartment. 4. The system of explosion and fire protection of the protected object, characterized in that the system is configured to detect in advance the threat of damage to the protected object and automatically activate the fire extinguishing system in advance before the object receives damage, while the system detects the threat of damage to the protected object in automatic mode, parallel to the activation of the fire extinguishing system, it is configured to isolate the fire load from the habitable compartments by closing the open doors of the compartment with ammunition, separating it from the habitable compartment.

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