RU2783722C1 - Method for manufacturing parts from a sheet metal blank on a cnc laser machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: materials laser processing.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of laser processing of materials, and in particular to a method for manufacturing engraved parts from a sheet metal blank on a CNC laser machine. Electronic drawings of parts are preliminarily developed in a CAD system, drawing at least the external contours of parts, and engraving on their surface. Electronic drawings are imported into the memory of the machine's CAM system. After that, the position of the workpiece on the desktop of the machine is determined by laser scanning. Then information about the position of the workpiece is transmitted to the CAM system of the machine and using the CAM system, the virtual layout of the electronic contours of the parts is carried out in automatic mode within the specified boundaries of the workpiece contour with the maximum utilization of the workpiece surface, maintaining the distance between the parts corresponding to the width of the cut, the distance to the boundaries of the workpiece contour, not exceeding the diameter of the lower part of the nozzle of the optical head of a continuous fiber laser, and taking into account the position of a single program zero point of the machine. Parts are manufactured in an automated process flow without changing the position of the workpiece in three cycles, the first of which includes detailed cleaning of the surface of each part within their electronic circuits by modulated laser radiation. During the second cycle, each detail is engraved in detail within their electronic circuits by modulated laser radiation. During the third cycle, parts are cut along the electronic contour by continuous laser radiation.

EFFECT: expanding the technological capabilities of laser processing, improving quality and productivity by manufacturing parts of various nomenclature in a single closed process flow with laser cleaning and engraving without changing the position of the sheet blank during the entire technological cycle.

10 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of laser processing of materials, namely to the figured cutting of flat sheets with engraving using laser radiation, and can be used for the manufacture of parts of various configurations of a wide range in mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, aircraft and automotive industries, etc.

Known installation for cutting sheet materials using laser radiation company "Messer Griesheim", Germany [Prospect of the company "Messer Griesheim", Germany.]. The installation includes a technological laser, a control system and a manipulator of optical elements - rotary mirrors and a technological lens. The manipulator of optical elements includes two traverses of longitudinal movement along the X axis, on which there are guides and actuators of drives - ball screws, rack-and-pinion gears, lindwits, etc., and a crossbar for moving the technological lens along the Y axis. It also moves along with the lens and the last swivel mirror along the laser radiation path.

The installation works as follows. The radiation generated by the technological laser is directed along one of the traverses to the first rotary mirror located on the crossbar. Reflected from it, the radiation along the crossbar is directed to the second swivel mirror and then vertically down into the technological lens. In the technological lens, the radiation is focused and directed directly onto the processed sheet. Figured cutting of sheet material is provided by mutual movement of the crossbar along the traverses and the technological lens with the last rotary mirror along the crossbar.

Known methods of cutting parts (for example, Kantorovich P.V. and others Calculation of rational cutting of industrial materials. - L.: 1951, p. 26-54), consisting in the sequential cutting of all the details on the sheet, from the first to the last. Moreover, each time before cutting the part, the cutter cuts into the sheet metal. After that, the cutter completely bypasses the contour of the cut part. Next, the power source is turned off and the cutter makes an idle transition to the place where the cutting of the new part begins. The power source is turned on, a new cut is made into the sheet metal, and the technological cycle of part cutting is repeated until all parts on the sheet are completely cut out.

There is another way of cutting sheet material [Author's certificate N1803291 dated 09/11/91], which has a higher productivity compared to the above. The method is as follows. Processing starts from the starting point on the contour of the workpiece and leads it to that point on the cut contour, from which the distance to the next workpiece is minimal. After that, a blank transition to this part is performed and its cutting begins. The cutting is carried out to the point from which the distance to the third part to be cut is minimal. Next, a transition is made from the second part to the third and so on until the last part. The last detail is cut out completely. From it, the cutter performs an idle transition along the shortest distance to the penultimate part and also performs its final cutting, etc. down to the first detail.

A known method of cutting sheet material using a highly concentrated energy source (patent No. 2119855, priority dated 06/17/1997). A laser beam, plasma, and others can act as a highly concentrated source. The invention can be used in mechanical engineering, textile, electrical, woodworking industries. The parts to be cut are arranged in a continuous chain on the sheet. Each part, starting with the first, has a subsequent point of contact equal to the width of the cut. Parts are cut starting from the first one in the part chain and further along the chain to the last one. The last detail is cut out completely. Then everything is done in reverse order. In the place where the parts touch, a transition is made from cutting one part to another.

However, the above-described methods for manufacturing parts from sheet material have the following disadvantages:

- low utilization of the workpiece surface;

- there is no possibility to apply engraving on the cut-out parts without an additional technological transition, which, accordingly, reduces productivity and increases the final cost of parts, including due to the organization of an additional workplace;

- low processing performance due to a large number of idle transitions, i.e. torch transition distances from the cut part to the cut start point of the next part.

The technical result of the invention is to expand the technological capabilities of laser processing, improve quality and productivity by manufacturing parts of various nomenclature in a single closed process flow with laser cleaning and engraving without changing the position of the sheet blank during the entire technological cycle.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for manufacturing parts with engraving from a sheet metal blank on a CNC laser machine, including a computer connected via an interface with the CNC of the machine, and built into the coordinate system of the machine with a desktop

a modulated fiber laser (Q-switch) with a two-coordinate galvanic scanner and a focusing lens for cleaning and engraving details, and

a continuous fiber laser with an optical head with a nozzle and a focusing lens and a tracking system for the surface of the workpiece, which provides scanning of the workpiece and cutting of parts,

the control systems of which (lasers) are combined with the CNC of the machine,

previously

develop electronic drawings of parts in a CAD system, drawing at least the external contours of parts of the same or different nomenclature, and engraving on their surface,

further, electronic drawings of parts are imported into the memory of the CAM system of the machine tool with an indication of the thickness and material of the parts and the size of the workpiece;

after that, a workpiece is installed on the machine’s desktop, oriented relative to the working field of the machine and its position is determined in the virtual coordinate grid of the machine with a single software zero point of the machine’s CAM system by laser scanning,

then information about the position of the workpiece is transmitted to the CAM system of the machine and using the CAM system, the virtual layout of the electronic contours of the parts is carried out in automatic mode within the specified boundaries of the contour of the workpiece with the maximum utilization of the workpiece surface, maintaining the distance between the parts corresponding to the width of the cut, the distance to the boundaries of the contour of the workpiece, not exceeding the diameter of the lower part of the nozzle of the optical head of a continuous fiber laser, and taking into account the position of a single program zero point of the machine;

after which they prepare the trajectory of the processing of parts: put down the positions of the entries, the order of cutting the contours of the parts and the direction of cutting,

and then perform the generation of the control program for the CNC and set the processing parameters: cutting speed, number of plunges, plunge time, idle time and the height of the CW fiber laser nozzle above the workpiece;

after preliminary preparation, they proceed to sequential manufacturing of parts in an automated technological flow without changing the position of the workpiece in three cycles,

the first of which involves the detailed cleaning of the surface of each part within their electronic circuits by modulated laser radiation;

during the second cycle, each detail is engraved in detail within their electronic circuits by modulated laser radiation;

and during the third cycle, parts are cut along the electronic circuit by continuous laser radiation,

after which the finished parts are removed from the desktop of the laser machine.

In addition, according to the invention, laser scanning is carried out with a pilot laser built into the optical circuit of a continuous fiber laser, at a wavelength of 0.63 μm and a power of 5 mW.

In addition, according to the invention, laser cleaning is carried out by modulated laser radiation with a power of 5 to 10 W and a frequency of 20,000 ... 50,000 Hz at a speed of 1500 ...

In addition, according to the invention, laser engraving is carried out by modulated laser radiation, with a power of 10 to 50 W, a frequency of 10000 ... 0000 Hz at a speed of 300 ...

In addition, according to the invention, laser cutting is carried out by continuous laser radiation with a power of 200 ... 2000 W at a speed of 50 ... 200 mm / s with a workpiece thickness of 0.5 ... 12 mm.

In addition, according to the invention, a modulated fiber laser (Q-switch) with an average power of up to 50 W is used with a two-coordinate galvanic scanner 150 × 150 mm and a focusing lens with a focus of 200 mm, combined into a monoblock.

In addition, according to the invention, a continuous fiber laser with an average power of up to 2000 W is used with an optical head with a collimator and a lens with a focus of 200 mm and with a system for tracking the surface of sheet metal blanks, while radiation from the laser is transmitted to the optical head via an optical fiber.

In addition, according to the invention, the engraving of parts virtually laid out on a sheet blank is carried out with a modulated laser radiation power density that changes in accordance with the formed engraving pattern.

In addition, according to the invention, the default scale of the parts is selected equal to 1 or the scale information is specified when importing electronic drawings of parts into the memory of the CAM system of the machine.

In addition, according to the invention, parts of the same thickness are selected for the manufacture of parts by the proposed method.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

in fig. 1 shows a diagram of a laser machine, on which 1 is a fiber laser with modulated radiation (Q-switch); 2 - optical head (Q-switch) of the fiber laser; 3 - X axis of the laser machine; 4 - axis Y of the laser machine; 5 - axis Z1 (Q-switch) of the fiber laser; 6 - axis Z2 of the optical head (Q-switch) of the fiber laser; 7 - working table of the laser machine; 8 - virtual coordinate grid of the machine with a single program zero point O; 9 - CNC system of a laser machine; 10 - cw fiber laser 2000 W with a pilot laser built into the optical circuit; 11 - blank (metal sheet); 12 - computer;

in fig. 2 - cutting parts "AP.701.29.11.92 Nameplate" in the CAM-system Pronest.

A method for manufacturing parts with engraving from a sheet metal blank on a CNC laser machine includes a preparatory part and directly manufacturing parts using laser radiation.

First, electronic drawings of parts of the same or different nomenclature are developed in a CAD system for laser cutting, while it is desirable that the manufactured parts be of the same thickness. The contours of the parts that need to be cut with a laser are built using the main lines. Auxiliary elements, such as dimension lines, indication of roughness and other information, can also be made, but using a different line type. This information is not necessary directly for laser cutting, so it is enough to build only the contours of the parts to be processed. The default scale of the part must be equal to 1. In other cases, the scale information must be specified for the correct import of the part into the CAM system. The file format for the CAM system is .dxf.

The preparation of drawings for laser engraving is carried out in the same way as for laser cutting of parts.

Next, the import of electronic drawings of parts into the memory of the CAM system of the machine tool is performed, indicating the thickness and material of the parts and the size of the sheet metal blank.

After that, the workpiece 11 is installed on the machine desktop, oriented relative to the working field of the machine and its position is determined in the virtual coordinate grid 8 with a single software zero point O of the CAM system of the machine by laser scanning, which is carried out by a pilot laser built into the optical circuit of a continuous fiber laser 10. Laser scanning is carried out at a wavelength of 0.63 microns and a power of 5 mW.

Then information about the position of the workpiece is transmitted to the CAM system of the machine.

Then, using the CAM system, a virtual layout of the electronic contours of the parts is carried out automatically within the specified boundaries of the workpiece contour with the maximum utilization of the workpiece surface, maintaining the distance between the parts corresponding to the width of the cut, the distance to the boundaries of the workpiece contour, not exceeding the diameter of the lower part of the optical nozzle. head of a continuous fiber laser, and taking into account the position of a single software zero point of the machine.

If necessary, you can change the position of the parts on the sheet.

After the optimal virtual layout of the parts, they begin to prepare the trajectory for the manufacture of parts: put down the positions of the runs, the order of cutting the contours of the parts and the direction of cutting.

The preparatory part is completed by generating the control program for the CNC and setting the processing parameters: cutting speed, number of cuts, cut-in time, idle time and the height of the continuous fiber laser nozzle above the workpiece. With a sharp change in the direction of cutting, it is desirable to underestimate the cutting speed.

Next, they proceed to sequential manufacturing of parts in an automated process flow with laser cleaning and engraving without changing the position of the workpiece in three cycles using laser radiation.

The first cycle includes successive detailed cleaning of the surface of parts virtually laid out on a sheet blank within the outer contours of each part by modulated laser radiation using a Q-switch fiber laser with radiation parameters: average power from 5 to 10 W, and a frequency of 20000 ... 50000 Hz at a speed of 1500 …3000 mm/s (cleaning speed is ensured by using a two-axis galvanic scanner).

During the second cycle, sequential detailed engraving of parts virtually laid out on a sheet blank is performed by modulated laser radiation using a Q-switch fiber laser with radiation parameters: average power from 10 to 50 W, frequency 10000 ... 20000 Hz at a speed of 300 ... 1500 mm / s ( engraving speed is ensured by using a two-axis galvanic scanner).

The engraving of parts virtually laid out on a sheet blank is carried out with a power density of modulated laser radiation and a speed of laser beam movement that are changed in accordance with the formed engraving pattern.

During the third cycle, parts are cut along the outer contour with continuous laser radiation using a continuous fiber laser with radiation parameters: average power 200...2000 W at a speed of 50...200 mm/sec with a workpiece thickness of 0.5...12 mm.

After the end of the third cycle, the finished parts are removed from the desktop of the laser machine.

The method for manufacturing parts with engraving from a sheet metal blank is carried out on a CNC laser machine (Fig. 1), which includes a computer 12 connected via an interface with the CNC of the machine 9, built into the coordinate system of the machine with a desktop 7 modulated fiber laser (Q -switch) 1 with 2D galvanic scanner 150×150 mm and focusing lens with 200 mm focus (monoblock) for scanning, cleaning and engraving details, and continuous fiber laser 10 with optical head 2 with nozzle and focusing lens with 200 mm focus and system tracking the surface of the workpiece (radiation from the laser to the optical head is transmitted through an optical fiber), which ensures the cutting of parts. The control systems of these lasers are combined with the CNC of the machine.

The proposed method was tested in the manufacture of parts "AP.701.29.11.92 Nameplate" (with engraving) 100x80 mm, 1 mm thick GOST19904-90, as well as batches of parts of the same nomenclature ("Nameplate" with engraving). When testing the method, sheet blanks 12X18H10TGOST 5632-72 with a thickness of 0.5 ... 12 mm and a size of 1000x1000 mm were used.

We previously developed an electronic drawing of the part in a CAD system: we performed the outline of the part and engraved it using the main lines.

Then, a workpiece was installed on the desktop of the machine, orienting it relative to the working field of the machine and determining its position in a virtual coordinate grid with a single software zero point O of the CAM system of the machine using the laser scanning method. Laser scanning was carried out with a pilot laser built into the optical circuit of a continuous fiber laser at a wavelength of 0.63 μm and a power of 5 mW. The obtained information about the position of the workpiece was transferred to the Pronest CAM system of the machine.

Next, we imported electronic drawings of parts into the memory of the machine's CAM system, indicating the thickness and material of the parts, as well as the size of the sheet metal blank.

After that, using the CAM system, the optimal virtual layout of the electronic contours of the part was carried out in automatic mode within the specified boundaries of the workpiece contour with the maximum utilization of the workpiece surface, maintaining the distance between the parts corresponding to the width of the cut, the distance to the boundaries of the workpiece contour, not exceeding the diameter of the lower part nozzles of the optical head of a continuous fiber laser, and taking into account the position of a single software zero point of the machine.

After that, we prepared the trajectory of the processing of parts: put down the position of the entries, determined the order of cutting the contours of the parts and the direction of cutting.

Next, we performed the output and correction of the control program for the CNC. At this stage, the generation of the control program for the CNC system is carried out. When outputting the control program, the characteristics of the part specified during the import of the drawing are taken into account, and the code is generated taking into account the correction of coordinates in accordance with the width of the cut during manufacture.

When manufacturing the part "AP.701.29.11.92 Nameplate", after generating the control program, the processing parameters were set: cutting speed -3500 mm / min, number of cuts - 5, cut-in time - 0.3 sec, idle movement time and height position of the nozzle above the workpiece sheet .

Next, we proceeded to detailed sequential cleaning and engraving of all virtually laid out parts, within their contours.

The parts were cleaned with a Q-switch fiber laser with the following radiation parameters: - power 9 watts, - focus 200 mm, - speed 1500 mm/sec.

The details were engraved with a Q-switch fiber laser with the following radiation parameters: - power 20 watts, - speed 300 mm/sec, - focus 200 mm.

Before cutting, we set up the parameters of the laser machine: set the laser power, set the focus for the optical head, set the nozzle of the required diameter, and set the pressure of the auxiliary gas for cutting.

Below are the parameters for cutting the part "AP.701.29.11.92 Nameplate" using a fiber laser.

After the cutting is completed, the parts "AP.701.29.11.92 Nameplate" are ready in the amount of 101 pcs. removed from the working surface of the laser machine table.

It was experimentally found that in order to achieve a technical result, it is necessary that

laser scanning was carried out with a continuous fiber laser at a wavelength of 0.63 μm and a power of 5 mW;

laser cleaning was carried out by modulated laser radiation with a power of 5 to 10 W, a frequency of 20000 ... 50000 Hz and a speed of 1500 ... 3000 mm/sec;

laser engraving was carried out by modulated laser radiation with a power of 10 to 50 W, a frequency of 10000 ... 20000 Hz and a speed of 300.. 1500 mm/sec;

and laser cutting - with continuous laser radiation with a power of 200..2000 W at a speed of 50..200 mm/sec;

continuous fiber laser, and taking into account the position of a single software zero point of the machine;

after which they prepare the trajectory of processing parts: put down the positions of the leads, the order of cutting the contours of the parts and the direction of cutting, and then they generate the control program for the CNC and set the processing parameters: cutting speed, number of cuts, cut-in time, idle movement time and the height of the position of the continuous nozzle fiber laser above the workpiece;

after preliminary preparation, they proceed to sequential manufacturing of parts in an automated technological flow without changing the position of the workpiece in three cycles;

the first of which involves the detailed cleaning of the surface of each part within their electronic circuits by modulated laser radiation; during the second cycle, each detail is engraved in detail within their electronic circuits by modulated laser radiation; and during the third cycle, parts are cut along the electronic circuit by continuous laser radiation; after which the finished parts are removed from the desktop of the laser machine.

Claims (18)

1. A method for manufacturing parts with engraving from a sheet metal blank on a CNC laser machine containing a desktop, a computer connected via an interface with the CNC of the machine, and a modulated fiber laser (Q-switch) built into the coordinate system of the machine with a two-coordinate galvanic scanner and a focusing lens that provides cleaning and engraving of parts, a continuous fiber laser with an optical head with a nozzle, a focusing lens and a tracking system for the surface of the workpiece, which provides scanning of the workpiece and cutting parts, and laser control systems combined with the CNC of the machine, including: - preliminary development of electronic drawings of parts in a CAD system by drawing at least the external contours of parts of the same or different nomenclature, and engraving on their surface; - import of electronic drawings of parts into the memory of the CAM-system of the machine tool with an indication of the thickness and material of the parts and the size of the workpiece; - subsequent placement of the workpiece on the desktop of the machine tool, its orientation relative to the working field of the machine tool and determination of its position in the virtual coordinate grid of the machine tool with a single software zero point of the CAM system of the machine tool by laser scanning; - transfer of information about the position of the workpiece to the CAM system of the machine and, using the CAM system, the implementation of a virtual layout of the electronic contours of parts in automatic mode within the specified boundaries of the workpiece contour with the maximum utilization of the workpiece surface by maintaining the distance between the parts corresponding to the width of the cut, and the distance up to the boundaries of the contour of the workpiece, not exceeding the diameter of the lower part of the nozzle of the optical head of a continuous fiber laser, taking into account the position of a single software zero point of the machine; - preparation of a trajectory for processing parts, including setting the position of entries, the order of cutting the contours of parts and the direction of cutting; - generation of a control program for the CNC and setting the following processing parameters: cutting speed, number of cuts, time of cuts, time of idle movements and the height of the continuous fiber laser nozzle above the workpiece; - after preliminary preparation, they proceed to sequential manufacturing of parts in an automated process flow without changing the position of the workpiece in three cycles, the first of which includes detailed cleaning of the surface of each part within their electronic circuits by modulated laser radiation, during the second cycle, detailed engraving of each part within their electronic circuits by modulated laser radiation, and during the third cycle, parts are cut along the electronic circuit by continuous laser radiation, then the finished parts are removed from the desktop of the laser machine. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that laser scanning is carried out with a pilot laser built into the optical circuit of a continuous fiber laser, with a wavelength of 0.63 μm and a power of 5 mW. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that laser cleaning is carried out by modulated laser radiation with a power of 5-10 W and a frequency of 20000-50000 Hz at a speed of 1500-3000 mm/s, while the cleaning speed is provided by using a two-axis galvanic scanner. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that laser engraving is carried out by modulated laser radiation with a power of 10-50 W, a frequency of 10000-20000 Hz and a speed of 300-1500 mm / s, while the engraving speed is provided through the use of a two-axis galvanic scanner . 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that with a workpiece thickness of 0.5-12 mm, laser cutting is carried out with continuous laser radiation with a power of 200-2000 W at a speed of 50-200 mm/s. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a fiber laser with modulated radiation (Q-switch) with an average power of up to 50 W is used with a two-coordinate galvanic scanner 150 × 150 mm and a focusing lens with a focus of 200 mm, combined into a monoblock. 7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they use a continuous fiber laser with an average power of up to 2000 W with an optical head with a collimator and a lens with a focus of 200 mm and with a system for tracking the surface of sheet metal blanks, while the radiation from the laser to the optical head transmitted over optical fiber. 8. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the engraving of parts virtually laid out on a sheet blank is carried out with a power density of modulated laser radiation that changes in accordance with the formed engraving pattern. 9. The method according to claim. 1, characterized in that the default scale of the parts is selected equal to 1 or the scale information is indicated when importing electronic drawings of parts into the memory of the CAM system of the machine. 10. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that parts of the same thickness are made.

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